@jackdbd/eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech

@jackdbd/eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech

Eleventy plugin that synthesizes any text you want, on any page of your Eleventy site, using the Google Cloud Text-to-Speech API. You can either self-host the audio assets this plugin generates, or host them on Cloud Storage.

:warning: The Cloud Text-to-Speech API has a limit of 5000 characters.

See also:

• this issue of the Wavenet for Chrome extension

• this discussion on Google Groups

Installation

npm install --save-dev @jackdbd/eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech

Preliminary Operations

Enable the Text-to-Speech API

Before you can begin using the Text-to-Speech API, you must enable it. You can enable the API with the following command:

gcloud services enable texttospeech.googleapis.com

Set up authentication via a service account

This plugin uses the official Node.js client library for the Text-to-Speech API. In order to authenticate to any Google Cloud API you will need some kind of credentials. At the moment this plugin supports only authentication via a service account JSON key.

First, create a service account that can use the Text-to-Speech API. You can also reuse an existing service account if you want. You just need the service account, no need to configure any IAM permissions.

gcloud iam service-accounts create sa-text-to-speech-user \
  --display-name "Text-to-Speech user SA"

Second, download the JSON key of this service account and store it somewhere safe. Do not track this file in git.

Optional: Create Cloud Storage bucket (only if you want to host audio files on Cloud Storage)

Create a Cloud Storage bucket in your desired location. Enable uniform bucket-level access and use the nearline storage class.

gsutil mb \
  -p $GCP_PROJECT_ID \
  -l $CLOUD_STORAGE_LOCATION \
  -c nearline \
  -b on \
  gs://bkt-eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech-audio-files

If you want, you can check that uniform bucket-level access is enabled using this command:

gsutil uniformbucketlevelaccess get \
  gs://bkt-eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech-audio-files

Make the bucket's objects publicly available for read access (otherwise people will not be able to listen/download the audio files):

gsutil iam ch allUsers:objectViewer \
  gs://bkt-eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech-audio-files

Usage

Let's say that you are hosting your Eleventy website on Cloudflare Pages. Your current deployment is at the URL indicated by the environment variable CF_PAGES_URL.

Self-hosting the generated audio assets

If you want to self-host the audio assets that this plugin generates and use all default options, you can register the plugin with this code:

const { plugin: tts } = require('@jackdbd/eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech')

module.exports = function (eleventyConfig) {
  // some eleventy configuration...

  eleventyConfig.addPlugin(tts, {
    audioHost: process.env.CF_PAGES_URL
      ? new URL(`${process.env.CF_PAGES_URL}/assets/audio`)
      : new URL('http://localhost:8090/assets/audio')
  })

  // some more eleventy configuration...
}

Hosting the generated audio assets on Cloud Storage

If you want to host the audio assets on a Cloud Storage bucket and configure the rules for the audio matches, you could register the plugin using something like this:

const { plugin: tts } = require('@jackdbd/eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech')

module.exports = function (eleventyConfig) {
  // some eleventy configuration...

  eleventyConfig.addPlugin(tts, {
    audioHost: {
      bucketName: 'some-bucket-containing-publicly-readable-files'
    },
    rules: [
      // synthesize the text contained in all <h1> tags, in all posts
      {
        regex: new RegExp('posts\\/.*\\.html$'),
        cssSelectors: ['h1']
      },
      // synthesize the text contained in all <p> tags that start with "Once upon a time", in all HTML pages, except the 404.html page
      {
        regex: new RegExp('^((?!404).)*\\.html$'),
        xPathExpressions: ['//p[starts-with(., "Once upon a time")]']
      }
    ],
    voice: 'en-GB-Wavenet-C'
  })

  // some more eleventy configuration...
}

Multiple hosts

If you want to host the generated audio assets on multiple hosts, register this plugin multiple times. Here are a few examples:

• self-host some audio assets, and host on a Cloud Storage bucket some other assets
• host all audio assets on Cloud Storage, but host some on one bucket, and some others on a different bucket.

Have a look at the Eleventy configuration of the demo-site in this monorepo.

Configuration

Required parameters

Parameter	Explanation
audioHost	Each audio host should have a matching writer responsible for writing/uploading the assets to the host.

Options

Option	Default	Explanation
audioEncodings	['OGG_OPUS', 'MP3']	List of audio encodings to use when generating audio assets from text matches.
audioInnerHTML	see in src/dom.ts	Function to use to generate the innerHTML of the <audio> tag to inject in the page for each text match.
cacheExpiration	365d	Expiration for the 11ty AssetCache. See here.
collectionName	audio-items	Name of the 11ty collection created by this plugin.
keyFilename	process.env.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS	credentials for the Cloud Text-to-Speech API (and for the Cloud Storage API if you don't set it in audioHost).
rules	see in src/constants.ts	Rules that determine which texts to convert into speech.
transformName	inject-audio-tags-into-html	Name of the 11ty transform created by this plugin.
voice	en-US-Standard-J	Voice to use when generating audio assets from text matches. The Speech-to-Text API supports these voices, and might have different pricing for diffent voices.

:warning: Don't forget to set either keyFilename or the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable on your build server.

Debug

This plugin uses the debug library for logging. You can control what's logged using the DEBUG environment variable. For example, if you set your environment variables in a .envrc file, you could do:

# print all logging statements
export DEBUG=eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/*

# print just the logging statements from the dom module and the writers module
export DEBUG=eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/dom,eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/writers

# print all logging statements, except the ones from the dom module and the transforms module
export DEBUG=eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/*,-eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/dom,-eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech/transforms

Credits

I had the idea of this plugin while reading the code of the homonym eleventy-plugin-text-to-speech by Larry Hudson. There are a few differences between these plugins, the main one is that this plugin uses the Google Cloud Text-to-Speech API, while Larry's plugin uses the Microsoft Azure Speech SDK.