@juggle/resize-observer

What is @juggle/resize-observer?

The @juggle/resize-observer package is a polyfill for the ResizeObserver API, which allows developers to observe changes to the size of DOM elements and react accordingly. It provides a way to receive notifications when an element's content rectangle has changed its size, which is useful for responsive designs and element-specific layout updates.

What are @juggle/resize-observer's main functionalities?

Observing size changes in elements

This feature allows you to create a new ResizeObserver instance and observe size changes in DOM elements. When a change is detected, the callback function is executed with the new size information.

const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(entries => {
  for (let entry of entries) {
    console.log('Size changed:', entry.contentRect);
  }
});

resizeObserver.observe(document.querySelector('.resizable-element'));

Unobserving elements

This feature allows you to stop observing size changes in a DOM element that was previously being observed by the ResizeObserver instance.

resizeObserver.unobserve(document.querySelector('.resizable-element'));

Disconnecting the observer

This feature allows you to completely disconnect the ResizeObserver instance, which stops observing all elements and clears its references, allowing for garbage collection.

resizeObserver.disconnect();

Other packages similar to @juggle/resize-observer

resize-observer-polyfill

This package is another polyfill for the ResizeObserver API, similar to @juggle/resize-observer. It provides the same basic functionality, allowing developers to observe changes in the size of DOM elements.

react-resize-detector

This package is specifically designed for React and provides components and hooks to listen to resize events on DOM elements. It's a higher-level abstraction compared to @juggle/resize-observer, which is more general-purpose and not tied to a specific framework.

README

Resize Observer

---

A minimal library which polyfills the ResizeObserver API and is entirely based on the latest Draft Specification.

It immediately detects when an element resizes and provides accurate sizing information back to the handler. Check out the Example Playground for more information on usage and performance.

The latest Resize Observer specification is not yet finalised and is subject to change. Any drastic changes to the specification will bump the major version of this library, as there will likely be breaking changes. Check the release notes for more information.

Installation

npm i @juggle/resize-observer

Basic usage

import { ResizeObserver } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  console.log('Body has resized!');
  observer.disconnect(); // Stop observing
});

ro.observe(document.body); // Watch dimension changes on body

This will use the ponyfilled version of ResizeObserver, even if the browser supports ResizeObserver natively.

Watching multiple elements

import { ResizeObserver } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  console.log('Elements resized:', entries.length);
  entries.forEach((entry, index) => {
    const { inlineSize: width, blockSize: height } = entry.contentBoxSize[0];
    console.log(`Element ${index + 1}:`, `${width}x${height}`);
  });
});

const els = document.querySelectorAll('.resizes');
[...els].forEach(el => ro.observe(el)); // Watch multiple!

Watching different box sizes

The latest standards allow for watching different box sizes. The box size option can be specified when observing an element. Options include border-box, device-pixel-content-box and content-box (default).

import { ResizeObserver } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  console.log('Elements resized:', entries.length);
  entries.forEach((entry, index) => {
    const [size] = entry.borderBoxSize;
    console.log(`Element ${index + 1}:`, `${size.inlineSize}x${size.blockSize}`);
  });
});

// Watch border-box
const observerOptions = {
  box: 'border-box'
};

const els = document.querySelectorAll('.resizes');
[...els].forEach(el => ro.observe(el, observerOptions));

From the spec:

The box size properties are exposed as sequences in order to support elements that have multiple fragments, which occur in multi-column scenarios. However the current definitions of content rect and border box do not mention how those boxes are affected by multi-column layout. In this spec, there will only be a single ResizeObserverSize returned in the sequences, which will correspond to the dimensions of the first column. A future version of this spec will extend the returned sequences to contain the per-fragment size information.

Using the legacy version (contentRect)

Early versions of the API return a contentRect. This is still made available for backwards compatibility.

import { ResizeObserver } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  console.log('Elements resized:', entries.length);
  entries.forEach((entry, index) => {
    const { width, height } = entry.contentRect;
    console.log(`Element ${index + 1}:`, `${width}x${height}`);
  });
});

const els = document.querySelectorAll('.resizes');
[...els].forEach(el => ro.observe(el));

Switching between native and polyfilled versions

You can check to see if the native version is available and switch between this and the polyfill to improve performance on browsers with native support.

import { ResizeObserver as Polyfill } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver || Polyfill;

// Uses native or polyfill, depending on browser support.
const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  console.log('Something has resized!');
});

To improve this even more, you could use dynamic imports to only load the file when the polyfill is required.

(async () => {
  if ('ResizeObserver' in window === false) {
    // Loads polyfill asynchronously, only if required.
    const module = await import('@juggle/resize-observer');
    window.ResizeObserver = module.ResizeObserver;
  }
  // Uses native or polyfill, depending on browser support.
  const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
    console.log('Something has resized!');
  });
})();

Browsers with native support may be behind on the latest specification. Use entry.contentRect when switching between native and polyfilled versions.

Resize loop detection

Resize Observers have inbuilt protection against infinite resize loops.

If an element's observed box size changes again within the same resize loop, the observation will be skipped and an error event will be dispatched on the window. Elements with undelivered notifications will be considered for delivery in the next loop.

import { ResizeObserver } from '@juggle/resize-observer';

const ro = new ResizeObserver((entries, observer) => {
  // Changing the body size inside of the observer
  // will cause a resize loop and the next observation will be skipped
  document.body.style.width = '50%';
});

// Listen for errors
window.addEventListener('error', e => console.log(e.message));

// Observe the body
ro.observe(document.body);

Notification Schedule

Notifications are scheduled after all other changes have occurred and all other animation callbacks have been called. This allows the observer callback to get the most accurate size of an element, as no other changes should occur in the same frame.

How are differences detected?

To prevent constant polling, every frame. The DOM is queried whenever an event occurs which could cause an element to change its size. This could be when an element is clicked, a DOM Node is added, or, when an animation is running.

To cover these scenarios, there are two types of observation. The first is to listen to specific DOM events, including resize, mousedown and focus to name a few. The second is to listen for any DOM mutations that occur. This detects when a DOM node is added or removed, an attribute is modified, or, even when some text has changed.

This allows for greater idle time, when the application itself is idle.

Features

• Inbuilt resize loop protection.
• Supports pseudo classes :hover, :active and :focus.
• Supports transitions and animations, including infinite and long-running.
• Detects changes which occur during animation frame.
• Includes support for latest draft spec - observing different box sizes.
• Polls only when required, then shuts down automatically, reducing CPU usage.
• Zero delay system - Notifications are batched and delivered immediately, before the next paint.

Limitations

• Transitions with initial delays cannot be detected.*
• Animations and transitions with long periods of no change, will not be detected.*
• Style changes from dev tools will only be noticed if they are inline styles.*

Tested Browsers

Desktop

Chrome	Safari	Firefox	Opera	Edge	Edge 12-18	IE11 IE 9-10 (with polyfills)**

Mobile

Chrome	Safari	Firefox	Opera	Opera Mini	Edge	Samsung Internet

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*If other interaction occurs, changes will be detected.

**IE10 requires additional polyfills for Map and MutationObserver. IE9 requires IE10 polyfills plus requestAnimationFrame. For more information, see issue here.