@portabletext/react

What is @portabletext/react?

@portabletext/react is a React component for rendering Portable Text, a JSON-based rich text format. It allows developers to easily integrate and render rich text content in their React applications, providing flexibility and customization options.

What are @portabletext/react's main functionalities?

Basic Rendering

This feature allows you to render basic Portable Text content. The example shows how to render a simple 'Hello, world!' text.

import { PortableText } from '@portabletext/react';

const content = [
  {
    _type: 'block',
    children: [
      { _type: 'span', text: 'Hello, world!' }
    ]
  }
];

function App() {
  return <PortableText value={content} />;
}

Custom Components

This feature allows you to define custom components for different types of Portable Text content. The example shows how to render a block as an h1 element.

import { PortableText } from '@portabletext/react';

const content = [
  {
    _type: 'block',
    children: [
      { _type: 'span', text: 'Hello, world!' }
    ]
  }
];

const customComponents = {
  types: {
    block: ({ children }) => <h1>{children}</h1>
  }
};

function App() {
  return <PortableText value={content} components={customComponents} />;
}

Custom Marks

This feature allows you to define custom components for text marks. The example shows how to render text with a 'strong' mark as a bold element.

import { PortableText } from '@portabletext/react';

const content = [
  {
    _type: 'block',
    children: [
      { _type: 'span', text: 'Hello, world!', marks: ['strong'] }
    ]
  }
];

const customComponents = {
  marks: {
    strong: ({ children }) => <strong>{children}</strong>
  }
};

function App() {
  return <PortableText value={content} components={customComponents} />;
}

Other packages similar to @portabletext/react

react-markdown

react-markdown is a React component for rendering Markdown content. It provides a similar functionality to @portabletext/react but is focused on Markdown instead of Portable Text. It allows for custom renderers and plugins to extend its capabilities.

draft-js

draft-js is a rich text editor framework for React. It provides a more comprehensive solution for creating and managing rich text content, including editing capabilities, which @portabletext/react does not offer. It is more complex and feature-rich compared to @portabletext/react.

slate

slate is another rich text editor framework for React. It offers a highly customizable and extensible architecture for building rich text editors. Like draft-js, it provides editing capabilities and a more complex feature set compared to @portabletext/react.

README

@portabletext/react

Render Portable Text with React.

Migrating from @sanity/block-content-to-react? Refer to the migration docs.

Table of contents

• Installation
• Basic usage
• Styling
• Customizing components
• Available components
  • types
  • marks
  • block
  • list
  • listItem
  • hardBreak
  • unknown components
• Disable warnings / Handling unknown types
• Rendering Plain Text
• Typing Portable Text

Installation

npm install --save @portabletext/react

Basic usage

import {PortableText} from '@portabletext/react'

<PortableText
  value={[/* array of portable text blocks */]}
  components={/* optional object of custom components to use */}
/>

Styling the output

The rendered HTML does not have any styling applied, so you will either render a parent container with a class name you can target in your CSS, or pass custom components if you want to control the direct markup and CSS of each element.

Customizing components

Default components are provided for all standard features of the Portable Text spec, with logical HTML defaults. You can pass an object of components to use, both to override the defaults and to provide components for your custom content types.

Provided components will be merged with the defaults. In other words, you only need to provide the things you want to override.

Note: Make sure the object does not change on every render - eg do not create the object within a React component, or if you do, use useMemo to ensure referential identity between renders for better performance.

const myPortableTextComponents = {
  types: {
    image: ({value}) => <img src={value.imageUrl} />,
    callToAction: ({value, isInline}) =>
      isInline ? (
        <a href={value.url}>{value.text}</a>
      ) : (
        <div className="callToAction">{value.text}</div>
      ),
  },

  marks: {
    link: ({children, value}) => {
      const rel = !value.href.startsWith('/') ? 'noreferrer noopener' : undefined
      return (
        <a href={value.href} rel={rel}>
          {children}
        </a>
      )
    },
  },
}

const YourComponent = (props) => {
  return <PortableText value={props.value} components={myPortableTextComponents} />
}

Available components

These are the overridable/implementable keys:

types

An object of React components that renders different types of objects that might appear both as part of the input array, or as inline objects within text blocks - eg alongside text spans.

Use the isInline property to check whether or not this is an inline object or a block.

The object has the shape {typeName: ReactComponent}, where typeName is the value set in individual _type attributes.

Example of rendering a custom image object:

import {PortableText} from '@portabletext/react'
import urlBuilder from '@sanity/image-url'
import {getImageDimensions} from '@sanity/asset-utils'

// Barebones lazy-loaded image component
const SampleImageComponent = ({value, isInline}) => {
  const {width, height} = getImageDimensions(value)
  return (
    <img
      src={urlBuilder()
        .image(value)
        .width(isInline ? 100 : 800)
        .fit('max')
        .auto('format')
        .url()}
      alt={value.alt || ' '}
      loading="lazy"
      style={{
        // Display alongside text if image appears inside a block text span
        display: isInline ? 'inline-block' : 'block',

        // Avoid jumping around with aspect-ratio CSS property
        aspectRatio: width / height,
      }}
    />
  )
}

const components = {
  types: {
    image: SampleImageComponent,
    // Any other custom types you have in your content
    // Examples: mapLocation, contactForm, code, featuredProjects, latestNews, etc.
  },
}

const YourComponent = (props) => {
  return <PortableText value={somePortableTextInput} components={components} />
}

marks

Object of React components that renders different types of marks that might appear in spans. Marks can either be simple "decorators" (eg emphasis, underline, italic) or full "annotations" which include associated data (eg links, references, descriptions).

If the mark is a decorator, the component will receive a markType prop which has the name of the decorator (eg em). If the mark is an annotation, it will receive both a markType with the associated _type property (eg link), and a value property with an object holding the data for this mark.

The component also receives a children prop that should (usually) be returned in whatever parent container component makes sense for this mark (eg <a>, <em>).

// `components` object you'll pass to PortableText w/ optional TS definition
import {PortableTextComponents} from '@portabletext/react'

const components: PortableTextComponents = {
  marks: {
    // Ex. 1: custom renderer for the em / italics decorator
    em: ({children}) => <em className="text-gray-600 font-semibold">{children}</em>,

    // Ex. 2: rendering a custom `link` annotation
    link: ({value, children}) => {
      const target = (value?.href || '').startsWith('http') ? '_blank' : undefined
      return (
        <a href={value?.href} target={target} rel={target === '_blank' && 'noindex nofollow'}>
          {children}
        </a>
      )
    },
  },
}

block

An object of React components that renders portable text blocks with different style properties. The object has the shape {styleName: ReactComponent}, where styleName is the value set in individual style attributes on blocks (normal being the default).

// `components` object you'll pass to PortableText
const components = {
  block: {
    // Ex. 1: customizing common block types
    h1: ({children}) => <h1 className="text-2xl">{children}</h1>,
    blockquote: ({children}) => <blockquote className="border-l-purple-500">{children}</blockquote>,

    // Ex. 2: rendering custom styles
    customHeading: ({children}) => (
      <h2 className="text-lg text-primary text-purple-700">{children}</h2>
    ),
  },
}

The block object can also be set to a single React component, which would handle block styles of any type.

list

Object of React components used to render lists of different types (bullet vs number, for instance, which by default is <ul> and <ol>, respectively).

Note that there is no actual "list" node type in the Portable Text specification, but a series of list item blocks with the same level and listItem properties will be grouped into a virtual one inside of this library.

const components = {
  list: {
    // Ex. 1: customizing common list types
    bullet: ({children}) => <ul className="mt-xl">{children}</ul>,
    number: ({children}) => <ol className="mt-lg">{children}</ol>,

    // Ex. 2: rendering custom lists
    checkmarks: ({children}) => <ol className="m-auto text-lg">{children}</ol>,
  },
}

The list property can also be set to a single React component, which would handle lists of any type.

listItem

Object of React components used to render different list item styles. The object has the shape {listItemType: ReactComponent}, where listItemType is the value set in individual listItem attributes on blocks.

const components = {
  listItem: {
    // Ex. 1: customizing common list types
    bullet: ({children}) => <li style={{listStyleType: 'disclosure-closed'}}>{children}</li>,

    // Ex. 2: rendering custom list items
    checkmarks: ({children}) => <li>✅ {children}</li>,
  },
}

The listItem property can also be set to a single React component, which would handle list items of any type.

hardBreak

Component to use for rendering "hard breaks", eg \n inside of text spans.

Will by default render a <br />. Pass false to render as-is (\n)

unknownMark

React component used when encountering a mark type there is no registered component for in the components.marks prop.

unknownType

React component used when encountering an object type there is no registered component for in the components.types prop.

unknownBlockStyle

React component used when encountering a block style there is no registered component for in the components.block prop. Only used if components.block is an object.

unknownList

React component used when encountering a list style there is no registered component for in the components.list prop. Only used if components.list is an object.

unknownListItem

React component used when encountering a list item style there is no registered component for in the components.listItem prop. Only used if components.listItem is an object.

Disabling warnings / handling unknown types

When the library encounters a block, mark, list or list item with a type that is not known (eg it has no corresponding component in the components property), it will by default print a console warning.

To disable this behavior, you can either pass false to the onMissingComponent property, or give it a custom function you want to use to report the error. For instance:

import {PortableText} from '@portabletext/react'

<PortableText
  value={[/* array of portable text blocks */]}
  onMissingComponent={false}
/>

// or, pass it a function:

<PortableText
  value={[/* array of portable text blocks */]}
  onMissingComponent={(message, options) => {
    myErrorLogger.report(message, {
      // eg `someUnknownType`
      type: options.type,

      // 'block' | 'mark' | 'blockStyle' | 'listStyle' | 'listItemStyle'
      nodeType: options.nodeType
    })
  }}
/>

Rendering Plain Text

This module also exports a function (toPlainText()) that will render one or more Portable Text blocks as plain text. This is helpful in cases where formatted text is not supported, or you need to process the raw text value.

For instance, to render an OpenGraph meta description for a page:

import {toPlainText} from '@portabletext/react'

const MetaDescription = (myPortableTextData) => {
  return <meta name="og:description" value={toPlainText(myPortableTextData)} />
}

Or to generate element IDs for headers, in order for them to be linkable:

import {PortableText, toPlainText, PortableTextComponents} from '@portabletext/react'
import slugify from 'slugify'

const LinkableHeader = ({children, value}) => {
  // `value` is the single Portable Text block of this header
  const slug = slugify(toPlainText(value))
  return <h2 id={slug}>{children}</h2>
}

const components: PortableTextComponents = {
  block: {
    h2: LinkableHeader,
  },
}

Typing Portable Text

Portable Text data can be typed using the @portabletext/types package.

Basic usage

Use PortableTextBlock without generics for loosely typed defaults.

import {PortableTextBlock} from '@portabletext/types'

interface MySanityDocument {
  portableTextField: (PortableTextBlock | SomeBlockType)[]
}

Narrow types, marks, inline-blocks and lists

PortableTextBlock supports generics, and has the following signature:

interface PortableTextBlock<
  M extends PortableTextMarkDefinition = PortableTextMarkDefinition,
  C extends TypedObject = ArbitraryTypedObject | PortableTextSpan,
  S extends string = PortableTextBlockStyle,
  L extends string = PortableTextListItemType,
> {}

Create your own, narrowed Portable text type:

import {PortableTextBlock, PortableTextMarkDefinition, PortableTextSpan} from '@portabletext/types'

// MARKS
interface FirstMark extends PortableTextMarkDefinition {
  _type: 'firstMark'
  // ...other fields
}

interface SecondMark extends PortableTextMarkDefinition {
  _type: 'secondMark'
  // ...other fields
}

type CustomMarks = FirstMark | SecondMark

// INLINE BLOCKS

interface MyInlineBlock {
  _type: 'myInlineBlock'
  // ...other fields
}

type InlineBlocks = PortableTextSpan | MyInlineBlock

// STYLES

type TextStyles = 'normal' | 'h1' | 'myCustomStyle'

// LISTS

type ListStyles = 'bullet' | 'myCustomList'

// CUSTOM PORTABLE TEXT BLOCK

// Putting it all together by specifying generics
// all of these are valid:
// type CustomPortableTextBlock = PortableTextBlock<CustomMarks>
// type CustomPortableTextBlock = PortableTextBlock<CustomMarks, InlineBlocks>
// type CustomPortableTextBlock = PortableTextBlock<CustomMarks, InlineBlocks, TextStyles>
type CustomPortableTextBlock = PortableTextBlock<CustomMarks, InlineBlocks, TextStyles, ListStyles>

// Other BLOCKS that can appear inbetween text

interface MyCustomBlock {
  _type: 'myCustomBlock'
  // ...other fields
}

// TYPE FOR PORTABLE TEXT FIELD ITEMS
type PortableTextFieldType = CustomPortableTextBlock | MyCustomBlock

// Using it in your document type
interface MyDocumentType {
  portableTextField: PortableTextFieldType[]
}

License

MIT © Sanity.io