@solana/codecs-strings

@solana/codecs-strings

This package contains codecs for strings of different sizes and encodings. It can be used standalone, but it is also exported as part of the Solana JavaScript SDK @solana/web3.js@experimental.

This package is also part of the @solana/codecs package which acts as an entry point for all codec packages as well as for their documentation.

String helper codec

The getStringCodec function returns a Codec<string> that can be used to encode strings using various encodings and size strategies. It contains the following options:

• encoding: A VariableSizeCodec<string> responsible for encoding and decoding a string in a specific way without worrying about its size. Examples are UTF-8, base58, base64, etc. You can see all available encodings below in this documentation.
• size: This option tells the codec how long the string goes on for in the byte array. It can be one of the following three strategies:
  • Codec<number>: When a number codec is provided, that codec will be used to encode and decode a size prefix for that string. This prefix allows us to know when to stop reading the string when decoding a given byte array.
  • number: When a fixed number is provided, a FixedSizeCodec of that size will be returned such that exactly that amount of bytes will be used to encode and decode the string.
  • "variable": When the string "variable" is passed as a size, a VariableSizeCodec will be returned without any size boundary. That is, when providing a byte array to decode, the entire byte array will be decoded as a string.

When using getStringCodec without any options, the default encoding used is UTF-8 and the default size strategy used is a u32 prefix codec.

const bytes = getStringCodec().encode('hello');
// 0x0500000068656c6c6f
//   |       └-- The 5 bytes of content.
//   └-- 4-byte prefix telling us to read 5 bytes.

const value = getStringCodec().decode(bytes);
// "hello"

We can use the size option to provide a different integer codec for the prefix.

getStringCodec({ size: getU8Codec() }).encode('hello');
// 0x0568656c6c6f
//   | └-- The 5 bytes of content.
//   └-- 1-byte prefix telling us to read 5 bytes.

Or to provide a fixed size such that any string longer or smaller than that size will be truncated or padded respectively.

getStringCodec({ size: 5 }).encode('hello');
// 0x68656c6c6f
//   └-- The exact 5 bytes of content.

getStringCodec({ size: 5 }).encode('hello world');
// 0x68656c6c6f
//   └-- The truncated 5 bytes of content.

getStringCodec({ size: 5 }).encode('hell');
// 0x68656c6c00
//   └-- The padded 5 bytes of content.

Or to tell the codec we do not want to create a size boundary for our string.

getStringCodec({ size: 'variable' }).encode('hello');
// 0x68656c6c6f
//   └-- Any bytes necessary to encode our content.

On top of customizing the size, we may provide a custom encoding option like so.

getStringCodec({ encoding: getUtf8Codec() }).encode('hello');
// 0x0500000068656c6c6f (Default encoding).

getStringCodec({ encoding: getBase64Codec() }).encode('hello');
// 0x0300000085e965

getStringCodec({ encoding: getBase58Codec() }).encode('heLLo');
// 0x040000001b6a3070

Finally, separate getStringEncoder and getStringDecoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getStringEncoder().encode('hello');
const value = getStringDecoder().decode(bytes);

Utf8 codec

The getUtf8Codec function encodes and decodes a UTF-8 string to and from a byte array.

const bytes = getUtf8Codec().encode('hello'); // 0x68656c6c6f
const value = getUtf8Codec().decode(bytes); // "hello"

As usual, separate getUtf8Encoder and getUtf8Decoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getUtf8Encoder().encode('hello'); // 0x68656c6c6f
const value = getUtf8Decoder().decode(bytes); // "hello"

Base 64 codec

The getBase64Codec function encodes and decodes a base-64 string to and from a byte array.

const bytes = getBase64Codec().encode('hello+world'); // 0x85e965a3ec28ae57
const value = getBase64Codec().decode(bytes); // "hello+world"

As usual, separate getBase64Encoder and getBase64Decoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBase64Encoder().encode('hello+world'); // 0x85e965a3ec28ae57
const value = getBase64Decoder().decode(bytes); // "hello+world"

Base 58 codec

The getBase58Codec function encodes and decodes a base-58 string to and from a byte array.

const bytes = getBase58Codec().encode('heLLo'); // 0x1b6a3070
const value = getBase58Codec().decode(bytes); // "heLLo"

As usual, separate getBase58Encoder and getBase58Decoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBase58Encoder().encode('heLLo'); // 0x1b6a3070
const value = getBase58Decoder().decode(bytes); // "heLLo"

Base 16 codec

The getBase16Codec function encodes and decodes a base-16 string to and from a byte array.

const bytes = getBase16Codec().encode('deadface'); // 0xdeadface
const value = getBase16Codec().decode(bytes); // "deadface"

As usual, separate getBase16Encoder and getBase16Decoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBase16Encoder().encode('deadface'); // 0xdeadface
const value = getBase16Decoder().decode(bytes); // "deadface"

Base 10 codec

The getBase10Codec function encodes and decodes a base-10 string to and from a byte array.

const bytes = getBase10Codec().encode('1024'); // 0x0400
const value = getBase10Codec().decode(bytes); // "1024"

As usual, separate getBase10Encoder and getBase10Decoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBase10Encoder().encode('1024'); // 0x0400
const value = getBase10Decoder().decode(bytes); // "1024"

Base X codec

The getBaseXCodec accepts a custom alphabet of X characters and creates a base-X codec using that alphabet. It does so by iteratively dividing by X and handling leading zeros.

The base-10 and base-58 codecs use this base-x codec under the hood.

const alphabet = '0ehlo';
const bytes = getBaseXCodec(alphabet).encode('hello'); // 0x05bd
const value = getBaseXCodec(alphabet).decode(bytes); // "hello"

As usual, separate getBaseXEncoder and getBaseXDecoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBaseXEncoder(alphabet).encode('hello'); // 0x05bd
const value = getBaseXDecoder(alphabet).decode(bytes); // "hello"

Re-slicing base X codec

The getBaseXResliceCodec also creates a base-x codec but uses a different strategy. It re-slices bytes into custom chunks of bits that are then mapped to a provided alphabet. The number of bits per chunk is also provided and should typically be set to log2(alphabet.length).

This is typically used to create codecs whose alphabet’s length is a power of 2 such as base-16 or base-64.

const bytes = getBaseXResliceCodec('elho', 2).encode('hellolol'); // 0x4aee
const value = getBaseXResliceCodec('elho', 2).decode(bytes); // "hellolol"

As usual, separate getBaseXResliceEncoder and getBaseXResliceDecoder functions are also available.

const bytes = getBaseXResliceEncoder('elho', 2).encode('hellolol'); // 0x4aee
const value = getBaseXResliceDecoder('elho', 2).decode(bytes); // "hellolol"

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To read more about the available codecs and how to use them, check out the documentation of the main @solana/codecs package.