bandersnatch
Advanced tools
program()
.default(
command()
.description("What is bandersnatch?")
.action(() => console.log(description)),
)
.run();
$ ./bandersnatch
Simple and intuitive yet powerful and versatile framework for Node.js CLI programs
foo) and nested commands (e.g. foo bar)# Add dependency
yarn|npm add bandersnatch
[!NOTE] We recommend using an Active LTS or Maintenance LTS Node.js version. Current versions are tested, but not guaranteed to work.
Let's create a simple program foo.js:
import { program, command } from "bandersnatch";
const cmd = command()
.default()
.description('Outputs "bar".')
.action(() => console.log("bar"));
const app = program().description("foo").add(cmd);
app.run();
This creates a new program, adds a default command which logs "bar" to the stdout, and runs the program.
Now try your program by running it:
$ node foo.js
bar
Try running node foo.js --help to see the auto-generated help output:
$ node foo.js help
foo.js
Outputs "bar".
Commands:
foo.js Outputs "bar". [default]
Options:
--help Show help [boolean]
--version Show version number [boolean]
We first create a new program called cat.js which is a naive version of the
cat program we all know:
import { readFileSync } from "fs";
import { program, command } from "bandersnatch";
const cat = command("cat")
.description("Concatenate files")
.argument("files", { variadic: true })
.action(({ files }) =>
console.log(
files.reduce((str, file) => str + readFileSync(file, "utf8"), ""),
),
);
program().default(cat).run();
Now try your program by running it:
$ node cat.js somefile
contents of somefile
However, when somefile doesn't exist, we get are faced with an ugly unhandled
promise rejection warning/error (depending on the Node.js version you're using).
Let's fix that:
-program().default(cat).run()
+program()
+ .default(cat)
+ .run()
+ .catch((err) => {
+ console.error(`There was a problem running this command:\n${String(err)}`)
+ process.exit(1)
+ })
Which will yield:
$ node cat.js somefile
There was a problem running this command:
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, open 'somefile'
A program can also show an interactive REPL to make interacting with more complex programs easier and to enable autocompleting of commands and arguments.
Let's create a new program dice.js with a command to roll a dice:
import { program, command } from "bandersnatch";
async function rng(bounds) {
const [min, max] = bounds;
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
}
const dice = program().add(
command("roll")
.option("min", { default: 1 })
.option("max", { default: 6 })
.action(async (args) => {
console.log(await rng([args.min, args.max]));
}),
);
dice.repl();
This code defines a program dice and a command roll with two options, both
of which will inherit a default value. When the command is executed, it calls an
async random number generator (async only for illustrative purposes) and writes
its results to stdout.
The last line in our code runs the program as a interactive REPL, which means it won't accept any arguments on the command line, but render a prompt instead. This prompt will read any user input, parse it, and execute matching commands.
Try rolling the dice:
$ node dice.js
> roll
5
The REPL can autocomplete commands, arguments, options and choices. Try typing
only the letter r and then hit TAB. This works for options as well:
$ node dice.js
> r
[TAB]
> roll -
[TAB]
> roll --m
[TAB] [TAB]
--min --max
Bandersnatch can also ask a user for input if arguments were not provided on the command line:
Let's say we want to write a program pizza.js which takes pizza orders:
import { program, command } from "bandersnatch";
const cmd = command()
.argument("address", {
prompt: "Your address",
})
.option("name", {
description: "Your name",
default: "anonymous",
prompt: true,
})
.option("size", {
description: "Choose pizza size",
choices: ["small", "medium", "large"],
default: "medium",
prompt: true,
})
.option("toppings", {
description: "Pick some toppings",
choices: ["mozzarella", "pepperoni", "veggies"],
default: ["mozzarella"],
prompt: true,
})
.option("confirmed", {
description: "Order pizza?",
default: true,
prompt: true,
})
.action((args) => {
console.log(args);
});
program().description("Order a pizza").default(cmd).run();
And run it:
$ node pizza.js
? Your address The Netherlands
? Your name Joram
? Choose pizza size small
? Pick some toppings veggies
? Order pizza? Yes
{
name: 'Joram',
size: 'small',
toppings: [ 'veggies' ],
confirmed: true,
address: 'The Netherlands'
}
You can choose to specify parameters on the command line, in which case you won't get a prompt for these options:
$ node pizza.js "The Netherlands" --name Joram --confirmed
? Choose pizza size small
? Pick some toppings veggies
? Order pizza? Yes
{
name: 'Joram',
size: 'small',
toppings: [ 'veggies' ],
confirmed: true,
address: 'The Netherlands'
}
[!WARNING] Please note that even though
--confirmedwas specified on the command line, it was still being prompted. This is a known issue. In this case, the default value was the same as the input, in which case bandersnatch doesn't know whether a value was explicitly passed in or inherited from the default value.
Bandersnatch works perfectly well with non-TypeScript codebases. However, when you do use TypeScript the command arguments are fully typed.
Let's rename the example program to pizza.ts and add some minor type hints to
illustrate this:
.option('size', {
description: 'Choose pizza size',
- choices: ['small', 'medium', 'large'],
+ choices: ['small', 'medium', 'large'] as const,
default: 'medium',
prompt: true,
})
.option('toppings', {
description: 'Pick some toppings',
- choices: ['mozzarella', 'pepperoni', 'veggies'],
+ choices: ['mozzarella', 'pepperoni', 'veggies'] as const,
default: ['mozzarella'],
prompt: true,
})
The first argument passed to the action handler function is now typed like this:
type Args = {
address: string;
name: string;
size: "small" | "medium" | "large";
toppings: ("mozzarella" | "pepperoni" | "veggies")[];
confirmed: boolean;
};
[!TIP] More examples in the examples directory.
All methods are chainable unless the docs mention otherwise.
program(options)Creates a new program. Options (object, optional) can contain these keys:
description (string, optional) is used in help output.prompt (string, default: > ) use this prompt prefix when in REPL mode.help (boolean, default: true) adds help and --help to the program which
displays program usage information.version (boolean, default: true) adds version and --version to the
program which displays program version from package.json.historyFile (string | null, default: {homedir}/.bandersnatch_history) is a
path to the app history file. Set to NULL to disable.exit (boolean | () => void, default: () => process.exit()) Specifies whether
to add a default behaviour for an exit command. false disables the default
implementation, a custom function will be installed as the actual handler.parserConfiguration (object, optional) can be used to modify the parser
configuration. For available options, see
program.description(description)Sets the program description (string, required) used in help output.
program.prompt(prompt)Use this prompt prefix (string, required) when in REPL mode.
program.add(command)Adds a command to the program.
program().add(command(...))
program.default(command)Adds a default command to the program. Shorthand for:
program().add(command(...).default())
program.run(command)Uses process.argv or passed in command (string, optional) to match and execute command. Returns promise.
program()
.add(command(...))
.run()
program.repl()Start a read-eval-print loop. Returns promise-like REPL instance.
program()
.add(command(...))
.repl()
program.runOrRepl()Invokes run() if process.argv is set, repl() otherwise. Returns promise or
promise-like REPL instance.
program()
.add(command(...))
.runOrRepl()
program.isRepl()Returns true if program is running a REPL loop, false otherwise.
program.on(event, listener)Attaches a listener function for the event. Currently, these events are supported:
// Fired before a command action is invoked
program().on("run", (cmd) => logger.debug(`Running ${cmd}`));
command(name, options)Creates a new command.
description (string) is used in help output.hidden (boolean) hide command from help output and autocomplete.command.description(description)Sets the command description (string, required) used in help output.
command.hidden()Hide command from help output and autocomplete.
command.argument(name, options)Adds a positional argument to the command.
description (string) is used in help output.optional (boolean) makes this argument optional.variadic (boolean) eagerly take all remaining arguments and parse as an
array. Only valid for the last argument.type (string) one of "boolean"|"number"|"string" which determines the
runtime type of the argument.default (any) default value for the argument.choices (array) any input value should be included in the array, or it
will be rejected.prompt (boolean|string) prompts for missing arguments. If it is true, it
will use the arguments description or name as the question text. If it is a
string, it will be used as the question text.alias (string|array) alias or aliases for the argument.coerce (function) transform function for this argument value (untyped).requires (string|array) make another option or argument required if the
argument is presentexcludes (string|array) exclude another options or argument if the
argument is presentcommand.option(name, options)Adds an option to the command.
description (string) is used in help output.type (string) one of "array"|"boolean"|"count"|"number"|"string" which
determines the runtime type of the argument. Use count for the number of
times an option was provided (e.g. verbosity levels).default (any) default value for the argument.choices (array) any input value should be included in the array, or it
will be rejected.prompt (boolean|string) prompts for missing arguments. If it is true, it
will use the arguments description or name as the question text. If it is a
string, it will be used as the question text.alias (string|array) alias or aliases for the option.coerce (function) transform function for this option value (untyped).required (boolean) makes the option required.requires (string|array) make another option or argument required if the
option is presentexcludes (string|array) exclude another options or argument if the option
is presentcommand.add(command)Adds a sub-command to the command.
command.default()Mark command as default. Default commands are executed immediately and don't require a name.
command.action(function)Function which executes when the command is invoked. Is called with these arguments:
In general, bandersnatch is designed to create twelve-factor apps.
The bandersnatch API allows to catch errors in a promise-like way. The run and
repl program methods return either a promise or promise-like object which can
be used to handle program errors:
program()
.default(
command()
.description("This command will always fail")
.action(function () {
throw new Error("Whoops");
}),
)
.runOrRepl()
.catch((error) => {
console.error("[failed]", String(error));
if (!app.isRepl()) {
process.exit(1);
}
});
Programs are encouraged to use the following conventions with regards to output, based on the POSIX standard.
Bandersnatch has no built-in method for writing to stdout/stderr. Node.js provides everything you need.
There are many options to bundle your application for distribution. We'll discuss a common pattern.
[!TIP] An example can be found in the examples/bundle directory.
Init a package.json if needed:
mkdir echo && cd echo
yarn init
Install dependencies:
yarn add bandersnatch
yarn add typescript @types/node pkg --dev
And create an example app in src/cli.ts:
import { program, command } from "bandersnatch";
export default program().default(
command("echo")
.description("Echo something in the terminal")
.argument("words", { description: "Say some kind words", variadic: true })
.action(console.log),
);
Building your app with TypeScript is very powerful, but runtime compilation is slow so we compile the code ahead of time.
Add a tsconfig.json, similar to:
{
"include": ["./src"],
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es2017",
"module": "commonjs",
"lib": ["es2017"],
"declaration": true,
"outDir": "dist",
"rootDir": "src",
"strict": true,
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"moduleResolution": "node"
}
}
Add these scripts to your package.json:
{
"name": "echo",
"version": "1.0.0",
"main": "index.js",
"license": "MIT",
+ "scripts": {
+ "prepublishOnly": "yarn build",
+ "build": "tsc",
+ },
"dependencies": {
"bandersnatch": "^1.0.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"pkg": "^5.3.1",
"typescript": "^4.4.2"
}
}
And compile now by running yarn build.
Next, we need to create a simple entry point echo.js, which can be run with
node:
#!/usr/bin/env node
require('./dist/cli').default.run()
To run your app, users may want to run yarn global add echo. For this to work,
we need to make a small adjustment to package.json:
{
"name": "echo",
"version": "1.0.0",
- "main": "index.js",
+ "bin": "echo.js",
+ "files": [
+ "dist"
+ ],
"license": "MIT",
"scripts": {
"prepublishOnly": "yarn build",
"build": "tsc",
},
"dependencies": {
"bandersnatch": "^1.0.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"pkg": "^5.3.1",
"typescript": "^4.4.2"
}
}
You can now npm publish.
To create a binary (your app with Node.js bundled), add this script to
package.json:
{
"name": "echo",
"version": "1.0.0",
"bin": "echo.js",
"files": [
"dist"
],
"license": "MIT",
"scripts": {
"prepublishOnly": "yarn build",
"build": "tsc",
+ "bundle": "yarn build && pkg -t host ."
},
"dependencies": {
"bandersnatch": "^1.0.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"pkg": "^5.3.1",
"typescript": "^4.4.2"
}
}
[!TIP] Omit
-t hostto create binaries for all platforms.
Run yarn bundle and then ./echo --help. 💪
Optionally deploy to GitHub, S3, etc. using your preferred CD method if needed.
See TODO.md
Contributions are very welcome. Please use conventional commits.
# Clone and install
git clone git@github.com:hongaar/bandersnatch.git
cd bandersnatch
yarn install
yarn husky install
# Run an example
yarn start examples/foo.ts
A devcontainer configuration is included in this repo to get started quickly.
©️ Copyright 2022 Joram van den Boezem
♻️ Licensed under the MIT license
💡 Inspired by vorpal
⚡ Powered by yargs and
enquirer
FAQs
Simple TypeScript CLI / REPL framework
The npm package bandersnatch receives a total of 127 weekly downloads. As such, bandersnatch popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that bandersnatch demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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