convict

What is convict?

Convict is a configuration management tool for Node.js applications. It allows you to define a schema for your configuration files, validate them, and load them from various sources such as JSON files, environment variables, or command-line arguments.

What are convict's main functionalities?

Define a Configuration Schema

This feature allows you to define a schema for your configuration. The schema can include various types of data such as strings, numbers, and arrays. You can also specify default values and environment variables.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

console.log(config.get('env'));

Load Configuration from Multiple Sources

Convict allows you to load configuration from multiple sources such as JSON files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. This makes it easy to manage configuration in different environments.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

config.loadFile('./config.json');
config.load({ port: 3000 });

console.log(config.get('port'));

Validate Configuration

Convict can validate your configuration against the schema you defined. This ensures that your configuration is correct and helps prevent runtime errors.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

config.validate({ allowed: 'strict' });

console.log('Configuration is valid');

Other packages similar to convict

config

The 'config' package is another popular configuration management tool for Node.js. It allows you to define configuration files for different environments and load them based on the current environment. Unlike Convict, it does not provide schema validation out of the box.

dotenv

The 'dotenv' package is a simple module that loads environment variables from a .env file into process.env. It is more lightweight compared to Convict and does not provide schema validation or support for multiple configuration sources.

nconf

The 'nconf' package is a hierarchical configuration manager for Node.js. It allows you to load configuration from multiple sources and provides a flexible way to manage configuration. However, it does not provide schema validation like Convict.

README

node-convict

Convict expands on the standard pattern of configuring node.js applications in a way that is more robust and accessible to collaborators, who may have less interest in digging through imperative code in order to inspect or modify settings. By introducting a configuration schema, convict gives project collaborators more context on each setting and enables validation and early failures for when configuration goes wrong.

Features

• Loading and merging: configurations are loaded from disk or inline and merged. JSON files are loaded with cjson so comments are welcome.
• Environmental variables: values can be set from environmental variables
• Validation: configurations are validated against your schema, generating an error report with all errors that are found

Example:

var convict = require('convict');
var http = require('http');

// define a schema

var conf = convict({
  env: {
    doc: "The applicaton environment.",
    format: ["production", "development", "test"],
    default: "development",
    env: "NODE_ENV"
  },
  ip: {
    doc: "The IP address to bind.",
    format: "ipaddress",
    default: "127.0.0.1",
    env: "IP_ADDRESS",
  },
  port: {
    doc: "The port to bind.",
    format: "port",
    default: 0,
    env: "PORT"
  }
});


// load environment dependent configuration

var env = conf.get('env');
conf.loadFile('./config/' + env + '.json');

// perform validation

conf.validate();

var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end('Hello World\n');
});

// consume
server.listen(conf.get('port'), conf.get('ip'), function(x) {
  var addy = server.address();
  console.log('running on http://' + addy.address + ":" + addy.port);
});

Schema

A configuration module could look like this:

config.js:

var config = module.exports = convict({
  env: {
    doc: "The application environment.",
    format: ["production", "development", "test"],
    default: "development",
    env: "NODE_ENV"
  }
});

config.loadFile(['./prod.json', './config.json']);

You'll notice that each setting in the schema has four possible properties, each aiding in convict's goal of being more robust and collaborator friendly.

• Type information: the format property specifies either a built-in convict format (ipaddress, port, int, etc.), or it can be a function to check a custom format. During validation, if a format check fails it will be added to the error report.
• Default values: Every setting must have a default value.
• Environmental variables: If the variable specified by env has a value, it will overwrite the setting's default value.
• Documentation: The doc property is pretty self-explanatory. The nice part about having it in the schema rather than as a comment is that we can call conf.toSchemaString() and have it displayed in the output.

Validation

In order to help detect misconfigurations, convict allows you to define a format for each setting. By defualt, convict checks if the value of the property has the same typeof value as the default value specified in the schema. You can define a custom format checking function in the schema by setting the format property.

convict provides serveral predefined formats for validation that you can use (using node-validator and moment.js). Most of them are self-explanatory:

• * - any value is valid
• int
• port
• url
• email
• ipaddress - IPv4 addresses
• duration - miliseconds or a human readable string (e.g. "5 days")
• timestamp - Unix timestamps or date strings recognized by moment.js
• nat - positive integer (natural number)

If format is set to one of the built-in JavaScript constructors, Object, Array, String, Number, or Boolean, validation will use Object.prototype.toString.call to check that the setting is the proper type.

You can also provide your own format checking function. For example:

var check = require('validator').check;

var conf = convict({
    key: {
      doc: "API key",
      format: function (val) {
        check(val, 'should be a 64 character hex key').regex(/^[a-fA-F0-9]{64}$/);
      },
      default: '3cec609c9bc601c047af917a544645c50caf8cd606806b4e0a23312441014deb'
    }
  });

Coercion

Convict will automatically coerce environmental variables from strings to their proper types when importing them. For instance, values with the format int, nat, port, or Number will become numbers after a straight forward parseInt or parseFloat. duration and timestamp are also parse and converted into numbers, though they utilize moment.js for date parsing.

API

var config = convict(schema)

convict() takes a schema object and returns a convict configuration object. The configuration object has an API for getting and setting values, described below.

config.get(name)

Returns the value of the name property. name can use dot notation to reference nested values. E.g.:

config.get('database.host');

// or

config.get('database').host;

config.has(name)

Returns true if the property name is defined, or false otherwise. E.g.:

if (config.has('some.property')) {
  // do something
}

config.set(name, value)

Sets the value of name to value. name can use dot notation to reference nested values, e.g. "database.port". If objects in the chain don't yet exist, they will be initialized to empty objects. E.g.:

config.set('property.that.may.not.exist.yet', 'some value');
config.get('property.that.may.not.exist.yet');
// returns "some value"

config.load(object)

This will load and merge a JavaScript object into config. E.g.:

config.load({
  "env": "test",
  "ip": "127.0.0.1",
  "port": 80
});

config.loadFile(file or [file1, file2, ...])

This will load and merge one or multiple JSON configuration files into config. JSON files are loaded using cjson, so they can contain comments. E.g.:

conf.loadFile('./config/' + conf.get('env') + '.json');

Or, loading multiple files at once:

// CONFIG_FILES=/path/to/production.json,/path/to/secrets.json,/path/to/sitespecific.json
conf.loadFile(process.env.CONFIG_FILES.split(','));

config.validate()

Validates config against the schema used to initialize it. All errors are collected and thrown at once.