convict

What is convict?

Convict is a configuration management tool for Node.js applications. It allows you to define a schema for your configuration files, validate them, and load them from various sources such as JSON files, environment variables, or command-line arguments.

What are convict's main functionalities?

Define a Configuration Schema

This feature allows you to define a schema for your configuration. The schema can include various types of data such as strings, numbers, and arrays. You can also specify default values and environment variables.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

console.log(config.get('env'));

Load Configuration from Multiple Sources

Convict allows you to load configuration from multiple sources such as JSON files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. This makes it easy to manage configuration in different environments.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

config.loadFile('./config.json');
config.load({ port: 3000 });

console.log(config.get('port'));

Validate Configuration

Convict can validate your configuration against the schema you defined. This ensures that your configuration is correct and helps prevent runtime errors.

const convict = require('convict');

const config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: 'The application environment.',
    format: ['production', 'development', 'test'],
    default: 'development',
    env: 'NODE_ENV'
  },
  port: {
    doc: 'The port to bind.',
    format: 'port',
    default: 8080,
    env: 'PORT'
  }
});

config.validate({ allowed: 'strict' });

console.log('Configuration is valid');

Other packages similar to convict

config

The 'config' package is another popular configuration management tool for Node.js. It allows you to define configuration files for different environments and load them based on the current environment. Unlike Convict, it does not provide schema validation out of the box.

dotenv

The 'dotenv' package is a simple module that loads environment variables from a .env file into process.env. It is more lightweight compared to Convict and does not provide schema validation or support for multiple configuration sources.

nconf

The 'nconf' package is a hierarchical configuration manager for Node.js. It allows you to load configuration from multiple sources and provides a flexible way to manage configuration. However, it does not provide schema validation like Convict.

README

Node-convict

Convict expands on the standard pattern of configuring node.js applications in a way that is more robust and accessible to collaborators, who may have less interest in digging through imperative code in order to inspect or modify settings. By introducing a configuration schema, convict gives project collaborators more context on each setting and enables validation and early failures for when configuration goes wrong.

Features

• Loading and merging: configurations are loaded from disk or inline and merged
• Nested structure: keys and values can be organized in a tree structure
• Environmental variables: values can be derived from environmental variables
• Command-line arguments: values can also be derived from command-line arguments
• Validation: configurations are validated against your schema (presence checking, type checking, custom checking), generating an error report with all errors that are found
• Comments allowed: schema and configuration files can be either in the JSON format or in the newer JSON5 format, so comments are welcome
• Configuration file additional types support: custom file type support can be used for the configuration file

Install

npm install convict

Usage

An example config.js file:

var convict = require('convict');

// Define a schema
var config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: "The application environment.",
    format: ["production", "development", "test"],
    default: "development",
    env: "NODE_ENV"
  },
  ip: {
    doc: "The IP address to bind.",
    format: "ipaddress",
    default: "127.0.0.1",
    env: "IP_ADDRESS",
  },
  port: {
    doc: "The port to bind.",
    format: "port",
    default: 8080,
    env: "PORT",
    arg: "port"
  },
  db: {
    host: {
      doc: "Database host name/IP",
      format: '*',
      default: 'server1.dev.test'
    },
    name: {
      doc: "Database name",
      format: String,
      default: 'users'
    }
  }
});

// Load environment dependent configuration
var env = config.get('env');
config.loadFile('./config/' + env + '.json');

// Perform validation
config.validate({allowed: 'strict'});

module.exports = config;

An example server.js file leveraging the config.js file above:

var http = require('http');
var config = require('./config.js');

var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
  res.end('Hello World\n');
});

// Consume
server.listen(config.get('port'), config.get('ip'), function(x) {
  var addy = server.address();
  console.log('running on http://' + addy.address + ":" + addy.port);
});

To launch your example server, and set a port:

node ./server.js --port 8080

Note: arguments must be supplied with the double-hyphen --arg. (Single hypen's are not supported at this time)

The Schema

A configuration module, with its deep nested schema, could look like this:

config.js:

var config = convict({
  db: {
    name: {
      format: String,
      default: ''
    },
    synchro: {
      active: {
        format: 'Boolean',
        default: false
      },
      remote_url: {
        format: 'url',
        default: 'http://localhost:8080/'
      }
    }
  },
  secret: {
    doc: 'Secret used for session cookies and CSRF tokens',
    format: '*',
    default: '',
    sensitive: true
  }
});

config.loadFile(['./prod.json', './config.json']);

Each setting in the schema has the following possible properties, each aiding in convict's goal of being more robust and collaborator friendly.

• Type information: the format property specifies either a built-in convict format (ipaddress, port, int, etc.), or it can be a function to check a custom format. During validation, if a format check fails it will be added to the error report.
• Default values: Every setting must have a default value.
• Environmental variables: If the variable specified by env has a value, it will overwrite the setting's default value. An environment variable may not be mapped to more than one setting.
• Command-line arguments: If the command-line argument specified by arg is supplied, it will overwrite the setting's default value or the value derived from env.
• Documentation: The doc property is pretty self-explanatory. The nice part about having it in the schema rather than as a comment is that we can call config.getSchemaString() and have it displayed in the output.
• Sensitive values and secrets: If sensitive is set to true, this value will be masked to "[Sensitive]" when config.toString() is called. This helps avoid disclosing secret keys when printing configuration at application start for debugging purposes.

Validation

In order to help detect misconfigurations, convict allows you to define a format for each setting. By default, convict checks if the value of the property has the same type (according to Object.prototype.toString.call) as the default value specified in the schema. You can define a custom format checking function in the schema by setting the format property.

convict provides several predefined formats for validation that you can use (using node-validator and moment.js). Most of them are self-explanatory:

• * - any value is valid
• int
• port
• windows_named_pipe
• port_or_windows_named_pipe
• url
• email
• ipaddress - IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
• duration - milliseconds or a human readable string (e.g. 3000, "5 days")
• timestamp - Unix timestamps or date strings recognized by moment.js
• nat - positive integer (natural number)

If format is set to one of the built-in JavaScript constructors, Object, Array, String, Number, RegExp, or Boolean, validation will use Object.prototype.toString.call to check that the setting is the proper type.

Custom format checking

You can specify a custom format checking method on a property basis.

For example:

var config = convict({
  key: {
    doc: "API key",
    format: function check (val) {
      if (!/^[a-fA-F0-9]{64}$/.test(val)) {
        throw new Error('must be a 64 character hex key')
      }
    },
    default: '3cec609c9bc601c047af917a544645c50caf8cd606806b4e0a23312441014deb'
  },
  name: {
    doc: "user name",
    format: function check (val) {
      if (typeof val.first_name !== 'string') {
        throw new TypeError(`first name '${val.first_name}' is not a string`);
      }
      if (typeof val.last_name !== 'string') {
        throw new TypeError(`last name '${val.last_name}' is not a string`);
      }
    },
    default: {
      first_name: 'John',
      last_name: 'Doe'
    }
  }
});

Or, you can use convict.addFormat() to register a custom format checking method that can be reused for many different properties:

convict.addFormat({
  name: 'float-percent',
  validate: function(val) {
    if (val !== 0 && (!val || val > 1 || val < 0)) {
      throw new Error('must be a float between 0 and 1, inclusive');
    }
  },
  coerce: function(val) {
    return parseFloat(val, 10);
  }
});

var config = convict({
  space_used: {
    format: 'float-percent',
    default: 0.5
  },
  success_rate: {
    format: 'float-percent',
    default: 60.0
  }
});

The coerce function is optional.

Coercion

Convict will automatically coerce environmental variables from strings to their proper types when importing them. For instance, values with the format int, nat, port, or Number will become numbers after a straight forward parseInt or parseFloat. duration and timestamp are also parse and converted into numbers, though they utilize moment.js for date parsing.

Precendence order

When merging configuration values from different sources, Convict follows precedence rules. The order, from lowest to highest, is:

1. Default value
2. File (config.loadFile())
3. Environment variables (only used when env property is set in schema; can be overridden using the env option of the convict function)
4. Command line arguments (only used when arg property is set in schema; can be overridden using the args option of the convict function)
5. Set and load calls (config.set() and config.load())

Configuration file additional types support

Convict is able to parse files with custom file types during loadFile. For this specify the corresponding parsers with the associated file extensions.

convict.addParser({ extension: 'toml', parse: toml.parse });
convict.addParser({ extension: ['yml', 'yaml'], parse: yaml.safeLoad });
convict.addParser([
  { extension: 'json', parse: JSON.parse },
  { extension: 'json5', parse: json5.parse },
  { extension: ['yml', 'yaml'], parse: yaml.safeLoad },
  { extension: 'toml', parse: toml.parse }
]);

const config = convict({ ... });
config.loadFile('config.toml');

If no supported extension is detected, loadFile will fallback to using the default json5 parser for backward compatibility.

API

var config = convict(schema)

convict() takes a schema object or a path to a schema JSON file and returns a convict configuration object. JSON files are loaded using JSON5, so they can contain comments.

The configuration object has an API for getting and setting values, described below.

var config = convict({
  env: {
    doc: "The applicaton environment.",
    format: ["production", "development", "test"],
    default: "development",
    env: "NODE_ENV"
  },
  log_file_path: {
    "doc": "Log file path",
    "format": String,
    "default": "/tmp/app.log"
  }
});

// or
config = convict('/some/path/to/a/config-schema.json');

convict.addParser(parser or parserArray)

Adds new parsers for custom file extensions

convict.addFormat(format)

Adds a new custom format.

config.addFormats(formatArray)

Adds new custom formats.

config.get(name)

Returns the current value of the name property. name can use dot notation to reference nested values. E.g.:

config.get('db.host');

// or
config.get('db').host;

config.default(name)

Returns the default value of the name property. name can use dot notation to reference nested values. E.g.:

config.default('server.port');

config.reset(name)

Resets a property to its default value as defined in the schema. E.g.:

config.reset('server.port');

config.has(name)

Returns true if the property name is defined, or false otherwise. E.g.:

if (config.has('some.property')) {
  // Do something
}

config.set(name, value)

Sets the value of name to value. name can use dot notation to reference nested values, e.g. "db.port". If objects in the chain don't yet exist, they will be initialized to empty objects. E.g.:

config.set('property.that.may.not.exist.yet', 'some value');
config.get('property.that.may.not.exist.yet');
// Returns "some value"

config.load(object)

Loads and merges a JavaScript object into config. E.g.:

config.load({
  "env": "test",
  "ip": "127.0.0.1",
  "port": 80
});

config.loadFile(file or fileArray)

Loads and merges one or multiple JSON configuration files into config. JSON files are loaded using JSON5, so they can contain comments. E.g.:

config.loadFile('./config/' + conf.get('env') + '.json');

Or, loading multiple files at once:

// CONFIG_FILES=/path/to/production.json,/path/to/secrets.json,/path/to/sitespecific.json
config.loadFile(process.env.CONFIG_FILES.split(','));

config.validate([options])

Validates config against the schema used to initialize it. All errors are collected and thrown or displayed at once.

allowed option

1. warn: If set to warn (that is {allowed: 'warn'} is passed), any properties specified in config files that are not declared in the schema will print a warning. This is the default behavior.

2. strict: If set to strict (that is {allowed: 'strict'} is passed), any properties specified in config files that are not declared in the schema will throw errors. This is to ensure that the schema and the config files are in sync.

config.getProperties()

Exports all the properties (that is the keys and their current values) as JSON.

config.toString()

Exports all the properties (that is the keys and their current values) as a JSON string, with sensitive values masked. Sensitive values are masked even if they aren't set, to avoid revealing any information.

config.getSchema()

Exports the schema as JSON.

config.getSchemaString()

Exports the schema as a JSON string.

config.getArgs()

The array of process arguments (not including the launcher and application file arguments). Defaults to process.argv unless an override is specified using the args key of the second (options) argument of the convict function.

config.getEnv()

The map of environment variables. Defaults to process.env unless an override is specified using the env key of the second argument (options) argument of the convict function.

FAQ

How can I define a configuration property as "required" without providing a default value?

The philosophy was to have production values be the default values. Usually you only want to change defaults for deploy or instance (in aws speak) specific tweaks. However, you can set a default value to null and if your format doesn't accept null it will throw an error.

How can I use convict in a (browserify-based) browser context?

Thanks to browserify, convict can be used for web applications too. To do so,

• Use brfs to ensure the fs.loadFileSync schema-loading calls are inlined at build time rather than resolved at runtime (in Gulp, add .transform(brfs) to your browserify pipe).
• To support "loading configuration from a http://foo.bar/some.json URL", build a thin wrapper around convict using your favorite http package (e.g. superagent). Typically, in the success callback, call convict's load() on the body of the response.

Contributing

Read the Contributing doc.