ed25519-keygen

ed25519-keygen

Generate ed25519 keys for SSH, PGP (GPG), TOR and SLIP-0010 hdkey.

Generation is deterministic and done in pure javascript, without CLI tools. Uses audited @noble/ed25519 under the hood.

Includes SLIP-0010 / BIP32 HDKey implementation, sponsored by the Kin Foundation for Kinetic.

For the apps made with the library, check out: terminal7 WebRTC terminal multiplexer.

Usage

npm install ed25519-keygen

The package exports five modules:

• ed25519-keygen/ssh for SSH key generation
• ed25519-keygen/pgp for RFC 4880 + RFC 6637
• ed25519-keygen/tor for TOR onion addresses
• ed25519-keygen/hdkey for SLIP-0010/BIP32 HDKey
• ed25519-keygen/utils for cryptographically secure random number generator (CSPRNG)

Use it in the following way:

import ssh from 'ed25519-keygen/ssh';
import pgp from 'ed25519-keygen/pgp';
import tor from 'ed25519-keygen/tor';
import { randomBytes } from 'ed25519-keygen/utils';

ssh(seed, username)

• seed: Uint8Array
• username: string
• Returns { fingerprint: string, privateKey: string, publicKey: string, publicKeyBytes: Uint8Array }

import ssh from 'ed25519-keygen/ssh';
import { randomBytes } from 'ed25519-keygen/utils';
const sseed = randomBytes(32);
const skeys = await ssh(sseed, '[e-mail]');
console.log(skeys.fingerprint);
console.log(skeys.privateKey);
console.log(skeys.publicKey);
/*
SHA256:3M832z6j5R6mQh4TTzVG5KVs2IbvythcS6VPiEixMJg
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
QyNTUxOQAAACB7IzMcWzDbGACJFPmt8hDZGedH6W1w0SGuY1Ut+oIlxQAAAJh8wUpUfMFK
VAAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACB7IzMcWzDbGACJFPmt8hDZGedH6W1w0SGuY1Ut+oIlxQ
AAAEBPTJHsreF9Losr930Yt/8DseFi66G7vK8QF/Kd8fcRlXsjMxxbMNsYAIkU+a3yENkZ
50fpbXDRIa5jVS36giXFAAAAEHVzZXJAZXhhbXBsZS5jb20BAgMEBQ==
-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIHsjMxxbMNsYAIkU+a3yENkZ50fpbXDRIa5jVS36giXF [e-mail]
*/

pgp(seed, user, password)

• seed: Uint8Array
• user: string
• password: string
• createdAt: number - (default: 0) timestamp corresponding to key creation time
• Returns { keyId: string, privateKey: string, publicKey: string, publicKeyBytes: Uint8Array }

Creates keys compatible with GPG. GPG is a commonly known utility that supports PGP protocol. Quirks:

1. Generated private and public keys would have different representation, however, their fingerprints would be the same. This is because AES encryption is used to hide the keys, and AES requires different IV / salt.
2. The function is slow (~725ms on Apple M1), because it uses S2K to derive keys.
3. "warning: lower 3 bits of the secret key are not cleared" happens even for keys generated with GnuPG 2.3.6, because check looks at item as Opaque MPI, when it is just MPI: see bugtracker URL.

import * as pgp from 'ed25519-keygen/pgp';
import { randomBytes } from 'ed25519-keygen/utils';
const pseed = randomBytes(32);
const pkeys = await pgp.getKeys(pseed, '[e-mail]', 'password');
console.log(pkeys.keyId);
console.log(pkeys.privateKey);
console.log(pkeys.publicKey);
/*
ca88e2a8afd9cdb8
-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
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=oOli
-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
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=4hZe
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
*/

// Also, you can explore existing keys internal structure
console.log(await pgp.pubArmor.decode(keys.publicKey));
const privDecoded = await pgp.privArmor.decode(keys.privateKey);
console.log(privDecoded);
// And receive raw private keys as bigint
console.log({
  ed25519: await pgp.decodeSecretKey('password', privDecoded[0].data),
  cv25519: await pgp.decodeSecretKey('password', privDecoded[3].data),
});

tor(seed)

Generates TOR addresses.

• seed: Uint8Array
• Returns { privateKey: string, publicKey: string, publicKeyBytes: Uint8Array }

import tor from 'ed25519-keygen/tor';
import { randomBytes } from 'ed25519-keygen/utils';
const tseed = randomBytes(32);
const tkeys = await tor(tseed);
console.log(tkeys.privateKey);
console.log(tkeys.publicKey);
/*
ED25519-V3:EOl78M2gARYOyp4BDltfzxSR3dA/LLTXZLb2imgOwFuYC5ISIUxsQ42ywzHaxvc03mahmaLziuyN0+f8EhM+4w==
rx724x3oambzxr46pkbdckdqyut5x5lhsneru3uditf4nuyuf4uou6qd.onion
*/

hdkey

SLIP-0010 hierarchical deterministic (HD) wallets for implementation. Based on audited code from scure-bip32. Check out scure-bip39 if you also need mnemonic phrases.

• SLIP-0010 publicKey is 33 bytes (see this issue), if you want 32-byte publicKey, use .publicKeyRaw getter
• SLIP-0010 vectors fingerprint is actually parentFingerprint
• SLIP-0010 doesn't allow deriving non-hardened keys for Ed25519, however some other libraries treat non-hardened keys (m/0/1) as hardened (m/0'/1'). If you want this behaviour, there is a flag forceHardened in derive method

import { HDKey } from 'ed25519-keygen/hdkey';
const hdkey1 = HDKey.fromMasterSeed(seed);

// props
[hdkey1.depth, hdkey1.index, hdkey1.chainCode];
console.log(hdkey2.privateKey, hdkey2.publicKey);
console.log(hdkey3.derive("m/0/2147483647'/1'"));
const sig = hdkey3.sign(hash);
hdkey3.verify(hash, sig);

Note: chainCode property is essentially a private part of a secret "master" key, it should be guarded from unauthorized access.

The full API is:

class HDKey {
  public static HARDENED_OFFSET: number;
  public static fromMasterSeed(seed: Uint8Array | string): HDKey;

  readonly depth: number = 0;
  readonly index: number = 0;
  readonly chainCode: Uint8Array | null = null;
  readonly parentFingerprint: number = 0;
  public readonly privateKey: Uint8Array;

  get fingerprint(): number;
  get fingerprintHex(): string;
  get parentFingerprintHex(): string;
  get pubKeyHash(): Uint8Array;
  get publicKey(): Uint8Array;
  get publicKeyRaw(): Uint8Array;

  derive(path: string, forceHardened = false): HDKey;
  deriveChild(index: number): HDKey;
  sign(hash: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
  verify(hash: Uint8Array, signature: Uint8Array): boolean;
}

randomBytes(length)

• byteLength: number default is 32
• Returns Uint8Array filled with cryptographically secure random bytes

License

MIT (c) Paul Miller (https://paulmillr.com), see LICENSE file.