express-zod-api

Express Zod API

Start your API server with I/O schema validation and custom middlewares in minutes.

1. Technologies
2. Concept
3. Installation
4. Basic usage
   1. Set up config
   2. Create an endpoints factory
   3. Create your first endpoint
   4. Set up routing
   5. Start your server
5. Advanced usage
   1. Create a middleware
   2. Refinements
   3. Your custom logger
   4. Your custom server
6. Disclosing API specifications
   1. Reusing endpoint types on your frontend
   2. Swagger / OpenAPI Specification
7. Known issues
   1. Excess property check of endpoint output

Changelog

Technologies

• Typescript first
• Schema validation — Zod 3.x.
• Webserver — Express.js.
• Logger — Winston.
• Swagger - OpenAPI 3.x

Concept

The API always operates object schemas for input and output. Starting with version 0.7.0, union and intersection of object schemas are also supported (.or(), .and()).

The object being validated is the request.query for GET request, the request.body for PUT, PATCH and POST requests, or their merging for DELETE requests.

Middlewares can handle validated inputs and the original request, for example, to perform the authentication or provide the endpoint's handler with some request properties like the actual method. The returns of middlewares are combined into the options parameter available to the next middlewares and the endpoint's handler.

The handler's parameter input combines the validated inputs of all connected middlewares along with the handler's one. The result that the handler returns goes to the ResultHandler which is responsible for transmission of the final response or possible error.

All inputs and outputs are validated and there are also advanced powerful features like transformations and refinements. The diagram below can give you a better idea of the dataflow.

Installation

yarn add express-zod-api
# or
npm install express-zod-api

Add the following options to your tsconfig.json file in order to make it work as expected:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "strictNullChecks": true
  }
}

Basic usage

See full example here.

Set up config

import {ConfigType} from 'express-zod-api';

const config: ConfigType = {
  server: {
    listen: 8090,
  },
  cors: true,
  logger: {
    level: 'debug',
    color: true
  }
};

See config-type.d.ts for all available options.

Create an endpoints factory

import {EndpointsFactory} from 'express-zod-api';

const endpointsFactory = new EndpointsFactory();

You can also instantly add middlewares to it using .addMiddleware() method.

Create your first endpoint

import {z} from 'express-zod-api';

const getUserEndpoint = endpointsFactory
  .build({
    methods: ['get'],
    input: z.object({
      id: z.string().transform((id) => parseInt(id, 10))
    }),
    output: z.object({
      name: z.string(),
    }),
    handler: async ({input: {id}, options, logger}) => {
      logger.debug(`Requested id: ${id}`); // here id is a number
      logger.debug('Options:', options);
      return { name: 'John Doe' };
    }
  });

You can add middlewares to the endpoint by using .addMiddleware() before .build().

Set up routing

import {Routing} from 'express-zod-api';

const routing: Routing = {
  v1: {
    getUser: getUserEndpoint
  }
};

This implementation sets up getUserEndpoint to handle requests to the /v1/getUser path.

Start your server

import {createServer} from 'express-zod-api';

createServer(config, routing);

Advanced usage

Create a middleware

You can create middlewares separately using createMiddleware() function and connect them later. All returns of the connected middlewares are put in options argument of the endpoint handler. All middleware inputs are also available as the endpoint inputs.

import {
  createMiddleware, z, Method, createHttpError
} from 'express-zod-api';

// This one provides the method of the request
const methodProviderMiddleware = createMiddleware({
  input: z.object({}).nonstrict(),
  middleware: async ({request}) => ({
    method: request.method.toLowerCase() as Method,
  })
});

// This one performs the authentication 
// using key from the input and token from headers
const authMiddleware = createMiddleware({
  input: z.object({
    key: z.string().nonempty()
  }),
  middleware: async ({input: {key}, request, logger}) => {
    logger.debug('Checking the key and token...');
    if (key !== '123') {
      throw createHttpError(401, 'Invalid key');
    }
    if (request.headers['token'] !== '456') {
      throw createHttpError(401, 'Invalid token');
    }
    return {token: request.headers['token']};
  }
});

Refinements

You can also implement the validation inside the input schema:

import {createMiddleware, z} from 'express-zod-api';

const authMiddleware = createMiddleware({
  input: z.object({
    key: z.string().nonempty()
      .refine((key) => key === '123', 'Invalid key')
  }),
  ...
})

Your custom logger

You can specify your custom Winston logger in config:

import * as winston from 'winston';
import {ConfigType, createServer} from 'express-zod-api';

const config: ConfigType = {
   logger: winston.createLogger(),
   ...
};
createServer(config, routing);

Your custom server

You can instantiate your own express app and connect your endpoints the following way. Please note that in this case you probably need to:

• parse request.body yourself;
• call app.listen() yourself;
• handle 404 errors yourself;

import * as express from 'express';
import {ConfigType, attachRouting} from 'express-zod-api';

const app = express();
const config: ConfigType = {app, ...};
const routing = {...};

attachRouting(config, routing);
app.listen();

Disclosing API specifications

Reusing endpoint types on your frontend

You can export only the types of your endpoints for your front-end:

export type GetUserEndpoint = typeof getUserEndpoint;

Then use provided helpers to obtain their input and output types:

import {EndpointInput, EndpointOutput} from 'express-zod-api';
import {GetUserEndpoint, GetUserEndpoint} from '../your/backend';

type GetUserEndpointInput = EndpointInput<GetUserEndpoint>;
type GetUserEndpointOutput = EndpointOutput<GetUserEndpoint>;

Swagger / OpenAPI Specification

You can generate the specification of your API the following way and write it to a .yaml file:

import {OpenAPI} from 'express-zod-api';

const yamlString = new OpenAPI({
  routing, 
  version: '1.2.3',
  title: 'Example API',
  serverUrl: 'http://example.com'
}).builder.getSpecAsYaml();

Known issues

Excess property check of endpoint output

Unfortunately Typescript does not perform excess property check for objects resolved in Promise, so there is no error during development of endpoint's output.

import {z} from 'express-zod-api';

endpointsFactory.build({
  methods, input,
  output: z.object({
    anything: z.number()
  }),
  handler: async () => ({
    anything: 123,
    excessive: 'something' // no type error
  })
});

You can achieve this check by assigning the output schema to a constant and reusing it in additional definition of handler's return type:

import {z} from 'express-zod-api';

const output = z.object({
  anything: z.number()
});

endpointsFactory.build({
  methods, input, output,
  handler: async (): Promise<z.input<typeof output>> => ({
    anything: 123,
    excessive: 'something' // error TS2322, ok!
  })
});

Changelog

v0.7.1

• Readme file updates:
  • Concept description update.
  • Excess property check according to the new features of version 0.7.0.
• Refactoring of defaultResultHandler and ResultHandler calls in server.ts.