lessthan3

LessThan3 Development Kit

Documentation

http://dev.lessthan3.com

Table of Contents

• Usage
• General Information
• General Overview
• Beta
• Tools
• Getting Started
• LessThan3 Website Layout
• Resources
• Packages
• Types
• Configuration
• Versioning
• Routes
• API
• Examples
• Development Server
• Overview
• How It Works
• Example
• LessThan3 Package Manager
• Initialize Your Development Environment
• Manage your development server
• Manage your packages
• Manage your production server
• Deployment
• Other Topics
• Coding Style Guide

Usage

lt3

Usage: lt3 <command> [command-specific-options]

where <command> [command-specific-options] is one of:
  add:admin <site> <facebook_id>          add a new admin to a site
  add:app <site> <app> <id>@<version>     add an app package to a site
  add:page <site> <app> <page> <type>     add a new page to a site's app
  create <site>                           create your own website
  help                                    show usage
  init                                    initialize a new lessthan3 workspace
  login                                   authenticate your user
  open [<site>] [<app>] [<page>]          open a site
  run                                     run a development server
  start                                   daemonize a development server
  stop                                    stop a daemonized devevelopment server
  version                                 check your lt3 version
  whoami                                  check your local user

lpm

Usage: lpm <command> [command-specific-options]

where <command> [command-specific-options] is one of:
  deploy                                deploy a package to production
  get <id>[@<version>]                  download a package
  help                                  show usage
  info <id>[@<version>]                 get info about a package 
  init <id> <version>                   create a new package
  login                                 authenticate your user
  stage                                 deploy a package to staging
  version                               check your lpm version
  whoami                                check your local user

General Information

General Overview

This kit is made for developers planning to build/maintain sites running on the LessThan3 Network. All of the sites have a common structure, but allow for complete customization.

Benefits of the LessThan3 Platform.

• Strong caching is built into the core of the infrastructure
• Any dynamic site data, by default, can be updated real-time. Alternatively, apps can define which data to listen for updates on
• By defining a simple data model for your package, a simple, intuitive administration interface is provided to your user
• Develop in coffee-script and stylus
• All of this allows you to build/test/deploy/reuse/sell apps extremely efficiently to our growing network of clients

Beta

LessThan3 Package Development/Deployment is currently in beta. Developers must be registered before the development kit will work on a live site. Contact [e-mail] if you'd like more information on getting started.

Tools

• lessthan3 development server

• TODO: lessthan3 production server

• TODO: lessthan3 package manager (lpm)

• assists with create a package server

• assists with creating new packages

• assists with package submission to hosted environment

• assists with package deployment to personal lt3 package server

Getting Started

• install node.js
• http://howtonode.org/how-to-install-nodejs
• learn coffee-script
• packages can be written in javascript, but coffee-script is encouraged
• http://coffeescript.org/
• http://arcturo.github.io/library/coffeescript/index.html
• learn stylus/nib
• http://learnboost.github.io/stylus/
• http://visionmedia.github.io/nib/
• CSS, SASS, and LESS will be supported in the future, but stylus/nib is encouraged
• learn coffeecup (coffee-script html templates)
• https://github.com/gradus/coffeecup
• get a good text editor
• vim
  • stylus syntax highlighting
  • coffee-script syntax highlighting
• Sublime Text 2 (http://www.sublimetext.com/2)
  • Sidebar Enhancements (git clone https://github.com/titoBouzout/SideBarEnhancements.git)
  • Stylus Syntax Highlighting (https://gist.github.com/csanz/1076584)
  • Coffee-Script syntax highlighting (https://gist.github.com/liamdon/2467603)

LessThan3 Website Layout

  - html
    - head
    - body
      - application
        - header (header package rendered here)
        - content
          - apps
            - app (current app rendered here)
              - pages
                - page (current page rendered here)
        - footer (footer package rendered here)

Resources

• node: javascript web server
• LessThan3 servers and your local development server run on node.js
• backbone: javascript MVC
• Lessthan3 Apps, Pages, Headers, and Footers are all backbone Views
• bootstrap: front-end framework
• it is encouraged to build your theme on top of bootstrap so all apps can take advantage of its features
• coffee-script: a little language that compiles to javascript
• github
• little book on coffee-script
• you can code in javascript, but coffee-script is strongly encouraged
• coffeecup: html templating with coffee-script
• Views in LessThan3 have coffeecup built-in. it is strongly encouraged to utilize them
• cson: coffee-script object notation
• package config files use this syntax
• head.js: client-side javascript loader
• modernizr: HTML5/CSS3 feature detection
• mongofb: MongoDB + Firebase = The LessThan3 Data-Store
• All data is accessed through mongofb. You can run custom queries to load extra data.
• nib: css3 extensions for stylus
• stylus: express, dynamic, robust CSS
• sublime text 2: a good text editor
• stylus syntax highlighter
• coffee-script syntax highlighter
• vim: a fantastic text editor
• stylus syntax highlighting
• coffee-script syntax highlighting

Packages

Types

• app: An app is a dynamic section of code in the app
• theme: A theme allows for full customization over the style of a site as well as the header and footer elements
• library: A library is any js/css you want

Configuration

{
  author: 'Your Name'
  category: 'app'
  changelog:
    'major.minor.patch': ‘initial commit'
  contact: ‘[e-mail]'
  description: 'description of this package'
  id: 'namespace-name'
  name: 'readable name’
  pages:
    type1: {DATA_MODEL_SCHEMA}
    type2: {DATA_MODEL_SCHEMA}
  settings: {DATA_MODEL_SCHEMA}
  tags: [
    ‘tag1’
    ‘tag2’
  ]
  type: 'app'
  version: 'major.minor.patch'
}

Full Verbose Schema Example
  settings:
    str: {type: ‘string’}
    str_enum: {type: ‘string’, enum: [‘foo’, ‘bar’]}
    str_long: {type: ‘string’, editor: ‘textarea’}
    bool: {type: ‘boolean’}
    int: {type: ‘integer’}
    arr: {
      type: ‘array’
      legend: ‘foo’
      items:
        foo: {type: ‘string’}
        bar: {type: ‘string’}
    }
    obj: {
      type: ‘object’
      properties:
        foo: {type: ‘string’}
        bar: {type: ‘string’}
    }

3 Rules to simplify your syntax
 1. if typeof value is a string, then that string is the type of that property.
 2. if typeof value is an object, then that object is assumed to be type == ‘object’
 3. if typeof value is an array, then that object is assumed to be type == ‘array’

Let’s now look at the above example in our simplified syntax
  settings:
    str: ‘string’
    str_enum: {type: ‘string’, enum: [‘foo’, ‘bar’]}
    str_long: {type: ‘string’, editor: ‘textarea’}
    bool: ‘boolean’
    int: ‘integer’
    arr: [
      foo: {type: ‘string’, legend: true}
      bar: ‘string’
    ]
    obj: {
      foo: {type: ‘string’}
      bar: {type: ‘string’}
    }

Versioning

LessThan3 packages should be versioned as "major.minor.patch". Dependencies right now must define an exact version, but we'll moved towards the npm model in the future and it's good practice.

Here's a brief explaination from Nodejitsu about why to version your node modules (or in our case, lessthan3 packages) this way.

• http://blog.nodejitsu.com/package-dependencies-done-right#best-practices

When specifying modules dependencies: use 1.0.x syntax

Until recently, I was guilty of not following this guideline: I continued to use
the >= 0.2.0 syntax illustrated above in the naive.package.json example. At 
first glance there doesn't seem to be anything wrong with that style. You're 
saying "If there are changes in the future I want them."

The problem arises because authors are conveying meaning in their versions. Not
every version will be completely backwards compatible with the particular
version you were using when you wrote your application. This is conveyed in the
version string:

e.g.: 0.3.18
Major Version (0)
Minor Version (3)
Patch Version (18)

Changes to the major and minor parts of the version mean that changes have
happened, although there is no convention to convey they are breaking. Changes
to patch versions are used to express that a fix has been made and it
is (usually) safe to upgrade.

Conversely, when using the 0.2.x syntax you're saying: "If there are patch
changes in the future I want them, but no minor or major versions." Given the
description of the meaning conveyed by each of the version components above
this means you won't be tearing your hair out over breaking changes in a
module you depend on.

Routes

# get package details
http://localhost:3001/pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/package.json

# get package javascript
http://localhost:3001/pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/main.js

# get package stylesheet
http://localhost:3001/pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/style.css

# get public/static file
http://localhost:3001/pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/public/test.txt

# make api call
http://localhost:3001/pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/api/foo

API

module.exports =
  foo: ->
    # this will cache /pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/api/foo
    @cache {age: '10 minutes'}, (next) =>
      next 'bar'

  hello: ->
    @res.send 'world'

  ping: ->
    # this will cache /pkg/bryant-cool-app/0.1.1/api/ping?hello=world
    @cache {age: '10 minutes', qs: true}, (next) =>
      next 'ack'

Call Context

{
  cache: (options, next) ->
    # options.age can be '10 minutes' or 600
    # options.qs can be true|false to include the query params in the cache key
    # passing data to "next" will cache and return the data
  query: req.query
  req: req
  res: res
}

Examples

Links

• libraries
  • jQuery
  • jQuery-timeago
  • soundmanager
  • big-youtube
• apps
  • lt3-image-app
  • lt3-survey-monkey
  • lt3-beatport-app
• themes
  • Coming Soon!

App

app.coffee

class exports.App extends lt3.App

  load: (next) ->
    next()

  template: ->
    div class: 'pages'

config.cson

{
  author: 'Bryant Williams'
  changelog:
    '0.1.1': 'test app'
  contact: '[e-mail]'
  description: 'My First App'
  id: 'bryant-cool-app'
  pages:
    index:
      title: 'string'
    monkey:
      kind: 'string'
      name: 'string'
      description: 'string'
      image: 'string'
  name: 'My First App'
  type: 'app'
  version: '0.1.1'
}

style.styl

.exports
  .some-div
    padding 36px 50px

pages/monkey.coffee

class exports.Page extends lt3.Page

  # events
  #
  # You can specify event handlers here
  # 'event-type selector': 'event-handler'
  events:
    'click .title': 'onTitleClick'

  onTitleClick: (e) ->
    el = $(e.currentTarget)
    console.log el.text()

  # to specify events outside of this page
  # ex: window resize or scroll
  delegateEvents: ->
    super()
    $(window).bind 'resize', @onWindowResize

  undelegateEvents: ->
    super()
    $(window).unbind 'resize', @onWindowResize

  # load
  #
  # load may be called prior to rendering if more data is needed.
  # by default, you will be provided with the data as specified in
  # config.cson, but sometimes you need to query an external api for
  # extra data before rendering the page
  #
  # store any extra data in the @_ variable. This variable becomes the
  # context the template function is applied to
  load: (next) ->
    @$el.html 'loading...'
    $.ajax {
      url: 'http://domain.com/api/get/ice-cream'
      success: (data) =>
        @_.extra = data
        next()
    }


  # render
  #
  # the parent method (super) will render the current data
  # into your template. by override render, we can run javascript
  # after the template has been rendered
  render: ->
    super()
    @$el.find('content').css {
      color: '#000'
    }

  # template
  #
  # here you can define the html template for this page
  # Page data can be accessed through @
  template: ->
    h2 class: 'title', ->
      @title

    div class: 'image', ->
      img src: @image

    div class: 'content', ->
      @content

Theme

config.cson

style.styl

Development Server

Overview

Development on the LessThan3 Platform is ran on live sites. By running a local server, your browser client can redirect loading code from your local server instead of production. This allows you to run your code in an isolated sandbox or on production data.

Updating data is pushed live automatically for headers, footers, and pages. Apps can also choose to define their own real-time data update logic instead of the default though.

When running the development server, you get the benefit on hot code-pushes as well to speed up your efficiency while updating templates and stylesheets.

Because the LessThan3 package routes are just express middleware, you have the ability to add any other custom functionality to your server that you want.

How It Works

When you login to a site on the LessThan3 platform, it will check whether you are a developer or not. If you are a developer, it checks if you have a local development server running. If you do, it will connect your browser client to your development server, load code locally instead of from production, and refresh your applications as code is updated.

Example Server

# dependencies
express = require 'express'
lessthan3 = require '../../lib/server' # require 'lessthan3'
pkg = require './package'

# configuration
app = express()
app.use express.logger()
app.use express.bodyParser()
app.use express.methodOverride()
app.use express.cookieParser()
app.use lessthan3 {
  pkg_dir: "#{__dirname}/pkg"
}
app.use app.router
app.use express.errorHandler {dumpExceptions: true, showStack: true}

# listen
app.listen pkg.config.port
console.log "listening: #{pkg.config.port}"

LessThan3 Package Manager

Initialize Your Development Environment

• lpm init

Manage your development server

• lpm dev start
• lpm dev stop

Manage your packages

• lpm pkg create my-package 0.1.0
• lpm pkg deploy remote my-package 0.1.0
• lpm pkg submit my-package 0.1.0

Manage your production server

• lpm prod init

• lpm prod start

• lpm prod stop

• create a new devepackage server

• create a new package

• deploy a package

Deployment

There are a couple ways to get your packages out in the wild. Packages can be hosted on the LessThan3 servers, can be hosted on your personal server, or can be hosted on a CDN.

Packages hosted on the LessThan3 servers must be submitted for approval before being accepted. Personally hosted packages can be deployed at anytime without review.

Deployment to LessThan3

Packages hosted on LessThan3 can be submitted with lpm pkg submit my-package 0.1.0

You can check the status of your application with lpm pkg status my-package 0.1.0

Or check the status of all of your submitted packages with lpm pkg status

Packages submitted and approved, can be made available to anyone on the network.

Deployment to a Personal Server

Packages can be deployed to your own node server.

First, set up your production lt3 server. lpm prod init

Then run it. lpm prod start

Make sure it's running lpm prod status

Define your remote (where the server lives) in your server config.cson. Your deployment can be done with ssh, ftp

{
  remote:
    prod:
      method: 'ssh'
      host: 'mydomain.com'
      port: '22'
      path: '/u/apps/my-lt3-package-server'
    prod2:
      method: 'ftp'
      host: 'ftp.mydomain.com'
      port: '21'
      path: '/u/apps/my-lt3-package-server'
}

Deploy your package lpm pkg deploy prod my-package 0.1.0

Deployment to a CDN

A CDN can only host files, so by deploying to a CDN, your app will not be able to take advantage of custom API calls. This is fine for 90% of packages because you still get real-time updates on data entered through the admin interface, and can query public APIs.

Define your remote

{
  remote:
    rackspace:
      method: 'rackspace-cloudfiles'
      username: ''
      key: ''
    amazon:
      method: 'amazon-s3'
      key: ''
      secret: ''
    custom:
      build: true
      method: 'ftp'
      host: 'ftp.mydomain.com'
      port: '21'
      path: '/u/apps/my-lt3-package-server'
}

Note that you can also host your (non-api) packages on a server without node and deploy with ftp by providing the build parameter. Build will compile the config, javascript, and stylesheet assets for your package and upload those directly, along with any public files. The "build" parameter is automatically included if the method is "amazon-s3" or "rackspace-cloudfiles".

Other Topics

Coding Style Guide

• coffee-script (https://github.com/polarmobile/coffeescript-style-guide)