nconf

What is nconf?

nconf is a hierarchical node.js configuration with support for multiple sources. It allows you to manage configuration settings for your application from various sources such as command-line arguments, environment variables, files, and even custom sources.

What are nconf's main functionalities?

Loading Configuration from Command-Line Arguments

This feature allows you to load configuration settings from command-line arguments. The `argv` method parses the command-line arguments and makes them available through the `nconf` object.

const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.argv();
console.log(nconf.get('someArg'));

Loading Configuration from Environment Variables

This feature allows you to load configuration settings from environment variables. The `env` method reads the environment variables and makes them accessible through the `nconf` object.

const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.env();
console.log(nconf.get('NODE_ENV'));

Loading Configuration from a File

This feature allows you to load configuration settings from a file. The `file` method reads the specified file and makes its contents available through the `nconf` object.

const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.file({ file: 'config.json' });
console.log(nconf.get('database:host'));

Setting Default Values

This feature allows you to set default configuration values. The `defaults` method sets the default values that will be used if no other source provides a value for a given key.

const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.defaults({ 'port': 3000 });
console.log(nconf.get('port'));

Overriding Configuration Values

This feature allows you to override configuration values. The `overrides` method sets values that will take precedence over any other source.

const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.overrides({ 'port': 8080 });
console.log(nconf.get('port'));

Other packages similar to nconf

config

The `config` package provides a way to manage configuration files for your Node.js application. It supports different configurations for different deployment environments and allows for hierarchical configurations. Compared to nconf, `config` is more focused on file-based configurations and environment-specific settings.

dotenv

The `dotenv` package loads environment variables from a `.env` file into `process.env`. It is simpler and more lightweight compared to nconf, focusing solely on environment variables and not supporting other sources like command-line arguments or JSON files.

convict

The `convict` package provides a way to define a schema for your configuration and validate it. It supports multiple sources like environment variables and JSON files, similar to nconf. However, `convict` adds the ability to define a schema and validate the configuration against it, which nconf does not provide.

README

nconf

Hierarchical node.js configuration with files, environment variables, command-line arguments, and atomic object merging.

Example

Using nconf is easy; it is designed to be a simple key-value store with support for both local and remote storage. Keys are namespaced and delimited by :. Lets dive right into sample usage:

  var fs    = require('fs'),
      nconf = require('nconf');
  
  //
  // Setup nconf to use (in-order): 
  //   1. Command-line arguments
  //   2. Environment variables
  //   3. A file located at 'path/to/config.json'
  //
  nconf.argv()
       .env()
       .file({ file: 'path/to/config.json' });
  
  //
  // Set a few variables on `nconf`.
  //
  nconf.set('database:host', '127.0.0.1');
  nconf.set('database:port', 5984);
  
  //
  // Get the entire database object from nconf. This will output
  // { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 5984 }
  //
  console.log('foo: ' + nconf.get('foo'));
  console.log('NODE_ENV: ' + nconf.get('NODE_ENV'));
  console.log('database: ' + nconf.get('database'));
  
  //
  // Save the configuration object to disk
  //
  nconf.save(function (err) {
    fs.readFile('path/to/your/config.json', function (err, data) {
      console.dir(JSON.parse(data.toString()))
    });
  });

If you run the above script:

  $ NODE_ENV=production sample.js --foo bar 

The output will be:

  foo: bar
  NODE_ENV: production
  database: { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 5984 }

Hierarchical configuration

Configuration management can get complicated very quickly for even trivial applications running in production. nconf addresses this problem by enabling you to setup a hierarchy for different sources of configuration with no defaults. The order in which you attach these configuration sources determines their priority in the hierarchy. Lets take a look at the options available to you

1. nconf.argv(options) Loads process.argv using optimist. If options is supplied it is passed along to optimist.
2. nconf.env(options) Loads process.env into the hierarchy.
3. nconf.file(options) Loads the configuration data at options.file into the hierarchy.
4. nconf.defaults(options) Loads the data in options.store into the hierarchy.
5. nconf.overrides(options) Loads the data in options.store into the hierarchy.

A sane default for this could be:

  var nconf = require('nconf');
  
  //
  // 1. any overrides
  //
  nconf.overrides({
    'always': 'be this value'
  });
  
  //
  // 2. `process.env`
  // 3. `process.argv`
  //
  nconf.env().argv();
  
  //
  // 4. Values in `config.json`
  //
  nconf.file('/path/to/config.json');

  //
  // Or with a custom name
  //
  nconf.file('custom', '/path/to/config.json');

  //
  // Or searching from a base directory.
  // Note: `name` is optional.
  //
  nconf.file(name, {
    file: 'config.json',
    dir: 'search/from/here', 
    search: true
  });
  
  //
  // 5. Any default values
  //
  nconf.defaults({
    'if nothing else': 'use this value'
  });

API Documentation

The top-level of nconf is an instance of the nconf.Provider abstracts this all for you into a simple API.

nconf.add(name, options)

Adds a new store with the specified name and options. If options.type is not set, then name will be used instead:

  nconf.add('user', { type: 'file', file: '/path/to/userconf.json' });
  nconf.add('global', { type: 'file', file: '/path/to/globalconf.json' });

nconf.use(name, options)

Similar to nconf.add, except that it can replace an existing store if new options are provided

  //
  // Load a file store onto nconf with the specified settings
  //
  nconf.use('file', { file: '/path/to/some/config-file.json' });
  
  //
  // Replace the file store with new settings
  //
  nconf.use('file', { file: 'path/to/a-new/config-file.json' });

nconf.remove(name)

Removes the store with the specified name. The configuration stored at that level will no longer be used for lookup(s).

  nconf.remove('file');

Storage Engines

Memory

A simple in-memory storage engine that stores a nested JSON representation of the configuration. To use this engine, just call .use() with the appropriate arguments. All calls to .get(), .set(), .clear(), .reset() methods are synchronous since we are only dealing with an in-memory object.

  nconf.use('memory');

Argv

Responsible for loading the values parsed from process.argv by optimist into the configuration hierarchy.

  //
  // Can optionally also be an object literal to pass to `optimist`.
  //
  nconf.argv(options);  

Env

Responsible for loading the values parsed from process.env into the configuration hierarchy.

  //
  // Can optionally also be an Array of values to limit process.env to.
  //
  nconf.env(['only', 'load', 'these', 'values', 'from', 'process.env']);  

  //
  // Can also specify a separator for nested keys (instead of the default ':')
  //
  nconf.env('__');
  // Get the value of the env variable 'database__host'
  var dbHost = nconf.get('database:host');

  //
  // Or use both options
  //
  nconf.env({
    separator: '__',
    whitelist: ['database__host', 'only', 'load', 'these', 'values']
  });
  var dbHost = nconf.get('database:host');

Literal

Loads a given object literal into the configuration hierarchy. Both nconf.defaults() and nconf.overrides() use the Literal store.

  nconf.defaults({
    'some': 'default value'
  });

File

Based on the Memory store, but provides additional methods .save() and .load() which allow you to read your configuration to and from file. As with the Memory store, all method calls are synchronous with the exception of .save() and .load() which take callback functions. It is important to note that setting keys in the File engine will not be persisted to disk until a call to .save() is made.

  nconf.file('path/to/your/config.json');
  // add multiple files, hierarchically. notice the unique key for each file
  nconf.file('user', 'path/to/your/user.json');
  nconf.file('global', 'path/to/your/global.json');

The file store is also extensible for multiple file formats, defaulting to JSON. To use a custom format, simply pass a format object to the .use() method. This object must have .parse() and .stringify() methods just like the native JSON object.

Redis

There is a separate Redis-based store available through nconf-redis. To install and use this store simply:

  $ npm install nconf
  $ npm install nconf-redis

Once installing both nconf and nconf-redis, you must require both modules to use the Redis store:

  var nconf = require('nconf');
  
  //
  // Requiring `nconf-redis` will extend the `nconf`
  // module.
  //
  require('nconf-redis');
  
  nconf.use('redis', { host: 'localhost', port: 6379, ttl: 60 * 60 * 1000 });

Installation

Installing npm (node package manager)

  curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh

Installing nconf

  [sudo] npm install nconf

More Documentation

There is more documentation available through docco. I haven't gotten around to making a gh-pages branch so in the meantime if you clone the repository you can view the docs:

  open docs/nconf.html

Run Tests

Tests are written in vows and give complete coverage of all APIs and storage engines.

  $ npm test

Author: Charlie Robbins

License: MIT