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next-firebase-auth
Advanced tools
Simple Firebase authentication for all Next.js rendering strategies
Simple Firebase authentication for all Next.js rendering strategies.
This package makes it simple to get the authenticated Firebase user and ID token during both client-side and server-side rendering (SSR).
We treat the Firebase JS SDK as the source of truth for auth status. When the user signs in, we call an endpoint to generate a refresh token and store the user info, ID token, and refresh token in cookies. Future requests to SSR pages receive the user info and ID token from cookies, refreshing the ID token as needed. When the user logs out, we unset the cookies.
See a live demo of the example app.
Depending on your app's needs, other approaches might work better for you.
If your app only uses static pages or doesn't need the Firebase user for SSR, use the Firebase JS SDK directly to load the user on the client side.
getServerSideProps
.If your app needs the Firebase user for SSR (but does not need the ID token server-side), you could consider one of these approaches:
This package will likely be helpful if you expect to use both static pages and SSR or if you need access to Firebase ID tokens server-side. Please check out current limitations before diving in.
Install:
yarn add next-firebase-auth
Make sure peer dependencies are also installed:
yarn add firebase firebase-admin next react react-dom
Create a module to initialize next-firebase-auth
.
// ./initAuth.js
import { init } from 'next-firebase-auth'
const initAuth = () => {
init({
authPageURL: '/auth',
appPageURL: '/',
loginAPIEndpoint: '/api/login', // required
logoutAPIEndpoint: '/api/logout', // required
firebaseAuthEmulatorHost: 'localhost:9099',
// Required in most cases.
firebaseAdminInitConfig: {
credential: {
projectId: 'my-example-app-id',
clientEmail: 'example-abc123@my-example-app.iam.gserviceaccount.com',
// The private key must not be accesssible on the client side.
privateKey: process.env.FIREBASE_PRIVATE_KEY,
},
databaseURL: 'https://my-example-app.firebaseio.com',
},
firebaseClientInitConfig: {
apiKey: 'MyExampleAppAPIKey123', // required
authDomain: 'my-example-app.firebaseapp.com',
databaseURL: 'https://my-example-app.firebaseio.com',
projectId: 'my-example-app-id',
},
cookies: {
name: 'ExampleApp', // required
// Keys are required unless you set `signed` to `false`.
// The keys cannot be accessible on the client side.
keys: [
process.env.COOKIE_SECRET_CURRENT,
process.env.COOKIE_SECRET_PREVIOUS,
],
httpOnly: true,
maxAge: 12 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 1000, // twelve days
overwrite: true,
path: '/',
sameSite: 'strict',
secure: true, // set this to false in local (non-HTTPS) development
signed: true,
},
})
}
export default initAuth
Set the private environment variables FIREBASE_PRIVATE_KEY
, COOKIE_SECRET_CURRENT
, and COOKIE_SECRET_PREVIOUS
in .env.local
. See the config documentation for details. If you have enabled the Firebase Authentication Emulator, you will also need to set the FIREBASE_AUTH_EMULATOR_HOST
environment variable.
Initialize next-firebase-auth
in _app.js
:
// ./pages/_app.js
import initAuth from '../initAuth' // the module you created above
initAuth()
function MyApp({ Component, pageProps }) {
return <Component {...pageProps} />
}
export default MyApp
Create login and logout API endpoints that set auth cookies:
// ./pages/api/login
import { setAuthCookies } from 'next-firebase-auth'
import initAuth from '../../initAuth' // the module you created above
initAuth()
const handler = async (req, res) => {
try {
await setAuthCookies(req, res)
} catch (e) {
return res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unexpected error.' })
}
return res.status(200).json({ success: true })
}
export default handler
// ./pages/api/logout
import { unsetAuthCookies } from 'next-firebase-auth'
import initAuth from '../../initAuth' // the module you created above
initAuth()
const handler = async (req, res) => {
try {
await unsetAuthCookies(req, res)
} catch (e) {
return res.status(500).json({ error: 'Unexpected error.' })
}
return res.status(200).json({ success: true })
}
export default handler
Finally, use the authenticated user in a page:
// ./pages/demo
import React from 'react'
import {
useAuthUser,
withAuthUser,
withAuthUserTokenSSR,
} from 'next-firebase-auth'
const Demo = () => {
const AuthUser = useAuthUser()
return (
<div>
<p>Your email is {AuthUser.email ? AuthUser.email : "unknown"}.</p>
</div>
)
}
// Note that this is a higher-order function.
export const getServerSideProps = withAuthUserTokenSSR()()
export default withAuthUser()(Demo)
init(config)
Initializes next-firebase-auth
, taking a config object. Must be called before calling any other method.
withAuthUser({ ...options })(PageComponent)
A higher-order function to provide the AuthUser
context to a component. Use this with any Next.js page that will access the authed user via the useAuthUser
hook. Optionally, it can client-side redirect based on the user's auth status.
It accepts the following options:
Option | Description | Default |
---|---|---|
whenAuthed | The action to take if the user is authenticated. One of AuthAction.RENDER or AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_APP . | AuthAction.RENDER |
whenUnauthedBeforeInit | The action to take if the user is not authenticated but the Firebase client JS SDK has not yet initialized. One of: AuthAction.RENDER , AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN , AuthAction.SHOW_LOADER . | AuthAction.RENDER |
whenUnauthedAfterInit | The action to take if the user is not authenticated and the Firebase client JS SDK has already initialized. One of: AuthAction.RENDER , AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN . | AuthAction.RENDER |
appPageURL | The redirect destination URL when we should redirect to the app. | config.appPageURL |
authPageURL | The redirect destination URL when we should redirect to the login page. | config.authPageURL |
LoaderComponent | The component to render when the user is unauthed and whenUnauthedBeforeInit is set to AuthAction.SHOW_LOADER . | null |
For example, this page will redirect to the login page if the user is not authenticated:
import { withAuthUser, AuthAction } from 'next-firebase-auth'
const DemoPage = () => <div>My demo page</div>
export default withAuthUser({
whenUnauthedAfterInit: AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN,
authPageURL: '/my-login-page/'
})(DemoPage)
Here's an example of a login page that shows a loader until Firebase is initialized, then redirects to the app if the user is already logged in:
import { withAuthUser, AuthAction } from 'next-firebase-auth'
const MyLoader = () => <div>Loading...</div>
const LoginPage = () => <div>My login page</div>
export default withAuthUser({
whenAuthed: AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_APP,
whenUnauthedBeforeInit: AuthAction.SHOW_LOADER,
whenUnauthedAfterInit: AuthAction.RENDER,
LoaderComponent: MyLoader,
})(LoginPage)
withAuthUserTokenSSR({ ...options })(getServerSidePropsFunc = ({ AuthUser }) => {})
A higher-order function that wraps a Next.js pages's getServerSideProps
function to provide the AuthUser
context during server-side rendering. Optionally, it can server-side redirect based on the user's auth status. A wrapped function is optional; if provided, it will be called with a context
object that contains an AuthUser
property.
It accepts the following options:
Option | Description | Default |
---|---|---|
whenAuthed | The action to take if the user is authenticated. Either AuthAction.RENDER or AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_APP . | AuthAction.RENDER |
whenUnauthed | The action to take if the user is not authenticated. Either AuthAction.RENDER or AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN . | AuthAction.RENDER |
appPageURL | The redirect destination URL when we should redirect to the app. | config.appPageURL |
authPageURL | The redirect destination URL when we should redirect to the login page. | config.authPageURL |
For example, this page will SSR for authenticated users, fetching props using their Firebase ID token, and will server-side redirect to the login page if the user is not authenticated:
import { withAuthUser, AuthAction } from 'next-firebase-auth'
const DemoPage = ({ thing }) => <div>The thing is: {thing}</div>
export const getServerSideProps = withAuthUserTokenSSR({
whenUnauthed: AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN,
})(async ({ AuthUser }) => {
// Optionally, get other props.
const token = await AuthUser.getIdToken()
const response = await fetch('/api/my-endpoint', {
method: 'GET',
headers: {
Authorization: token,
},
})
const data = await response.json()
return {
props: {
thing: data.thing
}
}
})
export default withAuthUser()(DemoPage)
withAuthUserSSR({ ...options })(getServerSidePropsFunc = ({ AuthUser }) => {})
Behaves nearly identically to withAuthUserTokenSSR
, with one key difference: it does not validate an ID token. Instead, it simply uses the AuthUser
data from a cookie. Consequently:
AuthUser
provided via context will resolve to null when you call AuthUser.getIdToken()
.withAuthUserTokenSSR
.withAuthUserTokenSSR
.This takes the same options as withAuthUserTokenSSR
.
useAuthUser()
A hook that returns the current AuthUser
. To use this, the Next.js page must be wrapped in withAuthUser
. If the user is not authenticated, useAuthUser
will return an AuthUser
instance with a null id
.
For example:
import { useAuthUser, withAuthUser } from 'next-firebase-auth'
const Demo = () => {
const AuthUser = useAuthUser()
return (
<div>
<p>Your email is {AuthUser.email ? AuthUser.email : "unknown"}.</p>
</div>
)
}
export default withAuthUser()(DemoPage)
setAuthCookies(req, res)
Sets cookies to store the authenticated user's info. Call this from your "login" API endpoint.
Cookies are managed with cookies
. See the config for cookie options.
The req
argument should be an IncomingMessage
/ Next.js request object. The res
argument should be a ServerResponse
/ Next.js response object. It requires that the Authorization
request header be set to the Firebase user ID token, which this package handles automatically.
This can only be called on the server side.
unsetAuthCookies(req, res)
Unsets (expires) the auth cookies. Call this from your "logout" API endpoint.
The req
argument should be an IncomingMessage
/ Next.js request object. The res
argument should be a ServerResponse
/ Next.js response object.
This can only be called on the server side.
verifyIdToken(token) => Promise<AuthUser>
Verifies a Firebase ID token and resolves to an AuthUser
instance. This serves a similar purpose as Firebase admin SDK's verifyIdToken.
AuthAction
An object that defines rendering/redirecting options for withAuthUser
and withAuthUserTokenSSR
. See AuthAction.
See an example config here. Provide the config when you call init
.
authPageURL: The default URL to navigate to when withAuthUser
or withAuthUserTokenSSR
need to redirect to login. Optional unless using the AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN
auth action.
appPageURL: The default URL to navigate to when withAuthUser
or withAuthUserTokenSSR
need to redirect to the app. Optional unless using the AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_APP
auth action.
loginAPIEndpoint: The API endpoint to call when the auth state changes for an authenticated Firebase user. Must be set unless tokenChangedHandler
is set.
logoutAPIEndpoint: The API endpoint to call when the auth state changes for an unauthenticated Firebase user. Must be set unless tokenChangedHandler
is set.
tokenChangedHandler: A callback that runs when the auth state changes for a particular user. Use this if you want to customize how your client-side app calls your login/logout API endpoints (for example, to use a custom fetcher or add custom headers). tokenChangedHandler
receives an AuthUser
as an argument and is called when the user's ID token changes, similarly to Firebase's onIdTokenChanged
event.
If this callback is specified, user is responsible for:
Cannot be set with loginAPIEndpoint
or logoutAPIEndpoint
.
firebaseAuthEmulatorHost: The host and port for the local Firebase Auth Emulator. If this value is set, the auth emulator will be initialized with the provided host and port.
Must be exactly the same as the value of the FIREBASE_AUTH_EMULATOR_HOST
environment variable, e.g., localhost:9099
.
Configuration passed to firebase-admin
's initializeApp
. It should contain a credential
property (a plain object) and a databaseURL
property. Required unless you initialize firebase-admin
yourself before initializing next-firebase-auth
.
The firebaseAdminInitConfig.credential.privateKey
cannot be defined on the client side and should live in a secret environment variable.
Note: if using environent variables in Vercel, add the private key with double quotes via the CLI:
vercel secrets add firebase-private-key '"my-key-here"'
Then, use
JSON.parse
in thefirebaseAdminInitConfig.credential.privateKey
property:privateKey: process.env.FIREBASE_PRIVATE_KEY ? JSON.parse(process.env.FIREBASE_PRIVATE_KEY) : undefined
See this Vercel issue for more information.
firebaseClientInitConfig: Configuration passed to the Firebase JS SDK's initializeApp
. The "firebaseClientInitConfig.apiKey" value is always required. Other properties are required unless you initialize the firebase
app yourself before initializing next-firebase-auth
.
Settings used for auth cookies. We use cookies
to manage cookies.
Properties include:
name
: Used as a base for cookie names: if name
is set to "MyExample", cookies will be named MyExample.AuthUser
and MyExample.AuthUserTokens
(plus MyExample.AuthUser.sig
and MyExample.AuthUserTokens.sig
if cookies are signed). Required.keys
: Used to sign cookies, as described in cookies
. Required unless signed
is set to false
.cookies.set
.The keys
value cannot be defined on the client side and should live in a secret environment variable.
For security, the maxAge
value must be two weeks or less. Note that maxAge
is defined in milliseconds.
Note: The cookies' expirations will be extended automatically when the user loads the Firebase JS SDK.
The Firebase JS SDK is the source of truth for authentication, so if the cookies expire but the user is still authed with Firebase, the cookies will be automatically set again when the user loads the Firebase JS SDK—but the user will not be authed during SSR on that first request.
Defines actions to take depending on on a user's auth status, using the following constants:
AuthAction.RENDER
: render the child component
AuthAction.SHOW_LOADER
: show a loader component
AuthAction.RETURN_NULL
: return null instead of any component
AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_LOGIN
: redirect to the login page
AuthAction.REDIRECT_TO_APP
: redirect to the app
The auth user object used across server- and client-side contexts. This is a normalized representation of a Firebase user.
id - String|null
The Firebase user's ID, or null if the user is not authenticated.
email - String|null
The Firebase user's email address, or null if the user has no email address.
emailVerified - Boolean
Whether the user's email address is verified.
claims - Object
- Added in v0.13.0-alpha.2
getIdToken - Function => Promise<String|null>
An async function that resolves to a valid Firebase ID token string, or null if no valid token is available.
clientInitialized - Boolean
Whether the Firebase JS SDK has initialized. If true
, we are no longer using any user info from server-side props.
firebaseUser - FirebaseUser
|null
The user from the Firebase JS SDK, if it has initialized. Otherwise, null.
signOut - Function => Promise<void>
A method that calls Firebase's signOut
if the Firebase JS SDK has initialized. If the SDK has not initialized, this method is a noop.
You may want to access the Firebase JS SDK or admin app. To do so, you can initialize the Firebase apps yourself prior to initializing next-firebase-auth
. Here's some example code with this pattern.
Have a suggestion on how this can be more intuitive? Please contribute it here: #135
In order to test components wrapped with functions from next-firebase-auth
, you will likely want to mock the next-firebase-auth
library. This can be achieved using the manual mocks feature of Jest.
It can be helpful to define default mock behavior of next-firebase-auth
across your tests. To do so, stub out the module in a top-level __mocks__
folder (alongside the node_modules
in your application):
├── __mocks__
│ └── next-firebase-auth
│ └── index.js
├── node_modules
│ └── ... all your deps
├── src
│ └── ... all your source code
In index.js
, export a mock of next-firebase-auth
:
const { AuthAction } = require('next-firebase-auth')
const NFAMock = jest.createMockFromModule('next-firebase-auth')
module.exports = {
...NFAMock,
// Customize any mocks as needed.
init: jest.fn(),
// For example, in tests, this will automatically render the child component of
// `withAuthUser`.
withAuthUser: jest.fn(() => (wrappedComponent) => wrappedComponent),
useAuthUser: jest.fn(() => ({
// ... you could return a default AuthUser here
}),
AuthAction,
}
See our implementation of this in our tab-web repository for a more robust example.
You will also likely want to have a utility to mock the AuthUser
object that is passed around via the hooks and higher-order functions in next-firebase-auth
. You might put this in a utils
folder in your app.
// Create a mock FirebaseUser instance with the fields that you use.
const mockFirebaseUser = {
displayName: 'Banana Manana',
// ... other fields from firebaseUser that you may use
}
/**
* Build and return a dummy AuthUser instance to use in tests.
*
* @arg {boolean} isLoggedIn - Pass `false` to mimic a logged out user.
* @returns {AuthUserContext} - A mocked AuthUser instance, with 'serialize' added.
*/
const getMockAuthUser = (isLoggedIn = true) => ({
id: isLoggedIn ? 'abcd1234' : null,
email: isLoggedIn ? 'banana@banana.com' : null,
emailVerified: isLoggedIn,
getIdToken: jest.fn(async () => (isLoggedIn ? 'i_am_a_token' : null)),
clientInitialized: isLoggedIn,
firebaseUser: isLoggedIn ? mockFirebaseUser : null,
signOut: jest.fn(),
serialize: jest.fn(() => 'serialized_auth_user'),
})
export default getMockAuthUser
Now, you can use and customize the mock behavior in your tests.
If you're modifying higher-order functions, component being tested needs to be require
d inside a beforeEach
function or inside each test case. This is because mocking next-firebase-auth
has to happen before your component is imported, because the call to the next-firebase-auth
function is part of the default export of your component (e.g., export default withAuthUser()(MyComponent)
).
Given the following component:
import React from 'react'
import { useAuthUser, withAuthUser } from 'next-firebase-auth'
function UserDisplayName() {
const AuthUser = useAuthUser()
const { displayName = 'anonymous' } = AuthUser.firebaseUser
return (
<span>{displayName}</span>
)
}
export default withAuthUser()(UserDisplayName)
you can write a test suite like this:
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
// Import the functions that the component module calls, which allows jest to mock them
// in the context of this test run. This allows you to manipulate the return value of each
// function within this test suite.
import { useAuthUser, withAuthUser } from 'next-firebase-auth'
// Import your mock AuthUser generator
import getMockAuthUser from '../../utils/test-utils/get-mock-auth-user'
// Mock all of `next-firebase-auth`. This is *not* necessary if you set up manual mocks,
// because Jest will automatically mock the module in every test.
jest.mock('next-firebase-auth')
describe('UserDisplayName', () => {
// Create a placeholder for your component that you want to test
let UserDisplayName
beforeEach(() => {
// Mock the functions that your component uses, and import your component before each test.
useAuthUser.mockReturnValue(getMockAuthUser())
withAuthUser.mockImplementation(() => (wrappedComponent) => wrappedComponent))
UserDisplayName = require('./').default
})
afterAll(() => {
// Reset the mocks so that they don't bleed into the next test suite.
jest.resetAllMocks()
})
it('renders the logged in user\'s display name', () => {
// The default value for the mocked implementation of `withAuthUser` is a fully logged in and verified
// user. Rendering your component directly with the setup above will result in a "logged in" user being
// passed to your component.
render(<UserDisplayName />)
expect(screen.queryByTest(getMockAuthUser().firebaseUser.displayName)).toBeInTheDocument()
})
it('renders "anonymous" when user is not logged in', () => {
// If you want to test a "logged out" state, then you can mock the function again inside any test,
// passing a falsy value to `getMockAuthUser`, which will return a logged out AuthUser object.
useAuthUser.mockReturnValue(getMockAuthUser(false))
render(<Header />)
expect(screen.getByText('anonymous')).toBeInTheDocument()
})
})
When using TypeScript for your test files, you will have to cast the mocked functions to get access to the mockImplementation
and mockReturnValue
methods. If we were to rewrite the above example in TS, it might look something like this:
import type { ComponentType } from 'react'
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
// Import the functions that the component module calls, which allows jest to mock them
// in the context of this test run. This allows you to manipulate the return value of each
// function within this test suite.
import { useAuthUser, withAuthUser } from 'next-firebase-auth'
// Import your mock AuthUser generator
import getMockAuthUser from '../../utils/test-utils/get-mock-auth-user'
// Mock all of `next-firebase-auth`. This is *not* necessary if you set up manual mocks,
// because Jest will automatically mock the module
jest.mock('next-firebase-auth')
describe('UserDisplayName', () => {
// Create a placeholder for your component that you want to test
let UserDisplayName: ComponentType
beforeEach(() => {
// Mock the functions that your component uses, and import your component before each test.
(useAuthUser as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue(getMockAuthUser())
(withAuthUser as jest.Mock).mockImplementation(() => (wrappedComponent: ComponentType) => wrappedComponent: ComponentType))
UserDisplayName = require('./').default as ComponentType
})
afterAll(() => {
// Reset the mocks so that they don't bleed into the next test suite.
jest.resetAllMocks()
})
it('renders the logged in user\'s display name', () => {
// The default value for the mocked implementation of `withAuthUser` is a fully logged in and verified
// user. Rendering your component directly with the setup above will result in a "logged in" user being
// passed to your component.
render(<UserDisplayName />)
expect(screen.getByText(getMockAuthUser().firebaseUser.displayName)).toBeInTheDocument()
})
it('renders "anonymous" when user is not logged in', () => {
// If you want to test a "logged out" state, then you can mock the function again inside any test,
// passing a falsy value to `getMockAuthUser`, which will return a logged out AuthUser object.
(useAuthUser as jest.Mock).mockReturnValue(getMockAuthUser(false))
render(<Header />)
expect(screen.getByText('anonymous')).toBeInTheDocument()
})
})
Stuck? Search discussions or open your own Q&A discussion describing what you've already tried.
We expect certain sensitive config values to be falsy on the client side (see the config validation code). This is a precaution to make sure developers aren't accidentally bundling something like their Firebase private key with client JS.
To fix this, ensure the config setting is undefined
on the client side by logging it to your browser console. You can use Next's .env
support to set server-only variables. Never use the NEXT_PUBLIC*
prefix for any secret values.
This package will call a Google endpoint when it needs to refresh a token server-side. You're seeting an error in that request.
To fix this, confirm that your firebaseAdminInitConfig.credential.clientEmail
is correct. It should be the email paired with your Firebase private key.
If that doesn't help, try inspecting the custom token to manually validate the values and structure. Some people encounter this problem when their server time is incorrect.
withAuthUserTokenSSR
, but client-side auth works.If auth is working on the client side but not on the server-side, the auth cookies are most likely not set.
To fix this, confirm the auth cookies are set in your browser's dev tools. If they're not set, please check that the secure
, sameSite
, and path
options passed in the next-firebase-auth
config make sense for your environment. For example, if you're testing on non-HTTPS localhost, make sure secure
is false.
In addition, please double-check your server logs for any errors to ensure the Firebase admin app is initializing properly.
We expect some apps will need some features that are not currently available:
We'd love to hear your feedback on these or other features. Please feel free to open a discussion!
We welcome contributions! Please feel free to jump into any open issues.
It can be helpful to use an in-development version of next-firebase-auth
in another app:
yarn global add yalc
next-firebase-auth
, publish a local version: yarn run dev:publish
-- this builds your local package code, then publishes it with Yalcyalc add next-firebase-auth
next-firebase-auth
, use yarn run dev:publish
again to use the latest local code in your appFAQs
Simple Firebase authentication for all Next.js rendering strategies
The npm package next-firebase-auth receives a total of 939 weekly downloads. As such, next-firebase-auth popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that next-firebase-auth demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 0 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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