node-red-contrib-actionflows

node-red-contrib-actionflows

ActionFlows brings easy to use loops and OOP (object oriented programming) features to Node-RED's flow programming paradigm. Three nodes allow you to create extensible, scoped, looped, and prioritized flows. Utilities include performance benchmarks with nanosecond precision. Advanced use enables the ability to group flows into "libraries" using Node-RED's native subflow capabilities and invocation via JavaScript. You can organize flows for readability and create extendable design patterns. To understand ActionFlows, review each section starting with Basics below and each section's examples.

Basics

The following example of ActionFlows' action node does nothing! "Hello World" is placed in the msg.payload and passes through the action node and can be seen in the debug output; but it's use and versatility can be illustrated with the followup descriptions.

ActionFlows' initial purpose was to allow for "after market" flow extendability. Complex flows can be customized without modifying the original author's flow. This technique can also be used to organize your existing flows for readability, but links and subflows maybe better suited for that single purpose. ActionFlows provide additional key functionality (described later in this document):

• "Late binding"; extend complex flows without modifying the original flow
• Looping; call flow segments repeatedly with conditional iteration
• Create OOP-like "classes" (subflows) with public/private flows
• Prioritize flows; allow for OOP-like overrides & inheritance
• Flow scopes; private, protected, and global flows

Simply include the action flow inline at specific points where you would like to enable vendor customization. Like Node-RED's native subflows, a description field allows you to create optional API (application programming interface) documentation. The action node works like a subflow, allowing you to define a reusable flow segment between the nodes action in and action out. Flow execution resumes like Node-RED's native links node with "virtual wires" at the action in node and returns to the calling action node after encountering the action out node.

Unlike the links node, the action node invokes the action in node by a prefix naming schema; allowing for multiple add-on flow segments to be appended to the original flow. An action node's name determines the name of the corresponding action in node that will be activated. Use the action node's name as a prefix for all subsequent action in nodes that you wish to be callable by the action node. For instance, an action node named "Sample", will call any action in nodes with names like "Sample in", "Sample-in", "Sample_Exercise", or "sample.acme.com".

A prefix is an existing `action` node's name followed by
a space, hyphen, underscore, or a period.

If present, ActionFlows will invoke multiple matching prefix named nodes sequentially. By default, the sequence order is by creation order but can be changed using the action in node's Priority property.

In the example above:

1. The action node is encountered with msg.payload containing "Hello World".
2. The action in node (named "action in") is called, changing "World" into "World, and Solar System!".
3. The action in node (named "action 2") is called after the last action out node and "World" is replaced with "Mars".

The versatility of ActionFlows allows the adding of additional flow sequences after the original flow has been authored. The action in node's flow segments can be created or imported dynamically (such as with the flowman node). Flows can be defined on other tabs or within subflows (see the "Libraries and Scope" section below) or restricted to the same tab or subflow where the calling action node has been defined.

Flow sequence order can also be changed by the action in node's settings (see the "Priorities" section).

Download the Basic example flow here.

Benchmarks and Debugging

Benchmarks in the action node allow you to see how long all action in flow sequences take to execute. Use the checkbox labelled "Debug action cycle execution time" to see debug output indicating how long it took to run all of the corresponding action in/out flow segments before returning to the calling action.

Note: Benchmarks report how long it takes to run all matching action in/out flows for one given iteration. Loops return to the action node before repeating and may generate multiple debug outputs.

Use the "Debug invocation sequence" checkbox to reveal the name of each action in that is called, it's sequence order, and node id in the debug tab.

Priorities

Priorities allow you to define ActionFlows that take precedence over other ActionFlows. Inspired by WordPress' core actions and filters API, Priorities are at the heart of manageable extendability. In our Basic example sequence we see that two action in/out flow segments have been defined; each changing the "Hello World" in msg.payload to eventually become "Hello Mars, and Solar System!". However, if we simply change the action in/out flow sequences, we end up with "Hello Mars" in the msg.payload.

Here we modify the node "action in" and "action 2" to execute in the reverse order thus changing the debug output message. Open the settings for the nodes and change the Priority for "action 2" to 45 and leave "action in" with Priority 50 (the default). Now when the action node is encountered, it will seek out the action in/out flows and run them in a different sequence; the lower the Priority number the earlier the flow order will be executed. Two flows with the same Priority number will execute sequentially starting with whichever flow was defined first.

Priority numbers can vary between 1 to 99. The lower the number, the earlier a defined flow segment will execute. I.e. An action in node with #1 priority executes before a #2 priority, etc. It is recommended that you leave the priority numbers at their default of 50 to allow overrides by other authors (if need be). Often times, multiple vendors or "plugin" authors may provide future functionality that are priority dependent. For example, a localization/translation service plugin may want to change their Priority for their action in/out flow to 95 to ensure that their flow sequence runs last. Thereby ensuring that they have all messages at hand that might need to be translated from one spoken language to another; even if other plugin authors include their action in/out flows leveraging the same action node.

Nesting

ActionFlows can be nested whereby a flow segment can include an action node that in turn, invokes additional action in/out flow segments. One way to trace an ActionFlows' sequence is to use the "Debug invocation sequence" checkbox or, (as illustrated below) by using the delay node. Be sure to set the delay to above 2 seconds to see the blue dot appear in the action in/out flow path and for the green dot and "running" indicator under the active action node. Please see the animated gif below.

In this simple animation, the main action node calls two defined flows; one action in/out node called "action in" and another called "action in 2". The "action in 2" flow contains an action node called "nested" that invokes the action in/out node named "nested in". The first action node waits until all other flows and nested flows complete their sequence. Watch the end of the animation above to view an overlay showing the complete flow path.

Download the Nesting example flow here.

Loops

The action node allows execution of action in/out node segments based on a conditional loop. The default loop mode for an action node is "none" for no looping. Use the Looping drop down combobox to select the loop type.

Note: The action node icon will change from a lightening bolt to a circular arrow to indicate the action is in loop mode.

In our example below, we will select the option "Increment from zero". This option is followed by the variable we'd like to use in our conditional loop. The "...from zero" ensures that the variable will be initialized to contain the numeric value 0 when the action node is first encountered in the given flow. The variable will be incremented by a numeric 1 each time all corresponding action in/out nodes have completed. An initial check of the condition occurs before each iteration. In this case, we will check if the variable msg.loop is greater than 2; causing the loop to iterate three times (0, 1, 2).

The msg.loop variable is accessible to our change node allowing us to inject it into a string and output the count to the debug window. When the flow is run, the debug window should show three separate outputs; "Testing 0", "Testing 1", and "Testing 2" before execution of the flow is stopped.

Download the Loops example flow here.

Looping Modes

The Looping options in the drop down combobox are defined as follows:

None

No Looping. The action node will seek out any defined action in nodes and will call them sequentially, one time only.

Watch

Watch the given variable and compare it using the set logic operator with the comparison variable/value; sequentially invoke each of the defined action in nodes until the set logic operator evaluates to true. Note: the variable should already exist prior to encountering this node. The logic condition is checked before the first loop iteration.

Decrement

Decrement the given variable after each loop iteration. Note: the variable should already exist prior to encountering this node. The logic condition is checked before the first loop iteration, followed by calling each defined action in flow. The decrement operation occurs after all defined action in flows have completed.

Increment

Increment the given variable after each loop iteration. Note: the variable should already exist prior to encountering this node. The logic condition is checked before the first loop iteration, followed by calling each defined action in flow. The increment operation occurs after all defined action in flows have completed.

Increment From Zero

When a flow initially invokes the action node, the given variable will be reset to zero. If the variable does not exist, it will be created. The logic condition is checked before the first loop iteration, followed by calling each defined action in flow. The increment operation occurs after all defined action in flows have completed. The looping will continue until the logic condition evaluates to a logical true.

Until Conditional Logic Operator

The loop mode will continue until the given conditional logic operator evaluates to a logical true. The Until options in the drop down combobox are defined as follows:

== (equals)

Checks if the given variable is equal to the comparison variable or value.

!= (not equals)

Checks if the given variable is not equal to the comparison variable or value.

< (less than)

Checks if the given variable is less than the comparison variable or value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain numeric values.

<= (less than or equal to)

Checks if the given variable is less than or equal to the comparison variable or value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain numeric values.

> (greater than)

Checks if the given variable is greater than the comparison variable or value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain numeric values.

>= (greater than or equal to)

Checks if the given variable is greater than or equal to the comparison variable or value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain numeric values.

contains

Checks if the given variable contains the value in the comparison variable/value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain string data.

not contains

Checks if the given variable does not contain the value in the comparison variable/value. Note: the given variable and comparison variable/value should contain string data.

Libraries and Scope

Scope provides functionality for flows that are more commonly found in OOP (object oriented programming) environments. Using scopes with ActionFlows allows you to build reusable flow libraries that may act as base for other flows. Regardless of the scope setting, action nodes will invoke all matching action in flows that are on the same "z plane" (same tab or within the same subflow). However, there are many benefits to using the different scope modes and in different combinations. Here are the three main levels of scope which define ActionFlows' behaviors:

global

The "global" scope is the default mode. The "global" setting allows you to use ActionFlows across multiple tabs or within different subflows. An action node will invoke any action in flow segment across the system, regardless of where they are defined (within subflows or other tabs). Flows will be invoked if the action in node's name begins with the name of the corresponding action node. Use the global scope to allow other developers to extend a flow on their own tab or without having to modify an existing flow no matter where it is located (i.e. deep within a subflows). Placing a group of global ActionFlows within a subflow is an easy way to distribute modular behaviors or add vendor specific functionality.

protected

Using the "protected" scope setting for ActionFlows allows you to group functionality while avoiding conflicts with common names that could occur with global scope. Unlike global scope, protected scope restricts action and corresponding action in nodes to the same tab. Furthermore, protected scope places restrictions on accessing ActionFlows within a subflow; you may still access them but must first declare a prefix that is the subflow's name. This allows you to work with multiple subflows as object instances in a similar fashion that OOP developers use classes and objects with public or private methods.

ActionFlows can address other ActionFlows within subflows using an explicit prefix to identify the subflow location of other ActionFlows nodes. The prefix is the name of the subflow where the corresponding action or action in node exists. In the screenshot above we have two examples:

An example of an action node calling a flow segment defined outside the subflow. 1a) The subflow is defined on the tab with the name "acme", it is invoked with an injector supplying the string "Hello". 1b) The injector activates the subflow's action node named "action". 1c) The flow segment outside the subflow is found by the name acme.action because the action in node's name starts with the subflow name and the action node's name within it "action".

The flow segment contains a change node that alters the "Hello" and changes it to "Hi".

An example of a flow segment defined inside a subflow and accessed from outside. 2a) The action node named "acme.sample in" finds the defined flow segment inside the subflow named "acme". 2b) Within the "acme" subflow is the action in node named "sample".

The flow segment has a change node that changes the injector's "Hello" string to "Good bye".

Download the Protected Scope example flow here.

The following namespace-like rules apply to using ActionFlows with "protected" scope inside of subflows:

• Both action and action in names must match within a subflow. I.e. an action named "sample" will invoke any action in beginning with the name "sample". The subflow name as a prefix is not necessary from inside the subflow.
• ActionFlows defined outside of the subflow must declare the subflow name as apart of the prefix. For example, an action node named "apple" within a subflow named "fruits" could invoke an action in node at the tab level if the action in node's name begins with the subflow name, i.e. "fruits.apple". Likewise, sub-subflows (subflows that exist within subflows) would require additional prefixes to address the innermost node.
• Protected scope nodes can only invoke one another within the same tab.

private

Private flows are useful if your actions have a commonly used name and/or you wish to restrict extendability to within a subflow or tab. Unlike protected scope, private scope inhibits the ability to invoke or respond to ActionFlows that are defined outside of the given subflow or tab where the ActionFlows exists. Using private scope helps avoid naming conflicts but prevents extensibility.

Mixed Scope Modes

Note that both action and action in nodes have a scope setting. For example within a subflow, a global scope action next to private scope action in will have a unique ability; this pattern ensures that the internal private action in is always invoked once within the subflow and only for that subflow instance. Any other action in nodes of the same name elsewhere could also be called but the internal action in can never be invoked from other instances of the subflow.

Scope Icons

Scope settings are reflected in the ActionFlows node icons. The icons for action in nodes, action nodes (in single or loop mode) will depict a small "hint" icon in the upper right hand corner to indicate the scope setting.

ActionFlows and JavaScript

ActionFlows creates a global object called "actionflows" that you can obtain a reference to in JavaScript. The object contains a number of data structures and methods that determine the runtime behavior of ActionFlows. For instance, the ActionFlows' action in nodes can be pragmatically invoked using Node-RED's native JavaScript function node. To invoke a given action in node, you will need to obtain a reference to the "actionflows" global object. Line 1 in the screenshot below shows how to get a reference to "actionflows" in the variable af. From there you may use the af object's invoke method to call an existing action in node (line 2). The invoke method expects two parameters; the first should be a string representing the name that any matching action in node should begin with. The second should be the msg object to be passed into the matching action in node.

In the given screenshot, the JavaScript function node invokes the action in node with the name "action". The flow is executed and appends the string " World" to the injector node's "Hello" resulting in "Hello World" in the debug window.

Download the JavaScript Invoke example flow here.

The actionflows global object contains the following methods and properties of interest:

Methods

invoke - Invokes any matching action in nodes with the name found in the first parameter. The second parameter should be the msg object to be passed into the flow segment. A promise object is returned with a single incoming parameter containing the returned msg object. Note: the invoke method ignores scope settings and can be used to invoke any action in node by name.

map - The map method processes all the found action and action in nodes and builds an associative map. This method is called once internally at deployment and determines the order in which each action in node is called for it's corresponding action node. The results are updated in the actions property (see below).

Properties

actions - An object containing the calculated associative map from the map method (defined above) that is used internally by ActionFlows. The map is a list of enabled action node instances with a special ins property containing corresponding, action in node instances based on their priority and scope settings. The map allows ActionFlows to quickly execute sequential flows at runtime. Editing this list will alter the ActionFlows behavior (use with caution). The object can be reset by recalling the map method or re-deploying to restore the original design-time flow settings.

afs - An object containing all the action nodes in the system. This property is used internally by the map method to determine the runtime behavior of ActionFlows. Altering this list prior to calling the map method will permanently change the runtime behavior of ActionFlows. Alteration is not recommended as this will disable the ability to reset the behavior until re-deployment.

ins - An object containing all the action in nodes in the system. This property is used internally by the map method to determine the runtime behavior of ActionFlows. Altering this list prior to calling the map method will permanently change the runtime behavior of ActionFlows. Alteration is not recommended as this will disable the ability to reset the behavior until re-deployment.

Reserved Action Names

Currently, ActionFlows has only one reserved action in node name:

#deployed

Any action in nodes that start with #deployed in their name will be invoked at deployment. This would be the equivalent of paring an inject node with the option for "Inject once at start" set to invoke a flow segment defined by ActionFlows.

Installation

Run the following command in your Node-RED user directory (typically ~/.node-red):

npm install node-red-contrib-actionflows

The ActionFlows' nodes will appear in the palette under the advanced group as the nodes action, action in, and action out.