remix-domains

Keep your business logic clean with Remix Domains

Remix Domains helps you decouple your business logic from your Remix actions and loaders. With first-class type inference from end to end. It does this by enforcing the parameters' types in runtime (through zod schemas) and always wrapping results (even exceptions) into a Promise<Result<Output>> type.

Table of contents

• Benefits
• Quickstart
• Create your first action with Remix
• Taking parameters that are not user input
• Dealing with errors
  • Changing the ErrorResult with Custom Errors
  • Using error messages in the UI
    • errorMessagesFor
    • errorMessagesForSchema
• Combining domain functions
  • all
  • pipe
  • map
  • mapError
• Extracting input values for domain functions
  • inputFromForm
  • inputFromFormData
  • inputFromUrl
  • inputFromSearch
• Improve type inference with Utility Types
  • UnpackData
  • UnpackSuccess
  • UnpackResult
• Resources
• Acknowlegements

Benefits

• End-to-End typesafety all the way from the Backend to the UI
• Keep your Remix Actions and Loaders slim and tidy
• Removes the plumbing of extracting and parsing structured data from your Requests
• Keep your domain functions decoupled from the framework, with the assurance that your values conform to your types
• Easier to test and maintain business logic
• Business Logic can be expressed in the type system

Quickstart

npm i remix-domains zod

import { makeDomainFunction, inputFromForm } from 'remix-domains'
import * as z from 'zod'

const schema = z.object({ number: z.preprocess(Number, z.number()) })
const increment = makeDomainFunction(schema)(async ({ number }) => number + 1)

const result = await increment({ number: 1 })
/*
result = {
  success: true,
  data: 2,
  errors: []
  inputErrors: []
  environmentErrors: []
}
*/
const failedResult = await increment({ number: 'foo' })
/*
failedResult = {
  success: false,
  inputErrors: [{ path: ['number'], message: 'Expected number, received nan' }],
  environmentErrors: []
  errors: [],
}
*/

To understand how to build the schemas, refer to Zod documentation.

Create your first action with Remix

import type { ActionFunction } from 'remix'
import { useActionData, redirect } from 'remix'
import { makeDomainFunction, inputFromForm } from 'remix-domains'
import * as z from 'zod'

const schema = z.object({ number: z.preprocess(Number, z.number()) })
const increment = makeDomainFunction(schema)(({ number }) => number + 1)

export const action: ActionFunction = async ({ request }) => {
  const result = await increment(await inputFromForm(request))

  if (!result.success) return result

  return redirect('/')
}

export default function Index() {
  const actionData = useActionData()

  return (
    <Form method="post">
      <input name="number" type="number" />
      {actionData.inputErrors && (
        <span role="alert">{actionData.inputErrors[0].message}</span>
      )}
      <button type="submit">
        Submit
      </button>
    </Form>
  )
}

Taking parameters that are not user input

Sometimes you want to ensure the safety of certain values that weren't explicitly sent by the user. We call them environment:

// In some app/domain/*.server.ts file
const sendEmail = makeDomainFunction(
  z.object({ email: z.string().email() }), // user input schema
  z.object({ origin: z.string() }) // environment schema
)(
  async ({ email }, { origin }) => {
    mailer.send({
      email,
      message: `Link to reset password: ${origin}/reset-password`
    })
  }
)

// In your Remix action:
export const action = async ({ request }) => {
  const environment = (request: Request) => ({
    origin: new URL(request.url).origin,
  })

  await sendEmail(
    await inputFromForm(request),
    environment(request),
  )
}

We usually use the environment for ensuring authenticated requests. In this case, assume you have a currentUser function that returns the authenticated user:

const dangerousFunction = makeDomainFunction(
  someInputSchema,
  z.object({ user: z.object({ id: z.string(), admin: z.literal(true) }) })
)(async (input, { user }) => {
  // do something that only the admin can do
})

Dealing with errors

The error result has the following structure:

type ErrorResult = {
  success: false
  errors: { message: string }[]
  inputErrors: SchemaError[]
  environmentErrors: SchemaError[]
}

Where inputErrors and environmentErrors will be the errors from parsing the corresponding Zod schemas and errors will be for any exceptions thrown inside the domain function:

const alwaysFails = makeDomainFunction(input, environment)(async () => {
  throw new Error('Some error')
})

const failedResult = await alwaysFails(someInput)
/*
failedResult = {
  success: false,
  errors: [{ message: 'Some error' }],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [],
}
*/

Changing the ErrorResult with Custom Errors

Or you can throw an InputError whenever you want a custom input error that cannot be generated by your schema.

const alwaysFails = makeDomainFunction(input, environment)(async () => {
  throw new InputError('Email already taken', 'email')
})

const failedResult = await alwaysFails(someInput)
/*
failedResult = {
  success: false,
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [{ message: 'Email already taken', path: ['email'] }],
  environmentErrors: [],
}
*/

To throw several input errors in one shot you can use the pluralized version InputErrors as in:

const alwaysFails = makeDomainFunction(input, environment)(async () => {
  throw new InputErrors([{message: 'Email already taken', path: 'email'}, {message: 'Password too short', path: 'password'}])
})

const failedResult = await alwaysFails(someInput)
/*
failedResult = {
  success: false,
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [{ message: 'Email already taken', path: ['email'] }, { message: 'Password too short', path: ['password'] }],
  environmentErrors: [],
}
*/

You can also return a custom environment error by throwing an EnvironmentError.

Using error messages in the UI

To improve DX when dealing with errors we do export a couple of utilities.

errorMessagesFor

Given a array of SchemaError be it from inputErrors or environmentErrors and a name, it returns a list of error messages with that name in their path.

const result = {
  success: false,
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [{ message: 'Must not be empty', path: ['host'] }, { message: 'Must be a fully qualified domain', path: ['host'] }]
}

errorMessagesFor(result.inputErrors, 'email') === null
errorMessagesFor(result.environmentErrors, 'host').message === 'Must not be empty'

errorMessagesForSchema

Given a array of SchemaError be it from inputErrors or environmentErrors and a Zod Schema, it returns an object with a list of error messages for each key in the schema shape.

const schema = z.object({ email: z.string().nonEmpty(), password: z.string().nonEmpty() })
const result = {
  success: false,
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [{ message: 'Must not be empty', path: ['email'] }, { message: 'Must be a string', path: ['email'] }, { message: 'Must not be empty', path: ['password'] }],
  environmentErrors: []
}

errorForSchema(result.inputErrors, schema)
/*
{
  email: ['Must not be empty', 'Must be a string'],
  password: ['Must not be empty']
}
*/

Combining domain functions

all

It creates a single domain function out of multiple domain functions. It will pass the same input and environment to all given functions. The resulting data is going to be a tuple of the results of each function only when all functions are successful.

const a = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(async ({ id }) => String(id))
const b = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(async ({ id }) => id + 1)
const c = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(async ({ id }) => Boolean(id))

const results = await all(a, b, c)({ id: 1 })

On the exemple above, the result will be of type Result<[string, number, boolean]>:

{
  success: true,
  data: ['1', 2, true],
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [],
}

If one or more of the functions fails, the errors will be concatenated:

const a = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(async () => {
  throw new Error('Error A')
})
const b = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(async () => {
  throw new Error('Error B')
})

const results = await all(a, b)({ id: 1 })

/*{
  success: false,
  errors: [{ message: 'Error A' }, { message: 'Error B' }],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [],
}*/

pipe

It creates a single domain function out of a composition of multiple domain functions. It will pass the same environment to all given functions and pass the output of one to the next's input in left-to-right order. The resulting data is going to be the output of the rightmost function.

Note that there is no type-level assurance (yet) that one function output will be succesfully parsed by the next function in the pipeline.

const a = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ aNumber: z.number() }))(
  async ({ aNumber }) => ({
    aString: String(aNumber),
  }),
)
const b = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ aString: z.string() }))(
  async ({ aString }) => ({
    aBoolean: aString == '1',
  }),
)
const c = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ aBoolean: z.boolean() }))(
  async ({ aBoolean }) => !aBoolean,
)

const d = pipe(a, b, c)

const result = await d({ aNumber: 1 })

On the exemple above, the result will be of type Result<boolean>:

{
  success: true,
  data: false,
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [],
}

If one functions fails, the execution will halt and the error returned.

map

It creates a single domain function that will apply a transformation over the result.data of a successful DomainFunction. When the given domain function fails, its error is returned wihout changes. The resulting data is going to be the output of the second argument.

This could be useful when composing domain functions to align their types:

const fetchAsText = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ userId: z.number() }))(
  ({ userId }) =>
    fetch(`https://reqres.in/api/users/${String(userId)}`).then((r) =>
      r.json(),
    ),
)

const fullName = makeDomainFunction(
  z.object({ first_name: z.string(), last_name: z.string() }),
)(async ({ first_name, last_name }) => `${first_name} ${last_name}`)

const fetchFullName = pipe(
  map(fetchAsText, ({ data }) => data),
  fullName,
)

const result = fetchFullName({ userId: 2 })

On the exemple above, the result will be of type Result<string> and tis value something like:

{
  success: true,
  data: 'Janet Weaver',
  errors: [],
  inputErrors: [],
  environmentErrors: [],
}

mapError

It creates a single domain function that will apply a transformation over the ErrorResult of a failed DomainFunction. When the given domain function suceeds, its result is returned wihout changes.

This could be useful when adding any layer of error handling. In the example bellow we are discarding the contents of the errors but keeping a tally of how many there were:

const increment = makeDomainFunction(z.object({ id: z.number() }))(
  async ({ id }) => id + 1,
)

const summarizeErrors = (result: ErrorData) =>
  ({
    errors: [{ message: 'Number of errors: ' + result.errors.length }],
    inputErrors: [
      { message: 'Number of input errors: ' + result.inputErrors.length },
    ],
    environmentErrors: [
      { message: 'Number of environment errors: ' + result.environmentErrors.length },
    ],
  } as ErrorData)

const incrementWithErrorSummary = mapError(increment, summarizeErrors)

const result = await incrementWithErrorSummary({ invalidInput: '1' })

On the exemple above, the result will be:

{
  success: false,
  errors: [{ message: 'Number of errors: 0' }],
  inputErrors: [{ message: 'Number of input errors: 1' }],
  environmentErrors: [{ message: 'Number of environment errors: 0' }],
}

Extracting input values for domain functions

We export some functions to help you extract values out of your requests before sending them as user input.

inputFromForm

Extracts values sent in a request through the FormData as an object of values:

// Given the following form:
function Form() {
  return (
    <form method="post">
      <input name="email" value="[e-mail]" />
      <input name="password" value="1234" />
      <button type="submit">
        Submit
      </button>
    </form>
  )
}

export const action = async ({ request }) => {
  const values = await inputFromForm(request)
  // values = { email: '[e-mail]', password: '1234' }
}

inputFromFormData

Extracts a structured object from a FormData:

const formData = new FormData()
formData.append('email', '[e-mail]')
formData.append('tasks[]', 'one')
formData.append('tasks[]', 'two')
const values = inputFromFormData(formData)
// values = { email: '[e-mail]', tasks: ['one', 'two'] }

inputFromUrl

Extracts values sent in a request through the URL as an object of values:

// Given the following form:
function Form() {
  return (
    <form method="get">
      <button name="page" value="2">
        Change URL
      </button>
    </form>
  )
}

export const action = async ({ request }) => {
  const values = inputFromUrl(request)
  // values = { page: '2' }
}

inputFromSearch

Extracts a structured object from a URLSearchParams object:

const qs = new URLSearchParams()
qs.append('colors[]', 'red')
qs.append('colors[]', 'green')
qs.append('colors[]', 'blue')
const values = inputFromSearch(qs)
// values = { colors: ['red', 'green', 'blue'] }

All of the functions above will parse the input using qs, thus allowing structured data as follows:

// Given the following form:
function Form() {
  return (
    <form method="post">
      <input name="numbers[]" value="1" />
      <input name="numbers[]" value="2" />
      <input name="person[0][email]" value="[e-mail]" />
      <input name="person[0][password]" value="1234" />
      <button type="submit">
        Submit
      </button>
    </form>
  )
}

export const action = async ({ request }) => {
  const values = await inputFromForm(request)
  /*
  values = {
    numbers: ['1', '2'],
    person: [{ email: '[e-mail]', password: '1234' }]
  }
  */
}

To better understand how to structure your data, refer to qs documentation

Improve type inference with Utility Types

UnpackData

It infers the returned data of a successful domain function:

const fn = makeDomainFunction()(async () => '')

type Data = UnpackData<typeof fn>
// Data = string

UnpackSuccess

It infers the success result of a domain function:

const fn = makeDomainFunction()(async () => '')

type Success = UnpackSuccess<typeof fn>
// Success = { success: true, data: string, errors: [], inputErrors: [], environmentErrors: [] }
// Which is the same as: SuccessResult<string>

UnpackResult

It infers the result of a domain function:

const fn = makeDomainFunction()(async () => '')

type Result = UnpackResult<typeof fn>
/*
Result =
  | { success: true, data: string, errors: [], inputErrors: [], environmentErrors: [], }
  | { success: false, errors: { message: string }[], inputErrors: SchemaError[], environmentErrors: SchemaError[] }

* Which is the same as:
Result<string>
* Which is the same as:
SuccessResult<string> | ErrorResult
*/

Resources

• Blog post: How remix-domains improves the already awesome DX of Remix projects

Acknowlegements

We are grateful for Zod as it is a great library and informed our design. It's worth mentioning two other projects that inspired remix domains:

• Servant
• tRPC