rewire

What is rewire?

Rewire is a testing utility for Node.js that allows you to modify the behavior of a module by overriding its private variables and functions. This is particularly useful for unit testing, as it enables you to test private functions and mock dependencies.

What are rewire's main functionalities?

Accessing Private Variables

This feature allows you to access private variables within a module. In the code sample, `privateVar` is a private variable in `myModule` that is accessed using `__get__`.

const rewire = require('rewire');
const myModule = rewire('./myModule');
const privateVar = myModule.__get__('privateVar');
console.log(privateVar);

Mocking Private Functions

This feature allows you to mock private functions within a module. In the code sample, `privateFunction` is a private function in `myModule` that is mocked using `__set__`.

const rewire = require('rewire');
const myModule = rewire('./myModule');
myModule.__set__('privateFunction', function() { return 'mocked'; });
console.log(myModule.somePublicFunction());

Mocking Dependencies

This feature allows you to mock dependencies of a module. In the code sample, `dependency` is a dependency of `myModule` that is mocked using `__set__`.

const rewire = require('rewire');
const myModule = rewire('./myModule');
myModule.__set__('dependency', { someMethod: () => 'mocked' });
console.log(myModule.somePublicFunction());

Other packages similar to rewire

proxyquire

Proxyquire is a module that allows you to override dependencies during testing. Unlike Rewire, which focuses on accessing and modifying private variables and functions, Proxyquire is more about replacing entire dependencies with mocks or stubs.

sinon

Sinon is a testing library that provides standalone test spies, stubs, and mocks. While it doesn't allow you to access private variables directly like Rewire, it is very powerful for creating mocks and stubs for functions and objects.

testdouble

Testdouble is a library for creating test doubles (mocks, stubs, etc.). It focuses on providing a clean and simple API for creating test doubles, but it doesn't provide the ability to access or modify private variables like Rewire.

README

rewire

Easy monkey-patching for node.js unit tests

rewire adds a special setter and getter to modules so you can modify their behaviour for better unit testing. You may

• inject mocks for other modules or globals like process
• inspect private variables
• override variables within the module.

Please note: The current version of rewire is only compatible with CommonJS modules. See Limitations.

Installation

npm install rewire

Introduction

Imagine you want to test this module:

// lib/myModule.js
// With rewire you can change all these variables
var fs = require("fs"),
    path = "/somewhere/on/the/disk";

function readSomethingFromFileSystem(cb) {
    console.log("Reading from file system ...");
    fs.readFile(path, "utf8", cb);
}

exports.readSomethingFromFileSystem = readSomethingFromFileSystem;

Now within your test module:

// test/myModule.test.js
var rewire = require("rewire");

var myModule = rewire("../lib/myModule.js");

rewire acts exactly like require. With just one difference: Your module will now export a special setter and getter for private variables.

myModule.__set__("path", "/dev/null");
myModule.__get__("path"); // = '/dev/null'

This allows you to mock everything in the top-level scope of the module, like the fs module for example. Just pass the variable name as first parameter and your mock as second.

var fsMock = {
    readFile: function (path, encoding, cb) {
        expect(path).to.equal("/somewhere/on/the/disk");
        cb(null, "Success!");
    }
};
myModule.__set__("fs", fsMock);

myModule.readSomethingFromFileSystem(function (err, data) {
    console.log(data); // = Success!
});

You can also set multiple variables with one call.

myModule.__set__({
    fs: fsMock,
    path: "/dev/null"
});

You may also override globals. These changes are only within the module, so you don't have to be concerned that other modules are influenced by your mock.

myModule.__set__({
    console: {
        log: function () { /* be quiet */ }
    },
    process: {
        argv: ["testArg1", "testArg2"]
    }
});

__set__ returns a function which reverts the changes introduced by this particular __set__ call

var revert = myModule.__set__("port", 3000);

// port is now 3000
revert();
// port is now the previous value

For your convenience you can also use the __with__ method which reverts the given changes after it finished.

myModule.__with__({
    port: 3000
})(function () {
    // within this function port is 3000
});
// now port is the previous value again

The __with__ method is also aware of promises. If a thenable is returned all changes stay until the promise has either been resolved or rejected.

myModule.__with__({
    port: 3000
})(function () {
    return new Promise(...);
}).then(function () {
    // now port is the previous value again
});
// port is still 3000 here because the promise hasn't been resolved yet

Limitations

Babel's ES module emulation
During the transpilation step from ESM to CJS modules, Babel renames internal variables. Rewire will not work in these cases (see #62). Other Babel transforms, however, should be fine. Another solution might be switching to babel-plugin-rewire.

Variables inside functions
Variables inside functions can not be changed by rewire. This is constrained by the language.

// myModule.js
(function () {
    // Can't be changed by rewire
    var someVariable;
})()

Modules that export primitives
rewire is not able to attach the __set__- and __get__-method if your module is just exporting a primitive. Rewiring does not work in this case.

// Will throw an error if it's loaded with rewire()
module.exports = 2;

Globals with invalid variable names
rewire imports global variables into the local scope by prepending a list of var declarations:

var someGlobalVar = global.someGlobalVar;

If someGlobalVar is not a valid variable name, rewire just ignores it. In this case you're not able to override the global variable locally.

Special globals
Please be aware that you can't rewire eval() or the global object itself.

API

rewire(filename: String): rewiredModule

Returns a rewired version of the module found at filename. Use rewire() exactly like require().

rewiredModule.__set__(name: String, value: *): Function

Sets the internal variable name to the given value. Returns a function which can be called to revert the change.

rewiredModule.__set__(obj: Object): Function

Takes all enumerable keys of obj as variable names and sets the values respectively. Returns a function which can be called to revert the change.

rewiredModule.__get__(name: String): *

Returns the private variable with the given name.

rewiredModule.__with__(obj: Object): Function<callback: Function>

Returns a function which - when being called - sets obj, executes the given callback and reverts obj. If callback returns a promise, obj is only reverted after the promise has been resolved or rejected. For your convenience the returned function passes the received promise through.

Caveats

Difference to require()
Every call of rewire() executes the module again and returns a fresh instance.

rewire("./myModule.js") === rewire("./myModule.js"); // = false

This can especially be a problem if the module is not idempotent like mongoose models.

Globals are imported into the module's scope at the time of rewiring
Since rewire imports all gobals into the module's scope at the time of rewiring, property changes on the global object after that are not recognized anymore. This is a problem when using sinon's fake timers after you've called rewire().

Dot notation
Although it is possible to use dot notation when calling __set__, it is strongly discouraged in most cases. For instance, writing myModule.__set__("console.log", fn) is effectively the same as just writing console.log = fn. It would be better to write:

myModule.__set__("console", {
    log: function () {}
});

This replaces console just inside myModule. That is, because rewire is using eval() to turn the key expression into an assignment. Hence, calling myModule.__set__("console.log", fn) modifies the log function on the global console object.

webpack

See rewire-webpack

License

MIT

Changelog

7.0.0

• Breaking: Remove official Node v10, v12, v14 and v16 support. We had to do this because one of our dependencies had security issues and the version with the fix dropped Node v10 as well. Additionally, there were also package-lock.json issues because of a breaking change at npm 6deb9bd3edb1d3531ffa689968339f9fd390a5d5 092e554955db2591d09b57d3b87a575ee0d510a9
• Breaking: Remove CoffeeScript support e0ea17d2e13ef4fb054980c1c5c62edcfd10632f
• Add TypeScript support #204