satori

What is satori?

Satori is an npm package designed to generate SVG images from HTML and CSS. It is particularly useful for creating dynamic, server-side rendered graphics that can be used in various applications such as social media previews, charts, and more.

What are satori's main functionalities?

Generate SVG from HTML

This feature allows you to convert HTML content into an SVG image. The code sample demonstrates how to generate an SVG from a simple HTML string.

const satori = require('satori');
const html = '<div>Hello, World!</div>';
const svg = satori(html, { width: 200, height: 100 });
console.log(svg);

Support for CSS Styling

Satori supports CSS styling within the HTML content. The code sample shows how to apply CSS styles to the HTML content before converting it to an SVG.

const satori = require('satori');
const html = '<div style="color: red;">Hello, World!</div>';
const svg = satori(html, { width: 200, height: 100 });
console.log(svg);

Custom Fonts

You can use custom fonts in your HTML content when generating SVGs. The code sample demonstrates how to include a custom font in the SVG generation process.

const satori = require('satori');
const html = '<div style="font-family: CustomFont;">Hello, World!</div>';
const svg = satori(html, { width: 200, height: 100, fonts: [{ name: 'CustomFont', data: 'base64-encoded-font-data' }] });
console.log(svg);

Other packages similar to satori

html-to-image

The 'html-to-image' package allows you to convert HTML content to various image formats, including PNG and JPEG. Unlike Satori, which focuses on SVG generation, 'html-to-image' provides more flexibility in terms of output formats.

puppeteer

Puppeteer is a Node library that provides a high-level API to control Chrome or Chromium over the DevTools Protocol. It can be used to generate screenshots and PDFs of web pages, making it a more versatile but heavier alternative to Satori for generating images from HTML content.

dom-to-image

The 'dom-to-image' package allows you to convert DOM nodes to images in various formats. It is similar to Satori in that it can generate images from HTML content, but it supports more output formats like PNG and JPEG.

README

Satori: Enlightened library to convert HTML and CSS to SVG.

Note

To use Satori in your project to generate PNG images like Open Graph images and social cards, check out our announcement and Vercel’s Open Graph Image Generation →

To use it in Next.js, take a look at the Next.js Open Graph Image Generation template →

Overview

Satori supports the JSX syntax, which makes it very straightforward to use. Here’s an overview of the basic usage:

// api.jsx
import satori from 'satori'

const svg = await satori(
  <div style={{ color: 'black' }}>hello, world</div>,
  {
    width: 600,
    height: 400,
    fonts: [
      {
        name: 'Roboto',
        // Use `fs` (Node.js only) or `fetch` to read the font as Buffer/ArrayBuffer and provide `data` here.
        data: robotoArrayBuffer,
        weight: 400,
        style: 'normal',
      },
    ],
  },
)

Satori will render the element into a 600×400 SVG, and return the SVG string:

'<svg ...><path d="..." fill="black"></path></svg>'

Under the hood, it handles layout calculation, font, typography and more, to generate a SVG that matches the exact same HTML and CSS in a browser.

Documentation

JSX

Satori only accepts JSX elements that are pure and stateless. You can use a subset of HTML elements (see section below), or custom React components, but React APIs such as useState, useEffect, dangerouslySetInnerHTML are not supported.

Use without JSX

If you don't have JSX transpiler enabled, you can simply pass React-elements-like objects that have type, props.children and props.style (and other properties too) directly:

await satori(
  {
    type: 'div',
    props: {
      children: 'hello, world',
      style: { color: 'black' },
    },
  },
  options
)

HTML Elements

Satori supports a limited subset of HTML and CSS features, due to its special use cases. In general, only these static and visible elements and properties that are implemented.

For example, the <input> HTML element, the cursor CSS property are not in consideration. And you can't use <style> tags or external resources via <link> or <script>.

Also, Satori does not guarantee that the SVG will 100% match the browser-rendered HTML output since Satori implements its own layout engine based on the SVG 1.1 spec.

You can find the list of supported HTML elements and their preset styles here.

Images

You can use <img> to embed images. However, width, and height attributes are recommended to set:

await satori(
  <img src="https://picsum.photos/200/300" width={200} height={300} />,
  options
)

When using background-image, the image will be stretched to fit the element by default if you don't specify the size.

If you want to render the generated SVG to another image format such as PNG, it would be better to use base64 encoded image data (or buffer) directly as props.src so no extra I/O is needed in Satori:

await satori(
  <img src="data:image/png;base64,..." width={200} height={300} />,
  // Or src={arrayBuffer}, src={buffer}
  options
)

CSS

Satori uses the same Flexbox layout engine as React Native, and it’s not a complete CSS implementation. However, it supports a subset of the spec that covers most common CSS features:

Property	Property Expanded	Supported Values	Example
display	none and flex, default to flex
position	relative and absolute, default to relative
color	Supported
margin
marginTop	Supported
marginRight	Supported
marginBottom	Supported
marginLeft	Supported
Position
top	Supported
right	Supported
bottom	Supported
left	Supported
Size
width	Supported
height	Supported
Min & max size
minWidth	Supported except for min-content, max-content and fit-content
minHeight	Supported except for min-content, max-content and fit-content
maxWidth	Supported except for min-content, max-content and fit-content
maxHeight	Supported except for min-content, max-content and fit-content
border
Width (borderWidth, borderTopWidth, ...)	Supported
Style (borderStyle, borderTopStyle, ...)	solid and dashed, default to solid
Color (borderColor, borderTopColor, ...)	Supported
Shorthand (border, borderTop, ...)	Supported, i.e. 1px solid gray
borderRadius
borderTopLeftRadius	Supported
borderTopRightRadius	Supported
borderBottomLeftRadius	Supported
borderBottomRightRadius	Supported
Shorthand	Supported, i.e. 5px, 50% / 5px
Flex
flexDirection	column, row, row-reverse, column-reverse, default to row
flexWrap	wrap, nowrap, wrap-reverse, default to wrap
flexGrow	Supported
flexShrink	Supported
flexBasis	Supported except for auto
alignItems	stretch, center, flex-start, flex-end, baseline, normal, default to stretch
alignContent	Supported
alignSelf	Supported
justifyContent	Supported
gap	Supported
Font
fontFamily	Supported
fontSize	Supported
fontWeight	Supported
fontStyle	Supported
Text
tabSize	Supported
textAlign	start, end, left, right, center, justify, default to start
textTransform	none, lowercase, uppercase, capitalize, defaults to none
textOverflow	clip, ellipsis, defaults to clip
textDecoration	Support line types underline and line-through, and styles dotted, dashed, solid	Example
textShadow	Supported
lineHeight	Supported
letterSpacing	Supported
whiteSpace	normal, pre, pre-wrap, pre-line, nowrap, defaults to normal
wordBreak	normal, break-all, break-word, keep-all, defaults to normal
textWrap	wrap, balance, defaults to wrap
Background
backgroundColor	Supported, single value
backgroundImage	linear-gradient, radial-gradient, url, single value
backgroundPosition	Support single value
backgroundSize	Support two-value size i.e. `10px 20%`
backgroundClip	border-box, text
backgroundRepeat	repeat, repeat-x, repeat-y, no-repeat, defaults to repeat
transform
Translate (translate, translateX, translateY)	Supported
Rotate	Supported
Scale (scale, scaleX, scaleY)	Supported
Skew (skew, skewX, skewY)	Supported
transformOrigin	Support one-value and two-value syntax (both relative and absolute values)
objectFit	contain, cover, none, default to none
opacity	Supported
boxShadow	Supported
overflow	visible and hidden, default to visible
filter	Supported
clipPath	Supported	Example
lineClamp	Supported	Example
Mask
maskImage	linear-gradient(...), radial-gradient(...), url(...)	Example
maskPosition	Supported	Example
maskSize	Support two-value size i.e. `10px 20%`	Example
maskRepeat	repeat, repeat-x, repeat-y, no-repeat, defaults to repeat	Example
WebkitTextStroke	WebkitTextStrokeWidth	Supported
WebkitTextStrokeColor	Supported

Note:

1. Three-dimensional transforms are not supported.
2. There is no z-index support in SVG. Elements that come later in the document will be painted on top.
3. box-sizing is set to border-box for all elements.
4. calc isn't supported.
5. currentcolor support is only available for the color property.

Language and Typography

Advanced typography features such as kerning, ligatures and other OpenType features are not currently supported.

RTL languages are not supported either.

Fonts

Satori currently supports three font formats: TTF, OTF and WOFF. Note that WOFF2 is not supported at the moment. You must specify the font if any text is rendered with Satori, and pass the font data as ArrayBuffer (web) or Buffer (Node.js):

await satori(
  <div style={{ fontFamily: 'Inter' }}>Hello</div>,
  {
    width: 600,
    height: 400,
    fonts: [
      {
        name: 'Inter',
        data: inter,
        weight: 400,
        style: 'normal',
      },
      {
        name: 'Inter',
        data: interBold,
        weight: 700,
        style: 'normal',
      },
    ],
  }
)

Multiple fonts can be passed to Satori and used in fontFamily.

[!TIP] We recommend you define global fonts instead of creating a new object and pass it to satori for better performace, if your fonts do not change. Read it for more detail

Emojis

To render custom images for specific graphemes, you can use graphemeImages option to map the grapheme to an image source:

await satori(
  <div>Next.js is 🤯!</div>,
  {
    ...,
    graphemeImages: {
      '🤯': 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twemoji/14.0.2/svg/1f92f.svg',
    },
  }
)

The image will be resized to the current font-size (both width and height) as a square.

Locales

Satori supports rendering text in different locales. You can specify the supported locales via the lang attribute:

await satori(
  <div lang="ja-JP">骨</div>
)

Same characters can be rendered differently in different locales, you can specify the locale when necessary to force it to render with a specific font and locale. Check out this example to learn more.

Supported locales are exported as the Locale enum type.

Dynamically Load Emojis and Fonts

Satori supports dynamically loading emoji images (grapheme pictures) and fonts. The loadAdditionalAsset function will be called when a text segment is rendered but missing the image or font:

await satori(
  <div>👋 你好</div>,
  {
    // `code` will be the detected language code, `emoji` if it's an Emoji, or `unknown` if not able to tell.
    // `segment` will be the content to render.
    loadAdditionalAsset: async (code: string, segment: string) => {
      if (code === 'emoji') {
        // if segment is an emoji
        return `data:image/svg+xml;base64,...`
      }

      // if segment is normal text
      return loadFontFromSystem(code)
    }
  }
)

Runtime and WASM

Satori can be used in browser, Node.js (>= 16), and Web Workers.

By default, Satori depends on asm.js for the browser runtime, and native module in Node.js. However, you can optionally load WASM instead by importing satori/wasm and provide the initialized WASM module instance of Yoga to Satori:

import satori, { init } from 'satori/wasm'
import initYoga from 'yoga-wasm-web'

const yoga = initYoga(await fetch('/yoga.wasm').then(res => res.arrayBuffer()))
init(yoga)

await satori(...)

When running in the browser or in the Node.js environment, WASM files need to be hosted and fetched before initializing. asm.js can be bundled together with the lib. In this case WASM should be faster.

When running on the Node.js server, native modules should be faster. However there are Node.js environments where native modules are not supported (e.g. StackBlitz's WebContainers), or other JS runtimes that support WASM (e.g. Vercel's Edge Runtime, Cloudflare Workers, or Deno).

Additionally, there are other difference between asm.js, native and WASM, such as security and compatibility.

Overall there are many trade-offs between each choice, and it's better to pick the one that works the best for your use case.

Font Embedding

By default, Satori renders the text as <path> in SVG, instead of <text>. That means it embeds the font path data as inlined information, so succeeding processes (e.g. render the SVG on another platform) don’t need to deal with font files anymore.

You can turn off this behavior by setting embedFont to false, and Satori will use <text> instead:

const svg = await satori(
  <div style={{ color: 'black' }}>hello, world</div>,
  {
    ...,
    embedFont: false,
  },
)

Debug

To draw the bounding box for debugging, you can pass debug: true as an option:

const svg = await satori(
  <div style={{ color: 'black' }}>hello, world</div>,
  {
    ...,
    debug: true,
  },
)

Contribute

You can use the Vercel OG Image Playground to test and report bugs of Satori. Please follow our contribution guidelines before opening a Pull Request.

Author

• Shu Ding (@shuding_)

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