sharp

What is sharp?

The sharp npm package is a high-performance Node.js module for resizing, converting, and manipulating images. It is built around the libvips image processing library, which allows it to handle large images and perform operations quickly and with a low memory footprint.

What are sharp's main functionalities?

Image Resizing

Resizes an image to the specified width and height.

sharp('input.jpg').resize(300, 200).toFile('output.jpg', (err, info) => {});

Format Conversion

Converts an image from one format to another, such as JPEG to PNG.

sharp('input.jpg').toFormat('png').toBuffer().then(data => {});

Image Rotation

Rotates an image by a specified degree.

sharp('input.jpg').rotate(90).toBuffer().then(data => {});

Extracting Image Regions

Extracts a region of the image starting at the left and top offsets and with the specified width and height.

sharp('input.jpg').extract({ left: 100, top: 100, width: 300, height: 200 }).toFile('output.jpg', (err, info) => {});

Image Overlay

Overlays an image on top of another using composition.

sharp('input.jpg').composite([{ input: 'overlay.png', gravity: 'southeast' }]).toFile('output.jpg', (err, info) => {});

Adjusting Image Quality

Adjusts the quality of an image, useful for optimizing the file size.

sharp('input.jpg').jpeg({ quality: 80 }).toBuffer().then(data => {});

Other packages similar to sharp

imagemagick

ImageMagick is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. It can read and write images in a variety of formats. It is more comprehensive than sharp but can be slower and more memory-intensive.

jimp

An image processing library for Node written entirely in JavaScript, with zero native dependencies. Jimp is more accessible due to its pure JavaScript nature but generally performs slower than sharp.

gm

GraphicsMagick for node.js, which is an image processing library that is a fork of ImageMagick. It is similar to ImageMagick in functionality and also provides a comprehensive set of image manipulation features but may not be as fast as sharp.

README

sharp

• Installation
• Usage examples
• API
• Testing
• Performance
• Licence

The typical use case for this high speed Node.js module is to convert large images of many formats to smaller, web-friendly JPEG, PNG and WebP images of varying dimensions.

The performance of JPEG resizing is typically 8x faster than ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick, based mainly on the number of CPU cores available. Everything remains non-blocking thanks to libuv.

This module supports reading and writing images of JPEG, PNG and WebP to and from both Buffer objects and the filesystem. It also supports reading images of many other types from the filesystem via libmagick++ or libgraphicsmagick++ if present.

When generating JPEG output all metadata is removed and Huffman tables optimised without having to use separate command line tools like jpegoptim and jpegtran.

Anyone who has used the Node.js bindings for GraphicsMagick will find the API similarly fluent.

This module is powered by the blazingly fast libvips image processing library, originally created in 1989 at Birkbeck College and currently maintained by John Cupitt.

Installation

npm install sharp

Prerequisites

• Node.js v0.10+
• libvips v7.38.5+

Install libvips on Mac OS

brew install homebrew/science/vips --with-webp --with-graphicsmagick

The gettext dependency of libvips can lead to a library not found for -lintl error. If so, please try:

brew link gettext --force

Install libvips on Ubuntu/Debian Linux

sudo apt-get install automake build-essential git gobject-introspection gtk-doc-tools libfftw3-dev libglib2.0-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libpng12-dev libwebp-dev libtiff5-dev liborc-0.4-dev libxml2-dev swig
git clone https://github.com/jcupitt/libvips.git
cd libvips
git checkout 7.38
./bootstrap.sh
./configure --enable-debug=no --enable-cxx=no --without-python
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

Ubuntu 12.04 requires libtiff4-dev instead of libtiff5-dev and has a bug in the libwebp package. Work around these problems by running these command first:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyrasis/precise-backports
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libtiff4-dev

Usage examples

var sharp = require('sharp');

sharp('input.jpg').resize(300, 200).write('output.jpg', function(err) {
  if (err) {
    throw err;
  }
  // output.jpg is a 300 pixels wide and 200 pixels high image
  // containing a scaled and cropped version of input.jpg
});

sharp('input.jpg').resize(null, 200).progressive().toBuffer(function(err, buffer) {
  if (err) {
    throw err;
  }
  // buffer contains progressive JPEG image data, 200 pixels high
});

sharp('input.png').resize(300).sharpen().webp(function(err, buffer) {
  if (err) {
    throw err;
  }
  // buffer contains sharpened WebP image data (converted from PNG), 300 pixels wide
});

sharp(buffer).resize(200, 300).embedWhite().write('output.tiff', function(err) {
  if (err) {
    throw err;
  }
  // output.tiff is a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image containing a scaled
  // version, embedded on a white canvas, of the image data in buffer
});

sharp('input.gif').resize(200, 300).embedBlack().webp(function(err, buffer) {
  if (err) {
    throw err;
  }
  // buffer contains WebP image data of a 200 pixels wide and 300 pixels high image
  // containing a scaled version, embedded on a black canvas, of input.gif
});

API

sharp(input)

Constructor to which further methods are chained. input can be one of:

• Buffer containing JPEG, PNG or WebP image data, or
• String containing the filename of an image, with most major formats supported.

resize(width, [height])

Scale to width x height. By default, the resized image is cropped to the exact size specified.

width is the Number of pixels wide the resultant image should be. Use null or undefined to auto-scale the width to match the height.

height is the Number of pixels high the resultant image should be. Use null or undefined to auto-scale the height to match the width.

crop()

Crop the resized image to the exact size specified, the default behaviour.

embedWhite()

Embed the resized image on a white background of the exact size specified.

embedBlack()

Embed the resized image on a black background of the exact size specified.

sharpen()

Perform a mild sharpen of the resultant image. This typically reduces performance by 30%.

progressive()

Use progressive (interlace) scan for JPEG and PNG output. This typically reduces compression performance by 30% but results in an image that can be rendered sooner when decompressed.

sequentialRead()

An advanced setting that switches the libvips access method to VIPS_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL. This will reduce memory usage and can improve performance on some systems.

write(filename, callback)

filename is a String containing the filename to write the image data to. The format is inferred from the extension, with JPEG, PNG, WebP and TIFF supported.

callback is called with a single argument (err) containing an error message, if any.

jpeg(callback)

Write JPEG image data to a Buffer.

callback gets two arguments (err, buffer) where err is an error message, if any, and buffer is the resultant JPEG image data.

png(callback)

Write PNG image data to a Buffer.

callback gets two arguments (err, buffer) where err is an error message, if any, and buffer is the resultant PNG image data.

webp(callback)

Write WebP image data to a Buffer.

callback gets two arguments (err, buffer) where err is an error message, if any, and buffer is the resultant WebP image data.

toBuffer(callback)

Write image data to a Buffer, the format of which will match the input image. JPEG, PNG and WebP are supported.

callback gets two arguments (err, buffer) where err is an error message, if any, and buffer is the resultant image data.

sharp.cache([limit])

If limit is provided, set the (soft) limit of libvips working/cache memory to this value in MB. The default value is 100.

This method always returns cache statistics, useful for determining how much working memory is required for a particular task.

Warnings such as Application transferred too many scanlines are a good indicator you've set this value too low.

var stats = sharp.cache(); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 100 }
sharp.cache(200); // { current: 98, high: 115, limit: 200 }
sharp.cache(50); // { current: 49, high: 115, limit: 50 }

Testing

npm test

Running the tests requires both ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick plus one of either libmagick++-dev or libgraphicsmagick++.

brew install imagemagick
brew install graphicsmagick

sudo apt-get install imagemagick graphicsmagick libmagick++-dev

Performance

Test environment

• Intel Xeon L5520 2.27GHz 8MB cache
• Ubuntu 13.10
• libvips 7.38.5

The contenders

• imagemagick-native - Supports Buffers only and blocks main V8 thread whilst processing.
• imagemagick - Supports filesystem only and "has been unmaintained for a long time".
• gm - Fully featured wrapper around GraphicsMagick.
• sharp - Caching within libvips disabled to ensure a fair comparison.

The task

Decompress a 2725x2225 JPEG image, resize and crop to 720x480, then compress to JPEG.

Results

Module	Input	Output	Ops/sec	Speed-up
imagemagick-native	buffer	buffer	0.97	1
imagemagick	file	file	2.49	2.6
gm	buffer	file	3.72	3.8
gm	buffer	buffer	3.80	3.9
gm	file	file	3.67	3.8
gm	file	buffer	3.67	3.8
sharp	buffer	file	13.62	14.0
sharp	buffer	buffer	12.43	12.8
sharp	file	file	13.02	13.4
sharp	file	buffer	11.15	11.5
sharp +sharpen	file	buffer	10.26	10.6
sharp +progressive	file	buffer	9.44	9.7
sharp +sequentialRead	file	buffer	11.94	12.3

You can expect much greater performance with caching enabled (default) and using 16+ core machines.

Licence

Copyright 2013, 2014 Lovell Fuller and Pierre Inglebert

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.