Animated page transitions with css - simple, quick and fun.
Note: In case you like to do your animations in JS, you may also checkout swupjs.
npm install swup
Apart from simply loading the contents of the new page and replacing it in html, swup is built around the css animation - you defined the transition and timing in css and swup handles the rest. Swup detects end of transition of animated elements and proceeds to replacing the content and animating your content back. For the animations based on css to be possible, swup uses several classes that are assign to html tag through the process of page transition.
is-animating is the main class you should worry about, as it enables the animations. is-leaving and is-rendering can be used for defining different animations for animating the elements in/out. is-changing may be used for displaying some kind of loading while the transition is being done.
While developing the site, simply define the elements that are being animated and need to be replaced. Lets assume we want to fade in/out the main content of the page.
<html>
<head>
<title>Homepage</title>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<h1>This is homepage</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
<a href="/someOtherPage">Go to other page</a>
</main>
<div class="loading">We are loading...</div>
</body>
</html>
First thing we need to do is enable swup.
import Swup from 'swup'
const swup = new Swup()
Add the swup id to the main element in html so it is replaced with the main element of the loaded page. Also add class that handles animations of the element - a-fade.
<main id="swup" class="a-fade">
...
</main>
<div class="loading">We are loading...</div>
Add your css for the element transition.
.a-fade {
transition: .4s;
opacity: 1;
}
html.is-animating .a-fade{
opacity: 0;
}
If you'd like to display the loading element while the transition is done, css would be...
.loading {
display: none;
}
html.is-changing .loading{
display: block;
}
And that's it! Swup loads the page, handles classes for the css animation, waits for the animation to finish/page to load, replaces content and fades your content back. Swup also changes title of your page to the loaded one, and exchanges classes of body element (more in options section).
In some cases there is a need to animate elements that are common for all pages, but may for example display or hide for some pages, change color or whatever.. Let's assume we want navigation to change background color for different pages, based on body class. In that case you would usually like to start the animation on the click of the link, instead of when the next page is loaded. For this purpose there is special class added to your html tag on transition start and removed once the process of page transition is done.
This special class takes form of to-{whatever is the route of new page}, where only exception is homepage, which does not have any route and so to-homepage is used.
Animation to dynamic pages with unknown routes (blog posts, etc.) can be animated to using data attribute data-swup-class set on link element. Swup takes the content of the attribute of clicked link and adds class name on html tag in a format to-{content of the attribute}, and also removes it after the whole process of routing is done. So for blog posts, you would want to add data-swup-class="blog-post", which would be added to html tag as to-blog-post.
Let's assume we want our header to be blue on homepage (/), but yellow in about (/about) page.
header {
transition: .4s;
}
body.page-homepage header {
background: blue;
}
body.page-about header {
background: yellow;
}
For the color to start changing right after the click on the link, simply add...
html.to-homepage header {
background: blue;
}
html.to-about header {
background: yellow;
}
Note: For popState events the process is disabled and the content of page is replaced right away, to avoid tedious back button clicking and ensure proper functionality on mobile devices.
Swup has a several options passed into a constructor as an object.
let options = {}
const swup = new Swup(options)
Link selector defines link elements that will trigger the transition. Default form is shown below.
LINK_SELECTOR: 'a[href^="/"]:not([data-no-swup]), a[href^="#"]:not([data-no-swup]), a[xlink\\:href]'
In case you want to exclude links for some routes, lightbox or any other functionality, simply extend the selector. By default, you can simply add data-no-swup attribute if you want to exclude just a few.
Note: it is recommended to disable transition between language versions of your site, for multiple reasons (replacing of header/footer, analytics...).
Elements option defines the array of elements to be replaced. Elements option usually contains the main element with content of the page. However, elements can include any element that is common for all transitioned pages. Example of such additional element is the "change language" link, which appears the same across site, but leads to a different link on each page. Option defaults to the single element of id #swup.
options = {
elements: ['#swup']
}
As swup is built on animations, it is required to define the elements that are being animated. Usually you would like to give the elements some common class or class prefix. By default option is set to [class^='a-'], which selects all elements with class attribute beginning with prefix a-.
animationSelector: '[class^="a-"]'
Swup has a built in cache, meaning that it stores previously loaded contents of the pages in memory in a form of object. This drastically improves speed for static sites, but should be disabled for dynamic sites. Cache option defaults to true.
cache: true
Css styles are very often based on the class of the page defined in body element. Swup replaces the body classes for each loaded page. However, the site may use the body class attribute for functionality such as opening of some sort of menu by adding class to the body element. In that case, you may want to define a prefix for your page style classes such as page-, so only those are replaced. By default option is set to '' and all classes of body element are replaced during the transition. In case of no classes are used on body element, simply set option to false.
pageClassPrefix: 'page-'
Swup has a built in scroll control, where page smoothly scrolls to the top on desktop, and jumps directly to the top on mobile. Scroll to the anchor elements in url are also handled. This feature can be turned off and you can use your own scroll based on the emitted events discussed in events section. By default the option is set to true. Scrolling has several other options, such as scrollDuration - duration of the scroll, which is set to 0 by default (expects the page to be fully invisible while transitioning). Another options are animateScrollToAnchor and animateScrollOnMobile, where the name speaks for itself. Last is doScrollingRightAway, which determines whether scroll starts immediately after click on link, or after the content is replaced.
scroll: true
Due to the use of promises, transitionEnd and pushState features of javascript, swup has a basic support check built in to avoid breaking of the site in case of older browser that do not support used features. However, as there may always be some exceptions for browsers, or different polyfills may be used on page (that may or may not work), this support check can be disabled and you can use your own support check before creating the instance. Support option is enabled by default.
support: true
Preload is an additional feature that can be used in combination with cache. When enabled, swup starts loading the page on hover of the link and does not wait for the user to click on the link. In case the page is not loaded at the time of clicking on the link, swup simply waits for the request to finish and does not create new request. Also, swup only creates one request at the time, so don't worry, your server won't be overwhelmed by few people just passing their cursor through some grid of links.
If cache is disabled, swup still preloads pages of hovered links, but the contents of cache are removed after each page transition.
In case you want to preload some page automatically without any trigger by user, data-swup-preload on the link will do the trick.
preload: true
While swup itself should run without problem in IE Edge (or other IE with help of some polyfills), I have ran into multiple problems on IE (including Edge), related to updating browser history, replacing large parts of page with javascript or performance of animation on large elements. That's why swup allows to simply disable the whole thing in all IE browsers with disableIE option. Swup is enabled in IE by default.
disableIE: false
Debug mode is very useful for integrating swup into your site. When enabled, swup displays emitted events (see events section) in console, as well as contents of the cache when changed. Option defaults to false.
debugMode: false
let options = {
LINK_SELECTOR: 'a[href^="/"]:not([data-no-swup]), a[href^="#"]:not([data-no-swup]), a[xlink\\:href]',
elements: [
'#swup'
],
animationSelector: '[class^="a-"]',
cache: true,
pageClassPrefix: '',
scroll: true,
debugMode: false,
preload: true,
support: true,
disableIE: false,
animateScrollToAnchor: false,
animateScrollOnMobile: false,
doScrollingRightAway: false,
scrollDuration: 0,
}
As it usually is when loading page with JS, there may be many constrains such as analytics or enabling the scripts for replaced content. For this purpose, swup emits whole bunch of events triggered on document while working, which can be used as follows:
// trigger page view for GTM
document.addEventListener('swup:pageView', event => {
dataLayer.push({
'event': 'VirtualPageview',
'virtualPageURL': window.location.pathname,
'virtualPageTitle' : document.title
});
});
// load scripts for replaced elements
document.addEventListener('swup:contentReplaced', event => {
swup.options.elements.forEach((element) => {
loadComponents(document.querySelector(element))
})
});
destroy()destroy()Instance of the swup can be imported and used across your sites javascript to enable some additional features. When debugMode (see options section) is enabled, instance is also available in window object as window.swup so you can play with it.
You can for example access some of the information used by swup such as the elements to be replaced:
swup.options.elements.forEach((element) => {
// do whatever for each replaced element
})
or use built in function for your own stuff
// navigates to /someRoute with the animations and all...
swup.loadPage('/someRoute', false)
// or disable swup
swup.destroy()
FAQs
Versatile and extensible page transition library for server-rendered websites
The npm package swup receives a total of 1,788 weekly downloads. As such, swup popularity was classified as popular.
We found that swup demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 0 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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