type-flag

type-flag

Typed & tiny CLI argument parser.

Features

• Strongly typed Parse argvs with confidence!
• Custom types & validation Pass in any type function and the flag type will be inferred!
• Array types Accept multiple flag values!
• Configurable defaults Set better defaults to avoid checking whether a flag was passed in!
• Tiny 1.3 kB minified + gzipped!

→ Try it out online

🔥 Looking for something more robust?

Checkout Cleye, a CLI development tool powered by type-flag. It comes with argument parsing and a beautiful --help documentation generator.

_{Support this project by ⭐️ starring and sharing it. Follow me to see what other cool projects I'm working on! ❤️}

🚀 Install

npm i type-flag

🚦 Quick start

Here's a simple example file cli.ts:

import typeFlag from 'type-flag'

// Pass in flag schemas and automatically parse process.argv!
const parsed = typeFlag({

    // Define flags here...

    someString: String,

    someBoolean: {
        type: Boolean,
        alias: 'b'
    },

    someNumber: {
        type: Number,
        alias: 'n',
        default: 2
    },

    // Wrap type with an array to indicate accept multiple flags
    stringArray: [String],

    numberArray: {
        type: [Number]
    }
})

console.log(parsed.flags)

When you execute the file in the command-line, you can see the argvs parsed:

$ node ./cli --some-string 'hello' --some-boolean --some-number 3
> {
  someString: 'hello',
  someBoolean: true,
  someNumber: 3,
  stringArray: [],
  numberArray: []
}

parsed will have the following type:

type Parsed = {
    flags: {
        someString: string | undefined
        someBoolean: boolean
        someNumber: number
        stringArray: string[]
        numberArray: number[]
    }
    unknownFlags: {
        [flagName: string]: (string | boolean)[]
    }
    _: string[] & {
        '--': string[]
    }
}

🧑‍💻 Usage

Defining flags

Pass in an object where the key is the flag name and the value is the flag type—a parser function that takes in a string and parses it to that type. Default JavaScript constructors should be able to cover most use-cases: String, Number, Boolean, etc.

The value can also be an object with the type property as the flag type.

typeFlag({
    // Short-hand: immediately set the type
    stringFlag: String,
    numberFlag: Number,
    booleanFlag: Boolean,

    // Object syntax:
    stringFlag: {
        type: String
    }
})

Array type

To accept multiple values of a flag, use an array type by simply wrapping the type in an array:

const parsed = typeFlag({
    stringFlag: [String]
})

This allows usage like this:

$ node ./cli --string-flag A --string-flag B

# > parsed.flags.stringFlag = ['A', 'B']

Aliases

Flags are often given single-character aliases for shorthand usage (eg. --help to -h). To give a flag an alias, use the object syntax and set the alias property to a single-character name.

typeFlag({
    stringFlag: {
        type: String,
        alias: 's'
    }
})

This allows usage like this:

$ node ./cli -s A

# > parsed.flags.stringFlag = 'A'

Default values

Flags that are not passed in will default to being undefined. To set a different default value, use the object syntax and pass in a value as the default property. When a default is provided, the flag type will include that instead of undefined.

When using mutable values (eg. objects/arrays) as a default, pass in a function that creates it to avoid mutation-related bugs.

const parsed = typeFlag({
    someNumber: {
        type: Number,
        default: 1
    },

    manyNumbers: {
        type: [Number],

        // Use a function to return an object or array
        default: () => [1, 2, 3]
    }
})

To get undefined in the parsed flag type, make sure strict or strictNullChecks is enabled.

kebab-case flags mapped to camelCase

When passing in the flags, they can be in kebab-case and will automatically map to the camelCase equivalent.

# These two map to the same flag
$ node ./cli --someString hello --some-string world

Unknown flags

When unrecognized flags are passed in, they are either interpreted as a string or boolean depending on usage. Unknown flags are not converted to camelCase to allow for accurate error handling.

$ node ./cli --unknown-flag --unknown-flag 2

This outputs the following:

{
    unknownFlags: {
        'unknown-flag': [true, '2']
    },
    // ...
}

Arguments

All argument values are stored in the _ property.

Everything after -- (end-of-flags) is treated as arguments and will be stored in the _['--'] property.

$ node ./cli --boolean value --string "hello world" "another value" -- --string "goodbye world"

This outputs the following:

{
    _: [
        'value',
        'another value',
        '--string',
        'goodbye world',
        '--': [
            '--string',
            'goodbye world'
        ]
    ]
    // ...
}

Note: value after --boolean is parsed as an argument because the boolean flag doesn't accept a value.

Flag value delimiters

The characters =, : and . are reserved for delimiting the value from the flag.

$ node ./cli --flag=value --flag:value --flag.value

This allows for usage like --flag:key=value or --flag.property=value to be possible.

👨🏻‍🏫 Examples

Using a custom type

Basic types can be set using built-in functions in JavaScript, but sometimes you want to a new type, narrow the type, or add validation.

To create a new type, simply declare a function that accepts a string argument and returns the parsed value with the expected type.

In this example, the size flag is enforced to be either small, medium or large.

const possibleSizes = ['small', 'medium', 'large'] as const

type Sizes = typeof possibleSizes[number]

function Size(size: Sizes) {
    if (!possibleSizes.includes(size)) {
        throw new Error(`Invalid size: "${size}"`)
    }

    return size
}

const parsed = typeFlag({
    size: Size
})

parsed resolves to the following type:

type Parsed = {
    flags: {
        size: 'small' | 'medium' | 'large' | undefined
    }
    // ...
}

Optional value flag

It's common to have flags that act as a boolean when no value is passed in. This can be done by creating a custom type that returns both types.

function OptionalString(value: string) {
    if (!value) {
        return true
    }

    return value
}

const parsed = typeFlag({
    optionalString: OptionalString
})

// $ node ./cli --optional-string
parsed.flags.optionalString // => true

// $ node ./cli --optional-string hello
parsed.flags.optionalString // => 'hello'

Accepting flag values with = in it

In use-cases where flag values contain =, you can use : instead. This allows flags like --define:K=V.

$ node ./cli --define:key=value

const parsed = typeFlag({
    define: String
})

console.log(parsed.flags.define) // => 'key=value'

Dot-nested flags

$ node ./cli --env.TOKEN=123 --env.CI

type Environment = {
    TOKEN?: string
    CI?: boolean
}

function EnvironmentObject(value: string): Environment {
    const [propertyName, propertyValue] = value.split('=')
    return {
        [propertyName]: propertyValue || true
    }
}

const parsed = typeFlag({
    env: [EnvironmentObject]
})

const environment = parsed.flags.env.reduce((agg, next) => Object.assign(agg, next), {})

console.log(environment) // { TOKEN: 123, CI: true }

Inverting a boolean

To invert a boolean flag, false must be passed in with the = operator (or any other value delimiters).

$ node ./cli --boolean-flag=false

Note, without the =, the false will be parsed as a separate argument.

$ node ./cli --boolean-flag false

{
    flags: {
        booleanFlag: true
    },
    _: ['false']
}

Counting flags

To create an API where passing in a flag multiple times increases a count (a pretty common one is -vvv), you can use an array-boolean type and count the size of the array:

const parsed = typeFlag({
    verbose: {
        type: [Boolean],
        alias: 'v'
    }
})

console.log(parsed.flags.verbose.length)

$ node ./cli -vvv # logs 3

⚙️ API

typeFlag(flagSchema, argv, options)

Returns an object with the shape:

type Parsed = {
    flags: {
        [flagName: string]: InferredType
    }
    unknownFlags: {
        [flagName: string]: (string | boolean)[]
    }
    _: string[]
}

flagSchema

Type:

type TypeFunction = (argvValue: any) => any

type FlagSchema = {
    [flagName: string]: TypeFunction | [TypeFunction] | {
        type: TypeFunction | [TypeFunction]
        alias?: string
        default?: any
    }
}

An object containing flag schema definitions. Where the key is the flag name, and the value is either the type function or an object containing the type function and/or alias.

argv

Type: string[]

Default: process.argv.slice(2)

The argv array to parse.

options

Type:

type Options = {
    // Whether not to parse unknown flags (treat as arguments)
    ignoreUnknown?: boolean
}