Changed releasing of database connection
Serverless back-end framework in TypeScript for AWS Lambda. Declarative dependency injection and event binding.
Install module:
npm install tyx --save
reflect-metadata shim is required:
npm install reflect-metadata --save
and make sure to import it before you use tyx:
import "reflect-metadata";
Its important to set these options in tsconfig.json file of your project:
{
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true
}
The following examples are constructed to cover all features of TyX.
TODO: How to build and run the examples
The most basic use scenario is a REST service. It is not required to inherit any base classes; use of the provided decorators is sufficient to bind service methods to corresponding HTTP methods and paths: @Get, @Post, @Put, @Delete. Method arguments bind to request elements using decorators as well; @QueryParam, @PathParam and @Body are the core binding.
Use of @Service() decorator is mandatory to mark the class as service and enable proper collection of metadata emitted from decorators.
As security consideration TyX does not default to public access for service methods, @Public() decorator must be explicitly provided otherwise the HTTP binding is effectively disabled.
For simplicity in this example all files are in the same folder package.json, service.ts, function.ts, local.ts and serverless.yml
import { Service, Public, PathParam, QueryParam, Body, Get, Post, Put, Delete } from "tyx";
@Service()
export class NoteService {
@Public()
@Get("/notes")
public getAll(@QueryParam("filter") filter?: string) {
return { action: "This action returns all notes", filter };
}
@Public()
@Get("/notes/{id}")
public getOne(@PathParam("id") id: string) {
return { action: "This action returns note", id };
}
@Public()
@Post("/notes")
public post(@Body() note: any) {
return { action: "Saving note...", note };
}
@Public()
@Put("/notes/{id}")
public put(@PathParam("id") id: string, @Body() note: any) {
return { action: "Updating a note...", id, note };
}
@Public()
@Delete("/notes/{id}")
public remove(@PathParam("id") id: string) {
return { action: "Removing note...", id };
}
}
Services are plain decorated classes unaware of the specifics of AWS Lambda, the provided LambdaContainer class takes care of managing the service and dispatching the trigger events. The container export() provides the handler entry point for the lambda function.
import { LambdaContainer, LambdaHandler } from "tyx";
import { NoteService } from "./service";
// Creates an Lambda container and publish the service.
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample1")
.publish(NoteService);
// Export the lambda handler function
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
For local testing developers can use the ExpressContainer class, it exposes routes based on service method decorations. When run in debug mode from an IDE (such as VS Code) it allows convenient debugging experience.
import { ExpressContainer } from "tyx";
import { NoteService } from "./service";
// Creates an Express container and publish the service.
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample1")
.publish(NoteService);
// Start express server
express.start(5000);
Open in browser http://localhost:5000/notes or http://localhost:5000/notes/1.
Serverless Framework is used to package and deploy functions developed in TyX. Events declared in serverless.yml should match those exposed by services published in the function LambdaContainer. Missing to declare the event will result in ApiGateway rejecting the request, having events (paths) not bound to any service method will result in the container rejecting the request.
service: tyx-sample1
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 5
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
LOG_LEVEL: INFO
functions:
notes-function:
handler: function.handler
events:
- http:
path: notes
method: GET
cors: true
- http:
path: notes/{id}
method: GET
cors: true
- http:
path: notes/{id}
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: notes/{id}
method: PUT
cors: true
- http:
path: notes/{id}
method: DELETE
cors: true
It is possible write an entire application as single service but this is rarely justified. It make sense to split the application logic into multiple services each encapsulating related actions and responsibilities.
This example has a more elaborate structure, separate service API definition and implementation using dependency injection. Two of of the services are for private use within the same container not exposing any event bindings.
The folder structure used starting with this example:
api/ scripts with service API definitionservices/ implementationsfunctions/ scripts with LambdaContainer exporting a handler functionlocal/ local run using ExpressContainerserverless.yml Serverless FrameworkFollowing examples will further build on this to split services into dedicated functions and then into separate applications (Serverless projects).
TypeScript interfaces have no corresponding representation once code compiles to JavaScript; so to use the interface as service identifier it is also declared and exported as a constant. This is allowed as TypeScript supports declaration merging.
The services API are returning Promises, this should be a default practice as real life service implementations will certainly use external libraries that are predominantly asynchronous. TypeScript support for async and await makes the code concise and clean.
api/box.tsexport const BoxApi = "box";
export interface BoxApi {
produce(type: string): Promise<Box>;
}
export interface Box {
service: string;
id: string;
type: string;
}
api/item.tsexport const ItemApi = "item";
export interface ItemApi {
produce(type: string): Promise<Item>;
}
export interface Item {
service: string;
id: string;
name: string;
}
api/factory.tsimport { Box } from "./box";
import { Item } from "./item";
export const FactoryApi = "factory";
export interface FactoryApi {
produce(boxType: string, itemName: string): Promise<Product>;
}
export interface Product {
service: string;
timestamp: string;
box: Box;
item: Item;
}
Interfaces are used as service names @Service(BoxApi) and @Inject(ItemApi) as well as types of the injected properties (dependencies). Dependencies are not part of the service API but its implementation. TypeScript access modifiers (public, private, protected) are not enforced in runtime so injected properties can be declared protected as a convention choice.
Imports of API declarations are skipped in the code samples.
services/box.ts@Service(BoxApi)
export class BoxService implements BoxApi {
private type: string;
constructor(type: string) {
this.type = type || "default";
}
@Private()
public async produce(type: string): Promise<Box> {
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
id: Utils.uuid(),
type: type || this.type
};
}
}
services/item.ts@Service(ItemApi)
export class ItemService implements ItemApi {
@Private()
public async produce(name: string): Promise<Item> {
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
id: Utils.uuid(),
name
};
}
}
The @Private() declaration documents that the methods are intended for invocation within the container.
services/factory.ts@Service(FactoryApi)
export class FactoryService implements FactoryApi {
@Inject(BoxApi)
protected boxProducer: BoxApi;
@Inject(ItemApi)
protected itemProducer: ItemApi;
@Public()
@Get("/product")
public async produce(@QueryParam("box") boxType: string, @QueryParam("item") itemName: string): Promise<Product> {
let box: Box = await this.boxProducer.produce(boxType);
let item: Item = await this.itemProducer.produce(itemName || "item");
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
box,
item
};
}
}
The container can host multiple services but only those provided with publish() are exposed for external requests. Both register() and publish() should be called with the service constructor function (class), followed by any constructor arguments if required.
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample2")
// Internal services
.register(BoxService, "simple")
.register(ItemService)
// Public service
.publish(FactoryService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample2")
// Internal services
.register(BoxService, "simple")
.register(ItemService)
// Public service
.publish(FactoryService);
express.start(5000);
The Serverless file is only concerned with Lambda functions not the individual TyX services within those functions.
service: tyx-sample2
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 5
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
LOG_LEVEL: INFO
functions:
factory-function:
handler: functions/factory.handler
events:
- http:
path: product
method: GET
cors: true
Decoupling the service API and implementation in the previous example allows to split the services into their own dedicated functions. This is useful when service functions need to have fine tuned settings; starting from the basic, memory and timeout, environment variables (configuration) up to IAM role configuration.
When deploying services in dedicated functions service-to-service communication is no longer a method call inside the same Node.js process. To allow transparent dependency injection TyX provides for proxy service implementation that using direct Lambda to Lambda function invocations supported by AWS SDK.
Identical to example 2.2. Dependency injection
The only difference from previous example is that BoxService and ItemService have their method decorated with @Remote() instead of @Private(). This allows the method to be called outside of the host Lambda functions.
services/box.ts@Service(BoxApi)
export class BoxService implements BoxApi {
private type: string;
constructor(type: string) {
this.type = type || "default";
}
@Remote()
public async produce(type: string): Promise<Box> {
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
id: Utils.uuid(),
type: type || this.type
};
}
}
services/item.ts@Service(ItemApi)
export class ItemService implements ItemApi {
@Remote()
public async produce(name: string): Promise<Item> {
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
id: Utils.uuid(),
name
};
}
}
services/factory.ts@Service(FactoryApi)
export class FactoryService implements FactoryApi {
@Inject(BoxApi)
protected boxProducer: BoxApi;
@Inject(ItemApi)
protected itemProducer: ItemApi;
@Public()
@Get("/product")
public async produce(@QueryParam("box") boxType: string, @QueryParam("item") itemName: string): Promise<Product> {
let box: Box = await this.boxProducer.produce(boxType);
let item: Item = await this.itemProducer.produce(itemName || "item");
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
box,
item
};
}
}
The provided LambdaProxy class takes care of invoking the remote function and converting back the received result or error thrown.
The @Proxy decorator is mandatory and requires at minimum the name of the proxied service.
The full signature however is @Proxy(service: string, application?: string, functionName?: string), when not provided application defaults to the identifier specified in LambdaContainer constructor; functionName defaults to {service}-function, in this example box-function and item-function respectively.
proxies/box.ts@Proxy(BoxApi)
export class BoxProxy extends LambdaProxy implements BoxApi {
public async produce(type: string): Promise<Box> {
return this.proxy(this.produce, arguments);
}
}
- `proxies/item.ts`
@Proxy(ItemApi)
export class ItemProxy extends LambdaProxy implements ItemApi {
public async produce(name: string): Promise<Item> {
return this.proxy(this.produce, arguments);
}
}
The argument passed to LambdaContainer is application id and should correspond to the service setting in serverless.yml. Function-to-function requests within the same application are considered internal, while between different applications as remote. TyX has an authorization mechanism that distinguishes these two cases requiring additional settings. This example is about internal calls, next one covers remote calls. When internal function-to-function calls are used INTERNAL_SECRET configuration variable must be set; this is a secret key that both the invoking and invoked function must share so LambdaContainer can authorize the requests.
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample3")
.publish(BoxService, "simple");
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample3")
.publish(ItemService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample3")
// Use proxy instead of service implementation
.register(BoxProxy)
.register(ItemProxy)
.publish(FactoryService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
The following code allows to execute the FactoryService in the local container while the proxies will interact with the deployed functions on AWS.
The provided config.ts provides the needed environment variables defined in serverless.yml.
local/main.tsimport { Config } from "./config";
// Required for accessing Lambda via proxy on AWS
import AWS = require("aws-sdk");
AWS.config.region = "us-east-1";
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample3")
.register(DefaultConfiguration, Config)
.register(BoxProxy)
.register(ItemProxy)
.publish(FactoryService);
express.start(5000);
local/config.tsexport const Config = {
STAGE: "tyx-sample3-demo",
INTERNAL_SECRET: "7B2A62EF85274FA0AA97A1A33E09C95F",
LOG_LEVEL: "INFO"
};
Since internal function-to-function requests are use INTERNAL_SECRET is set; this should be an application specific random value (e.g. UUID).
The additional setting REMOTE_SECRET_TYX_SAMPLE4 is to allow remote requests from the next example.
It is necessary to allow the IAM role to lambda:InvokeFunction, of course it is recommended to be more specific about the Resource than in this example.
service: tyx-sample3
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
INTERNAL_SECRET: 7B2A62EF85274FA0AA97A1A33E09C95F
REMOTE_SECRET_TYX_SAMPLE4: D718F4BBCC7345749378EF88E660F701
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
iamRoleStatements:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- lambda:InvokeFunction
Resource: "arn:aws:lambda:${opt:region, self:provider.region}:*:*"
functions:
box-function:
handler: functions/box.handler
item-function:
handler: functions/item.handler
factory-function:
handler: functions/factory.handler
events:
- http:
path: product
method: GET
cors: true
Building upon the previous example this one demonstrates a remote request via LambdaProxy. The request is considered remote because involved services are deployed as separate serverless project - the previous example.
When remote function-to-function calls are used REMOTE_SECRET_(APPID) and REMOTE_STAGE_(APPID) configuration variables must be set. The first is a secret key that both the invoking and invoked function must share so LambdaContainer can authorize the calls; the second is (service)-(stage) prefix that Serverless Framework prepends to function names by default.
Identical to example 2.2. Dependency injection
BoxApi and ItemApi are not implemented as services in this example project, those provided and deployed by the previous example will be used via function-to-function calls.
@Service(FactoryApi)
export class FactoryService implements FactoryApi {
@Inject(BoxApi, "tyx-sample3")
protected boxProducer: BoxApi;
@Inject(ItemApi, "tyx-sample3")
protected itemProducer: ItemApi;
@Public()
@Get("/product")
public async produce(@QueryParam("box") boxType: string, @QueryParam("item") itemName: string): Promise<Product> {
let box: Box = await this.boxProducer.produce(boxType);
let item: Item = await this.itemProducer.produce(itemName || "item");
return {
service: ServiceMetadata.service(this),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
box,
item
};
}
}
The second parameter of @Proxy() decorator is provided as the target service is not in this serverless project.
@Proxy(BoxApi, "tyx-sample3")
export class BoxProxy extends LambdaProxy implements BoxApi {
public async produce(type: string): Promise<Box> {
return this.proxy(this.produce, arguments);
}
}
@Proxy(ItemApi, "tyx-sample3")
export class ItemProxy extends LambdaProxy implements ItemApi {
public async produce(name: string): Promise<Item> {
return this.proxy(this.produce, arguments);
}
}
Only the factory service is exposed as a function.
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample4")
// Use proxy instead of service implementation
.register(BoxProxy)
.register(ItemProxy)
.publish(FactoryService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
import { Config } from "./config";
// Required for accessing Lambda via proxy on AWS
import AWS = require("aws-sdk");
AWS.config.region = "us-east-1";
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample4")
.register(DefaultConfiguration, Config)
.register(BoxProxy)
.register(ItemProxy)
.publish(FactoryService);
express.start(5000);
The environment variables provide the remote secret and stage for application tyx-sample3. In the previous example there is a matching REMOTE_SECRET_TYX_SAMPLE4 with the same value as REMOTE_SECRET_TYX_SAMPLE3 here, this pairs the applications. When a remote request is being prepared the secret for the target application is being used; when a remote request is received the secret corresponding to the requesting application is used to authorize the request.
service: tyx-sample4
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
REMOTE_SECRET_TYX_SAMPLE3: D718F4BBCC7345749378EF88E660F701
REMOTE_STAGE_TYX_SAMPLE3: tyx-sample3-demo
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
iamRoleStatements:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- lambda:InvokeFunction
Resource: "arn:aws:lambda:${opt:region, self:provider.region}:*:*"
functions:
factory-function:
handler: functions/factory.handler
events:
- http:
path: product
method: GET
cors: true
TyX supports role-based authorization allowing to control access on service method level. There is no build-in authentication support, for the purpose of this example a hard-coded login service is used. The authorization is using JSON Web Token that are issued and validated by a build-in Security service. The container instantiate the default security service if non is registered and use it to validate all requests to non-public service methods.
Apart from the @Public() permission decorator @Query<R>() and @Command<R>() are provided to decorate service methods reflecting if the execution results in data retrieval or manipulation (changes).
api/app.ts Definition of application roles interface, used as generic parameter of permission decorators.import { Roles } from "tyx";
export interface AppRoles extends Roles {
Admin: boolean;
Manager: boolean;
Operator: boolean;
}
api/login.ts Login service APIexport const LoginApi = "login";
export interface LoginApi {
login(userId: string, password: string): Promise<string>;
}
api/factory.ts Extended factory APIexport const FactoryApi = "factory";
export interface FactoryApi {
// Admin only
reset(userId: string): Promise<Response>;
createProduct(userId: string, productId: string, name: string): Promise<Confirmation>;
removeProduct(userId: string, productId: string): Promise<Confirmation>;
// Admin & Manager
startProduction(userId: string, role: string, productId: string, order: any): Promise<Confirmation>;
stopProduction(userId: string, role: string, productId: string, order: any): Promise<Confirmation>;
// Operator
produce(userId: string, role: string, productId: string): Promise<Item>;
// Public
status(userId: string, role: string): Promise<Status>;
}
export interface Response {
userId: string;
role: string;
status: string;
}
export interface Product {
productId: string;
name: string;
creator: string;
production: boolean;
}
export interface Confirmation extends Response {
product: Product;
order?: any;
}
export interface Item extends Response {
product: Product;
itemId: string;
timestamp: string;
}
export interface Status extends Response {
products: Product[];
}
The login service provides a public entry point for users to obtain an access token. The injected Security service is always present in the container.
@Service(LoginApi)
export class LoginService implements LoginApi {
@Inject(Security)
protected security: Security;
@Public()
@Post("/login")
@ContentType("text/plain")
public async login(
@BodyParam("userId") userId: string,
@BodyParam("password") password: string): Promise<string> {
let role: string = undefined;
switch (userId) {
case "admin": role = password === "nimda" && "Admin"; break;
case "manager": role = password === "reganam" && "Manager"; break;
case "operator": role = password === "rotarepo" && "Operator"; break;
}
if (!role) throw new Unauthorized("Unknown user or invalid password");
return await this.security.issueToken({ subject: "user:internal", userId, role });
}
}
Methods reset(), createProduct() and removeProduct() are decorated with @Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: false, Operator: false }) allowing only Admin users to invoke them via the HTTP bindings specified with @Post() and @Delete() decorators.
Methods startProduction() and stopProduction() are allowed to Admin and Manager role; both bind to the same path @Put("/product/{id}", true) however the second param set to true instructs the container that Content-Type header will have an additional parameter domain-model equal to the method name so to select the desired action, e.g. Content-Type: application/json;domain-model=startProduction.
Method produce() is allowed for all three roles but not for public access. Public access is allowed to method status() with @Query<AppRoles>({ Public: true, Admin: true, Manager: true, Operator: true }).
When the userId, role or other authorization attributes are needed in method logic @ContextParam("auth.{param}") can be used to bind the arguments. Other option is to use @ContextObject() and so get the entire context object as single attribute.
Having a service state
productsis for example purposes only, Lambda functions must persist the state in cloud services (e.g. DynamoDB).
@Service(FactoryApi)
export class FactoryService implements FactoryApi {
private products: Record<string, Product> = {};
// Admin only
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: false, Operator: false })
@Post("/reset")
public async reset(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string): Promise<Response> {
this.products = {};
return { userId, role: "Admin", status: "Reset" };
}
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: false, Operator: false })
@Post("/product")
public async createProduct(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@BodyParam("id") productId: string,
@BodyParam("name") name: string): Promise<Confirmation> {
if (this.products[productId]) throw new BadRequest("Duplicate product");
let product = { productId, name, creator: userId, production: false, orders: [] };
this.products[productId] = product;
return { userId, role: "Admin", status: "Create product", product };
}
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: false, Operator: false })
@Delete("/product/{id}")
public async removeProduct(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@PathParam("id") productId: string): Promise<Confirmation> {
let product = this.products[productId];
if (!product) throw new NotFound("Product not found");
delete this.products[productId];
return { userId, role: "Admin", status: "Remove product", product };
}
// Admin & Manager
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: true, Operator: false })
@Put("/product/{id}", true)
public async startProduction(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@ContextParam("auth.role") role: string,
@PathParam("id") productId: string,
@Body() order: any): Promise<Confirmation> {
let product = this.products[productId];
if (!product) throw new NotFound("Product not found");
product.production = true;
product.orders.push(order);
return { userId, role, status: "Production started", product, order };
}
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: true, Operator: false })
@Put("/product/{id}", true)
public async stopProduction(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@ContextParam("auth.role") role: string,
@PathParam("id") productId: string,
@Body() order: any): Promise<Confirmation> {
let product = this.products[productId];
if (!product) throw new NotFound("Product not found");
product.production = false;
product.orders.push(order);
return { userId, role, status: "Production stopped", product, order };
}
// + Operator
@Command<AppRoles>({ Admin: true, Manager: true, Operator: true })
@Get("/product/{id}")
public async produce(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@ContextParam("auth.role") role: string,
@PathParam("id") productId: string): Promise<Item> {
let product = this.products[productId];
if (!product) throw new NotFound("Product not found");
if (!product.production) throw new BadRequest("Product not in production");
let item: Item = {
userId, role,
status: "Item produced",
product,
itemId: Utils.uuid(),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
};
return item;
}
@Query<AppRoles>({ Public: true, Admin: true, Manager: true, Operator: true })
@Get("/status")
public async status(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@ContextParam("auth.role") role: string): Promise<Status> {
let products = [];
Object.keys(this.products).forEach(k => products.push(this.products[k]));
return { userId, role, status: "Status", products };
}
}
Login and Factory services are independent so can be deployed as separate functions.
services/factory.tslet container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample5")
.publish(FactoryService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
services/login.tslet container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample5")
.publish(LoginService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
The container constructor accepts an additional argument that is path prefix for all exposed routes. In this case /demo match how Api Gateway by default will include the stage name in the path.
import { Config } from "./config";
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample5", "/demo")
.register(DefaultConfiguration, Config)
.publish(LoginService)
.publish(FactoryService);
express.start(5000);
When using authorization it is necessary to provide a HTTP_SECRET that is used to sign and verify the web tokens as well as HTTP_TIMEOUT how long the tokens are valid.
service: tyx-sample5
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
HTTP_SECRET: 3B2709157BD8444BAD42DE246D41BB35
HTTP_TIMEOUT: 2h
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
functions:
login-function:
handler: functions/login.handler
events:
- http:
path: login
method: POST
cors: true
factory-function:
handler: functions/factory.handler
events:
- http:
path: reset
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: product
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: product/{id}
method: DELETE
cors: true
- http:
path: product/{id}
method: PUT
cors: true
- http:
path: product/{id}
method: GET
cors: true
- http:
path: status
method: GET
cors: true
When posting to example LoginService at /demo/login with json body { userId: "admin", password: "nimda" } a token is received as plain text:
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.
eyJvaWQiOiJhZG1pbiIsInJvbGUiOiJBZG1pbiIsImlhdCI6MTUwODk0NDI5NywiZX
hwIjoxNTA4OTUxNDk3LCJhdWQiOiJ0eXgtc2FtcGxlNSIsImlzcyI6InR5eC1zYW1w
bGU1Iiwic3ViIjoidXNlcjppbnRlcm5hbCIsImp0aSI6ImI4N2U1MDYyLTYwNjItND
k0Ny1iMTU1LWZmNzA0NzBhMTEzZCJ9.
b8H27N26QKFbFofuMPd1PGQHG7UeB5J1FIoQIte-dss
Decoded it contains the minimum info for the security service:
oid is user identifierrole application roleiat issued-at timestampexp expiry timestampaud application id the token is intended toiss application id issuing the tokensub subject / token typejti unique token id{
"alg": "HS256",
"typ": "JWT"
}
{
"oid": "admin",
"role": "Admin",
"iat": 1508944297,
"exp": 1508951497,
"aud": "tyx-sample5",
"iss": "tyx-sample5",
"sub": "user:internal",
"jti": "b87e5062-6062-4947-b155-ff70470a113d"
}
Express is an established node.js web framework and there is a wealth of third party middleware packages that may not be available in other form. The ExpressService base class uses aws-serverless-express to host an Express application. This is not intended to host existing Express applications but more as a solution to bridge the gap for specific functionalities, for example use Passport.js to implement user authentication.
Service methods delegating to Express must have a signature method(ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>, the service can have ordinary methods as well.
export const ExampleApi = "example";
export interface ExampleApi {
hello(): string;
onGet(ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>;
onPost(ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>;
other(ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>;
}
Multiple routes delegated to Express for processing can be declared with decorators over a single method, such as other() in the example or over dedicated methods such as onGet() and onPost() to allow for logic preceding or following the Express processing. Presence of @ContentType("RAW") is required to pass the result verbatim to the user (statusCode, headers, body as generated by Express) otherwise the returned object will be treated as a json body.
The base class requires to implement the abstract method setup(app: Express, ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): void that setup the Express app to be used for request processing. Each instance of the express app is used for a single request, no state can be maintained inside Lambda functions.
import BodyParser = require("body-parser");
@Service(ExampleApi)
export class ExampleService extends ExpressService implements ExampleApi {
@Public()
@Get("/hello")
@ContentType("text/plain")
public hello(): string {
return "Express service ...";
}
@Public()
@Get("/app")
@ContentType("RAW")
public async onGet(@ContextObject() ctx: Context, @RequestObject() req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse> {
return super.process(ctx, req);
}
@Public()
@Post("/app")
@ContentType("RAW")
public async onPost(@ContextObject() ctx: Context, @RequestObject() req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse> {
return super.process(ctx, req);
}
@Public()
@Put("/app")
@Delete("/app/{id}")
@ContentType("RAW")
public async other(@ContextObject() ctx: Context, @RequestObject() req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse> {
return super.process(ctx, req);
}
protected setup(app: Express, ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): void {
app.register(BodyParser.json());
app.get("/app", (xreq, xres) => this.flush(xreq, xres, ctx, req));
app.post("/app", (xreq, xres) => this.flush(xreq, xres, ctx, req));
app.put("/app", (xreq, xres) => this.flush(xreq, xres, ctx, req));
app.delete("/app/:id", (xreq, xres) => this.flush(xreq, xres, ctx, req));
}
private flush(xreq: Request, xres: Response, ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest) {
let result = {
msg: `Express ${req.method} method`,
path: xreq.path,
method: xreq.method,
headers: xreq.headers,
params: xreq.params,
query: xreq.query,
body: xreq.body,
lambda: { ctx, req }
};
xres.send(result);
}
}
let container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample6")
.publish(ExampleService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
Applications containing express services can be run with the ExpressContainer, the container express instance and the internal service instance remain completely separate.
let express = new ExpressContainer("tyx-sample6")
.publish(ExampleService);
express.start(5000);
There no special requirements for functions hosting Express services.
service: tyx-sample6
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
functions:
example-function:
handler: functions/example.handler
events:
- http:
path: hello
method: GET
cors: true
- http:
path: app
method: GET
cors: true
- http:
path: app
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: app
method: PUT
cors: true
- http:
path: app/{id}
method: DELETE
cors: true
Error handling is implemented in TyX containers to ensure both explicitly thrown errors and runtime errors are propagated in unified format to the calling party. Classes corespnding to standard HTTP error responses are provided:
400 BadRequest401 Unauthorized403 Forbidden404 NotFound409 Conflict500 InternalServerError501 NotImplemented503 ServiceUnavailableapi/calculator.ts combined serviceexport const CalculatorApi = "calculator";
export interface CalculatorApi {
mortgage(amount: any, nMonths: any, interestRate: any, precision: any): Promise<MortgageResponse>;
missing(req: any): Promise<number>;
unhandled(req: any): Promise<number>;
}
export interface MortgageResponse {
monthlyPayment: number;
total: number;
totalInterest: number;
}
api/mortgage.ts mortgage calculation serviceexport const MortgageApi = "mortgage";
export interface MortgageApi {
calculate(amount: number, nMonths: number, interestRate: number, precision: number): Promise<number>;
}
api/missing.ts used for proxy to missing functionexport const MissingApi = "missing";
export interface MissingApi {
calculate(req: any): Promise<number>;
}
api/missing.ts used for proxy to a function throwing unhandled exceptionexport const UnhandledApi = "unhandled";
export interface UnhandledApi {
calculate(req: any): Promise<number>;
}
services/calculator.ts validates that body parameters are present and expected type.@Service(CalculatorApi)
export class CalculatorService implements CalculatorApi {
@Inject(MortgageApi)
protected mortgageService: MortgageApi;
@Inject(MissingApi)
protected missingService: MissingApi;
@Inject(UnhandledApi)
protected unhandledService: UnhandledApi;
@Public()
@Post("/mortgage")
public async mortgage(@BodyParam("amount") amount: any,
@BodyParam("nMonths") nMonths: any,
@BodyParam("interestRate") interestRate: any,
@BodyParam("precision") precision: any): Promise<MortgageResponse> {
let _amount = Number.parseFloat(amount);
let _nMonths = Number.parseFloat(nMonths);
let _interestRate = Number.parseFloat(interestRate);
let _precision = precision && Number.parseFloat(precision);
// Type validation
let errors: ApiErrorBuilder = BadRequest.builder();
if (!Number.isFinite(_amount)) errors.detail("amount", "Amount required and must be a number, got: {input}.", { input: amount || null });
if (!Number.isInteger(_nMonths)) errors.detail("nMonths", "Number of months required and must be a integer, got: {input}.", { input: nMonths || null });
if (!Number.isFinite(_interestRate)) errors.detail("interestRate", "Interest rate required and must be a number, got: {input}.", { input: interestRate || null });
if (_precision && !Number.isInteger(_precision)) errors.detail("precision", "Precision must be an integer, got: {input}.", { input: precision || null });
if (errors.count()) throw errors.reason("calculator.mortgage.validation", "Parameters validation failed").create();
let monthlyPayment = await this.mortgageService.calculate(_amount, _nMonths, _interestRate, _precision);
return {
monthlyPayment,
total: monthlyPayment * _nMonths,
totalInterest: (monthlyPayment * _nMonths) - _amount
};
}
@Public()
@Post("/missing")
public async missing(@Body() req: any): Promise<number> {
return this.missingService.calculate(req);
}
@Public()
@Post("/unhandled")
public async unhandled(@Body() req: any): Promise<number> {
return this.unhandledService.calculate(req);
}
}
services/mortgage.ts simple mortgage monthly payment calculator service, BadRequest.builder() returns a instance of ApiErrorBuilder allowing to progressively compose validation errors; in this case inputs are expected to be positive numbers.@Service(MortgageApi)
export class MortgageService implements MortgageApi {
@Remote()
public async calculate(amount: number, nMonths: number, interestRate: number, precision: number = 5): Promise<number> {
// Range validation
let errors: ApiErrorBuilder = BadRequest.builder();
if (amount <= 0) errors.detail("amount", "Amount must be grater than zero." );
if (nMonths <= 0) errors.detail("nMonths", "Number of months must be grater than zero.");
if (interestRate <= 0) errors.detail("interestRate", "Interest rate must be grater than zero.");
if (errors.count()) throw errors.reason("mortgage.calculate.validation", "Invalid parameters values").create();
interestRate = interestRate / 100 / 12;
let x = Math.pow(1 + interestRate, nMonths);
return +((amount * x * interestRate) / (x - 1)).toFixed(precision);
}
}
proxies/mortgage.ts Mortgage calculator is deployed as a dedicated Lambda function, to demonstrate that errors just as the return value is transparently passed.@Proxy(MortgageApi)
export class MortgageProxy extends LambdaProxy implements MortgageApi {
public calculate(amount: any, nMonths: any, interestRate: any): Promise<number> {
return this.proxy(this.calculate, arguments);
}
}
proxies/missing.ts Calling the proxy results in error due to non-existence of the target function@Proxy(MissingApi)
export class MissingProxy extends LambdaProxy implements MissingApi {
public calculate(req: any): Promise<number> {
return this.proxy(this.calculate, arguments);
}
}
proxies/unhandled.ts Calling the proxy results in unhandled error@Proxy(UnhandledApi)
export class UnhandledProxy extends LambdaProxy implements UnhandledApi {
public calculate(req: any): Promise<number> {
return this.proxy(this.calculate, arguments);
}
}
functions/calculator.tslet container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample7")
.register(MortgageProxy)
.publish(CalculatorService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
functions/mortgage.tslet container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample7")
.publish(MortgageService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
functions/unhandled.ts Unhandled error is thrown instead using callback(err, null) for handled errorsexport function handler(event: any, ctx: any, callback: (err, data) => void) {
throw new Error("Not Implemented");
}
service: tyx-sample7
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
INTERNAL_SECRET: 7B2A62EF85274FA0AA97A1A33E09C95F
INTERNAL_TIMEOUT: 5s
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
# permissions for all functions
iamRoleStatements:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- lambda:InvokeFunction
Resource: "arn:aws:lambda:${opt:region, self:provider.region}:*:*"
functions:
mortgage-function:
handler: functions/mortgage.handler
unhandled-function:
handler: functions/unhandled.handler
calculator-function:
handler: functions/calculator.handler
events:
- http:
path: mortgage
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: missing
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: unhandled
method: POST
cors: true
When posting to /demo/mortgage a valid request:
{
"amount": "15000",
"nMonths": "15",
"interestRate": "7",
"precision": "2"
}
response is received:
{
"monthlyPayment": 1047.3,
"total": 15709.5,
"totalInterest": 709.5
}
When any of required inputs is missing or not a number:
{
"amount": "15000",
"interestRate": "zero",
"precision": "2"
}
HTTP 404 Bad Request is received with the error as json body:
{
"code": 400,
"message": "Parameters validation failed",
"reason": {
"code": "calculator.mortgage.validation",
"message": "Parameters validation failed"
},
"details": [{
"code": "nMonths",
"message": "Number of months required and must be a integer, got: null.",
"params": {
"input": null
}
}, {
"code": "interestRate",
"message": "Interest rate required and must be a number, got: zero.",
"params": {
"input": "zero"
}
}],
"stack": "BadRequest: Parameters validation failed\n at CalculatorService.<anonymous> (/var/task/services/calculator.js:44:103)\n at next (native)\n at /var/task/services/calculator.js:19:71\n at __awaiter (/var/task/services/calculator.js:15:12)\n at CalculatorService.mortgage (/var/task/services/calculator.js:28:16)\n at /var/task/node_modules/tyx/core/container/instance.js:202:47\n at next (native)",
"__class__": "BadRequest"
}
Sending a negative value will return an error generated in MortgageService:
{
"amount": "15000",
"nMonths": "15",
"interestRate": "-7",
"precision": "2"
}
Error repsonse:
{
"code": 400,
"message": "Invalid parameters values",
"proxy": true,
"reason": {
"code": "mortgage.calculate.validation",
"message": "Invalid parameters values"
},
"details": [{
"code": "interestRate",
"message": "Interest rate must be grater than zero."
}],
"stack": "BadRequest: Invalid parameters values\n at MortgageService.<anonymous> (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:34:99)\n at next (native)\n at /var/task/services/mortgage.js:16:71\n at __awaiter (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:12:12)\n at MortgageService.calculate (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:24:16)\n at /var/task/node_modules/tyx/core/container/instance.js:173:47\n at next (native)",
"__class__": "BadRequest"
}
On purpose there is no check on valid range for precision to demonstrate handling of runtime errors:
{
"amount": "15000",
"nMonths": "15",
"interestRate": "7",
"precision": "25"
}
Responds with 500 Internal Server Error:
{
"code": 500,
"message": "toFixed() digits argument must be between 0 and 20",
"proxy": true,
"cause": {
"stack": "RangeError: toFixed() digits argument must be between 0 and 20\n at Number.toFixed (native)\n at MortgageService.<anonymous> (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:37:61)\n at next (native)\n at /var/task/services/mortgage.js:16:71\n at __awaiter (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:12:12)\n at MortgageService.calculate (/var/task/services/mortgage.js:24:16)\n at /var/task/node_modules/tyx/core/container/instance.js:173:47\n at next (native)\n at /var/task/node_modules/tyx/core/container/instance.js:7:71\n at __awaiter (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/core/container/instance.js:3:12)",
"message": "toFixed() digits argument must be between 0 and 20",
"__class__": "RangeError"
},
"stack": "InternalServerError: toFixed() digits argument must be between 0 and 20\n at LambdaContainer.<anonymous> (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/container.js:49:56)\n at throw (native)\n at rejected (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/container.js:5:65)",
"__class__": "InternalServerError"
}
Posting to /demo/missing with any json body will result in:
{
"code": 500,
"message": "Function not found: arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:9999999999:function:tyx-sample7-demo-missing-function",
"cause": {
"stack": "ResourceNotFoundException: Function not found: arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:9999999999:function:tyx-sample7-demo-missing-function\n at Object.extractError (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/protocol/json.js:48:27)\n at Request.extractError (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/protocol/rest_json.js:45:8)\n at Request.callListeners (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/sequential_executor.js:105:20)\n at Request.emit (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/sequential_executor.js:77:10)\n at Request.emit (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/request.js:683:14)\n at Request.transition (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/request.js:22:10)\n at AcceptorStateMachine.runTo (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/state_machine.js:14:12)\n at /var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/state_machine.js:26:10\n at Request.<anonymous> (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/request.js:38:9)\n at Request.<anonymous> (/var/runtime/node_modules/aws-sdk/lib/request.js:685:12)",
"message": "Function not found: arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:9999999999:function:tyx-sample7-demo-missing-function",
"code": "ResourceNotFoundException",
"name": "ResourceNotFoundException",
"time": "2017-10-31T08:48:27.688Z",
"requestId": "435de987-be18-11e7-b667-657e489d6573",
"statusCode": 404,
"retryable": false,
"retryDelay": 75.5332334968972,
"__class__": "Error"
},
"stack": "InternalServerError: Function not found: arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:9999999999:function:tyx-sample7-demo-missing-function\n at MissingProxy.<anonymous> (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/proxy.js:45:52)\n at throw (native)\n at rejected (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/proxy.js:5:65)\n at process._tickDomainCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:135:7)",
"__class__": "InternalServerError"
}
Posting to /demo/unhandled with any json body will result in:
{
"code": 500,
"message": "RequestId: 726809f7-be19-11e7-bdb3-c7331d9214c8 Process exited before completing request",
"stack": "InternalServerError: RequestId: 726809f7-be19-11e7-bdb3-c7331d9214c8 Process exited before completing request\n at UnhandledProxy.<anonymous> (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/proxy.js:52:52)\n at next (native)\n at fulfilled (/var/task/node_modules/tyx/aws/proxy.js:4:58)\n at process._tickDomainCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:135:7)",
"__class__": "InternalServerError"
}
TyX containers require the presence of the Configuration service, if one is not provided a default implementation is being used. In this example the Configuration service is extended with properties relevant to the simple timestamp service.
Recommended convention is to name extension as ConfigApi and ConfigService. The API must extend the Configuration interface, so it merged constant (service name) equals Configuration as well.
api/config.ts extended configurationexport const ConfigApi = Configuration;
export interface ConfigApi extends Configuration {
timestampSecret: string;
timestampStrength: number;
}
api/timestamp.ts example timestamp serviceexport interface TimestampApi {
issue(data: any): TimestampResult;
verify(input: TimestampResult): TimestampResult;
}
export interface TimestampResult {
id: string;
timestamp: string;
hash: string;
signature: string;
data: any;
valid?: boolean;
error?: string;
}
The implementation extends the provided BaseConfiguration class that is simple wrapper around a json object this.config which is process.env by default. This approach uses Environment Variables of Lambda functions that are also supported by the Serverless Framework, so configurations can be modified via AWS Console or API without a need to redeploy the function. Developers can directly implement the Configuration interface to use different storage.
@Service(ConfigApi)
export class ConfigService extends BaseConfiguration implements ConfigApi {
constructor(config?: any) {
super(config);
}
get timestampSecret() { return this.config.TIMESTAMP_SECRET; }
get timestampStrength() { return parseInt(this.config.TIMESTAMP_STRENGTH || 0); }
}
Example timestamp service based on SHA256.
@Service(TimestampApi)
export class TimestampService extends BaseService implements TimestampApi {
@Inject(ConfigApi)
protected config: ConfigApi;
@Public()
@Post("/issue")
public issue( @Body() data: any): TimestampResult {
let result = { id: UUID(), timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), hash: null, signature: null, data };
let text = JSON.stringify(data);
[result.hash, result.signature] = this.sign(result.id, result.timestamp, text);
return result;
}
@Public()
@Post("/verify")
public verify( @Body() input: TimestampResult): TimestampResult {
if (!input.id || !input.timestamp || !input.hash || !input.signature || !input.data)
throw new BadRequest("Invalid input format");
let hash: string, signature: string;
[hash, signature] = this.sign(input.id, input.timestamp, JSON.stringify(input.data));
if (hash !== input.hash) input.error = "Hash mismatch";
else if (signature !== input.signature) input.error = "Invalid signature";
else input.valid = true;
return input;
}
private sign(id: string, timestamp: string, input: string): [string, string] {
if (!this.config.timestampSecret) throw new InternalServerError("Signature secret not configured");
if (!this.config.timestampStrength) throw new InternalServerError("Signature strength not configured");
let hash: string = SHA256(input || "");
let signature: string = id + "/" + timestamp + "/" + hash;
for (let i = 0; i < this.config.timestampStrength; i++)
signature = SHA256(signature + "/" + i + "/" + this.config.timestampSecret);
return [hash, signature];
}
}
functions/timestamp.tslet container = new LambdaContainer("tyx-sample8")
.register(ConfigService)
.publish(TimestampService);
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
The two configuration parameters are defined on function level where they are used. There is a limitation that "total size of the set does not exceed 4 KB" per function so better define variables under provider only when used by all or significant number of functions.
service: tyx-sample8
provider:
name: aws
region: us-east-1
stage: demo
runtime: nodejs6.10
memorySize: 128
timeout: 10
environment:
STAGE: ${self:service}-${opt:stage, self:provider.stage}
LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
functions:
timestamp-function:
handler: functions/timestamp.handler
environment:
TIMESTAMP_SECRET: F72001057DDA40D3B7B81E7BF06CF495
TIMESTAMP_STRENGTH: 3
events:
- http:
path: issue
method: POST
cors: true
- http:
path: verify
method: POST
cors: true
When posting to /demo/issue a json object:
{
"from": "tyx",
"to": "world",
"message": "Hello World ..."
}
signed timestamp is received:
{
"id": "c43c1de9-9561-47d3-8aed-10e4e7080b59",
"timestamp": "2017-10-31T10:48:03.903Z",
"hash": "760c891dd1061a843bf9a778e2fb42d28ea6aa57654474cd176ee5385c674875",
"signature": "a3d71713bca7830d9f8b10f7841758db0e7bfd0bfcb2a450fd0caa3d8a72eca2",
"data": {
"from": "tyx",
"to": "world",
"message": "Hello World ..."
}
}
TyX Core Framework aims to provide a programming model for back-end serverless solutions by leveraging TypeScript support for object oriented programming. TyX addresses how to write and structure the application back-end into services deployed as Lambda functions.
Decorators are extensively used while inheritance from base classes is minimized. Services so written are abstracted from details how HTTP events arrive, how the response is propagated back and the internal routing in case of multiple events being served by the hosting Lambda function. These responsibilities are handled by a Container specific to the hosting environment (Lambda). As proof-of-concept and to serve as development tool an Express based container is provided allowing to run the unmodified services code.
TyX was developed with intent to be used together with Serverless Framework that provides rapid deployment. There is no direct dependency on the Serverless Framework so developers can opt for alternative deployment tools.
AWS Lambda and API Gateway are the core component of AWS Serverless Platform. API Gateway takes most of the responsibilities traditionally handled by HTTP Web Servers (e.g. Apache, nginx, IIS ...), it is the entry point for HTTP requests; however it does not directly host or manage code responsible for handling those requests. AWS Lambda is a compute service for running code without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda functions react on events, API Gateway being one of the supported sources. On each HTTP request arriving on API Gateway an event object is dispatched to an instance of a Lambda function, on its completion the function provides the response (statusCode, headers, body).
Lambda functions are subject to limitation on memory and allowed execution time, and are inherently stateless. AWS Lambda may create, destroy or reuse instances of the Lambda function to accommodate the demand (traffic). The function instance is not aware of its life-cycle. At most it can detect when handler function is first loaded but there is no notification/events when the instance is to be frozen for reuse or about to be destroyed. This prevents any meaningful internal state or cache as the function is not a continuously running process. Limited access to the file system is allowed but should not be used with assumption that stored files will be available for the next request; certainly not to run a local database.
Number of concurrently running function instances is also limited (per AWS account). Developers have no control over the max number of instances a given function can have, which is a challenge when other services or resources used by the function (e.g. database) can not support or scale to match the concurrent requests. Serverless concept removes the need to manage servers or containers for the function (business logic) execution but this does not cover the management of services those functions use. For example S3 most likely can accommodate any load of object access and manipulation concurrent Lambda functions can generate; on the contrary databases usually have limits on concurrent connections and/or the allowed read/write throughput. The Serverless environment may look very restricted and even hostile toward some traditional practices (like the mentioned in-memory caching, or local disk databases). Lambda functions are not intended to serve static files or render HTML content as with MVC frameworks, handling file uploads is also best avoided.
TyX framework does not shield the developer from the specifics and challenges of the serverless architecture, nor does it attempt to abstract the limitations of the execution environment.
Services are the building block of application back-end and together with dependency injection provides for structured and flexible code organization. A service can expose only a single method with event binding, and if hosted in a dedicated Lambda function will abide to the single responsibility principle. However it may group together methods corresponding to related actions or entities, following microservice principles. TyX does not enforce a specific style or paradigm; a Lambda function can host arbitrary number of services each with its own event bindings.
Traditionally web frameworks especially those based on MVC pattern make a distinction between the concepts of Service and Controller. As TyX is aimed at back-end service layer only the notion of Service is provided; a Service having event bindings (decorators) on its methods is effectively a controller.
Services for private (in-container) use not exposing any event bindings can be alternatively implemented as class libraries (JavaScript/TypeScript modules), so directly imported and instantiated where used. It is a matter of preference. TyX was designed to favor named services with dependency injection versus direct import of modules. TypeScript support for interfaces and abstract classes can be utilized to decouple the service interface from its implementation(s).
Events trigger an execution of a Lambda function; TyX resolves the service and method bound to the event and together with the event data forms a Request object representing the event and pass it to method invocation. Using the provided decorators event data elements can be mapped to method arguments or even pass the complete Request object.
Serverless Framework provides a declarative approach (serverless.yml) to define event mappings per function. TyX support the standard HTTP events and follows the ApiGateway path syntax. In experimental stage are event bindings for S3, DynamoDB and Kinesis Stream events.
In TyX the container has a twofold role both as a service registry and dependency injector and provides the entry point (handler) of the Lambda function. All services must be explicitly registered in the container either for internal use by register or publish their event bindings.
export const container = new LambdaContainer("example")
// Use internal services
.register(PersistenceService)
.register(AuditService, { level: "Detail" })
// Publish public services
.publish(ReviewService);
// Export the lambda handler function
export const handler: LambdaHandler = container.export();
Registering services requires that class (constructor) is provided optionally together with arguments to be used to call the constructor. TyX only support property injection so services are preferred to provide default constructors. It is allowed to register specific instances (objects) as well. For a class to be considered a service it must have the @Service decorator and optionally implement the Service interface.
The container is implemented as a pool with record of the service registrations; while a container instance actually instantiate the services and resolve dependencies. So to process an event the container pool (e.g. LambdaContainer) will identify the event type, construct the Request object and prepare a container instance, then pass the processing to the instance. Instances are reused, once the event processing is finalized and the result is propagated back the instance is marked as ready to process the next incoming event.
In AWS Lambda execution environment the function instance is not reused until previous execution is complete and Node.js event loop is empty (by default), so the container pool will ever have a single instance in it. This requires that any resources that may keep the event loop busy are created before event processing and closed/released after its completion, e.g. database connections. For this purpose the Service interface defines two optional methods activate and release; all services implementing the methods are activated before and released after each event processing cycle.
Express does not have such limitation and the provided ExpressContainer can concurrently process multiple incoming requests. So the design of the container as pool/instance allows to accommodate both types of execution environment; and guarantee that each service instance is exposed to one event at a time.
Services hosted in different Lambda functions can communicate via their public HTTP API, however this round-trip can be avoided as AWS Lambda provides for direct function invocation. TyX implements a RMI-like communication so uses synchronous Lambda invocation necessary so the returned result or the error thrown from the invoked service are made available to the invoking service as if the invoked service was a local instance.
AWS Lambda bills both the "waiting" time of the invoking function as well as the "running" time of invoked function; so it may not be cost effective to host each service in its own function as default approach if services are tightly coupled. With the raising popularity of the serverless paradigm hopefully AWS will offer more optimal solutions for async lambda function invocation; this is particularly relevant for microservice based solutions on AWS Lambda.
Proxies are useful in case of integration between two applications when a subset of services are used by the other application or a dedicated service is created to provide the integration API. IAM policy can be used to further control the access beyond TyX token based authorization. TyX at moment requires that both applications (serverless projects) are deployed in the same AWS region.
Neither AWS Lambda or the Serverless Framework have the notion of application, project or solution. The closest concept is
API Gateway APIas collection of resources and methods that are integrated with back-end Lambda functions. So all functions deployed from a serverless project are exposed as an API instance with single stage assigned a common domain name. The deployed Lambda functions are not part of a group or collection that correspond to the API they implement.
Service implementations and the supporting decorators are presented with two core data structure, the Request Object and the Context Object
The HttpRequest object is an based on HTTP event as received from API Gateway. The content type is additionally processed, if json is detected the body is parsed and made available as json property. Header names are converted to lowercase as convention choice.
interface Request {
type: "remote" | "internal" | "http" | "event";
application: string;
service: string;
method: string;
requestId: string;
}
type HttpMethod = "GET" | "POST" | "PUT" | "DELETE" | "PATCH";
interface HttpRequest extends Request {
httpMethod: HttpMethod;
resource: string;
path: string;
sourceIp: string;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
pathParameters?: Record<string, string>;
queryStringParameters?: Record<string, string>;
body?: string | null;
isBase64Encoded?: boolean;
json?: any;
contentType?: HttpContentType;
}
interface HttpHeader {
value: string;
params: Record<string, string>;
}
interface HttpContentType extends HttpHeader {
domainModel?: string;
isJson?: boolean;
isMultipart?: boolean;
}
{
"type": "http",
"requestId": "bbfb7cd5-ba45-11e7-bb80-356aa0e72897",
"sourceIp": "2.3.6.186",
"application": "tyx-sample5",
"service": "factory",
"method": "startProduction",
"httpMethod": "PUT",
"resource": "/product/{id}",
"path": "/product/red",
"pathParameters": {
"id": "red"
},
"queryStringParameters": {
"dummy": "param"
},
"headers": {
"authorization": "Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJvaWQiOiJtYW5hZ2VyIiwicm9sZSI6Ik1hbmFnZXIiLCJpYXQiOjE1MDkwMTk0MzIsImV4cCI6MTUwOTAyNjYzMiwiYXVkIjoidHl4LXNhbXBsZTUiLCJpc3MiOiJ0eXgtc2FtcGxlNSIsInN1YiI6InVzZXI6aW50ZXJuYWwiLCJqdGkiOiI5ZGJkYmMwYy0wMWRiLTRmN2ItYmY0ZS1kMmUzMmY1ZDExNWIifQ.pI_4JMgzXR4Ei9i0CH4lKsX59id-vNQqrIYzP8Yz8PI",
"cloudfront-forwarded-proto": "https",
"cloudfront-is-desktop-viewer": "true",
"cloudfront-is-mobile-viewer": "false",
"cloudfront-is-smarttv-viewer": "false",
"cloudfront-is-tablet-viewer": "false",
"cloudfront-viewer-country": "MK",
"content-type": "application/json; domain-model=startProduction",
"host": "2xuoozq2m7.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
"via": "1.1 edee3ff8f335740e0ea86cf9f62b5ae9.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)",
"x-amz-cf-id": "3s62OS3p-hVNJvXTTSF3MRNR2Y8aTz60s9HLtc-x0ZGwksJVGcRkwA==",
"x-amzn-trace-id": "Root=1-59f1cf28-1537e44a2e2b1d5917d05402",
"x-forwarded-for": "2.3.4.186, 54.182.239.90",
"x-forwarded-port": "443",
"x-forwarded-proto": "https"
},
"body": "{\"orderId\":\"start\"}",
"isBase64Encoded": false,
"contentType": {
"value": "application/json",
"params": {
"domain-model": "startProduction"
},
"domainModel": "startProduction",
"isJson": true,
"isMultipart": false
},
"json": {
"orderId": "start"
}
}
Context object contains the authorization token received, the invoked method permission definition and authorization info extracted from the token.
interface Context {
requestId: string;
token: string;
permission: PermissionMetadata;
auth: AuthInfo;
}
interface AuthInfo {
tokenId?: string;
issuer?: string;
audience?: string;
subject: "event" | "remote" | "user:internal" | "user:external" | "user:public" | string;
remote?: boolean;
userId: string;
role: string;
email?: string;
name?: string;
ipAddress?: string;
issued?: Date;
expires?: Date;
}
interface PermissionMetadata {
service?: string;
method: string;
name: string;
roles: Roles;
}
{
"requestId": "bbfb7cd5-ba45-11e7-bb80-356aa0e72897",
"token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJvaWQiOiJtYW5hZ2VyIiwicm9sZSI6Ik1hbmFnZXIiLCJpYXQiOjE1MDkwMTk0MzIsImV4cCI6MTUwOTAyNjYzMiwiYXVkIjoidHl4LXNhbXBsZTUiLCJpc3MiOiJ0eXgtc2FtcGxlNSIsInN1YiI6InVzZXI6aW50ZXJuYWwiLCJqdGkiOiI5ZGJkYmMwYy0wMWRiLTRmN2ItYmY0ZS1kMmUzMmY1ZDExNWIifQ.pI_4JMgzXR4Ei9i0CH4lKsX59id-vNQqrIYzP8Yz8PI",
"permission": {
"service": "factory",
"method": "startProduction",
"name": "command",
"roles": {
"Admin": true,
"Manager": true,
"Operator": false,
"Internal": true,
"Remote": true
}
},
"auth": {
"tokenId": "9dbdbc0c-01db-4f7b-bf4e-d2e32f5d115b",
"subject": "user:internal",
"issuer": "tyx-sample5",
"audience": "tyx-sample5",
"remote": false,
"userId": "manager",
"role": "Manager",
"issued": "2017-10-26T12:03:52.000Z",
"expires": "2017-10-26T14:03:52.000Z"
}
}
{
"requestId": "bbd02781-ba45-11e7-bdd5-7396a38f651f",
"permission": {
"service": "login",
"method": "login",
"name": "public",
"roles": {
"Public": true,
"Internal": true,
"Remote": true
}
},
"auth": {
"sessionId": "bbd02781-ba45-11e7-bdd5-7396a38f651f",
"subject": "user:public",
"issuer": "tyx-sample5",
"audience": "tyx-sample5",
"remote": false,
"userId": null,
"role": "Public",
"issued": "2017-10-26T12:03:52.464Z",
"expires": "2017-10-26T12:04:52.464Z"
}
}
@Service decoratorThis decorator is used on classes, if the name is not specified the class name used as service name.
@Service(name?: string)
@Inject decoratorThis decorator is used on class properties that should be injected by the container. It is only valid in classes decorated with @Service or @Proxy.
When resource is not provided the type name of property is used. The second argument application defaults to the application id specified when container is instantiated. When injecting a proxy it must match the value if provided in the @Proxy decorator.
@Inject(resource?: string | Function, application?: string)
@Proxy decoratorThis decorator is used on classes implementing service proxy.
It is mandatory to specify the service name. If application is not provided it defaults to application id specified when container is instantiated; it is necessary to provide this attribute if the service is part of a remote application. The functionName defaults to (service)-function but can be explicitly provided.
@Proxy(service: string, application?: string, functionName?: string)
HTTP decorators are to be used over service methods, if the class is not decorated as @Service they have no effect.
@Get decoratorDecorate the service method to respond on HTTP GET on the specified route.
@Get(route: string, adapter?: HttpAdapter)
@Post decoratorDecorate the service method to respond on HTTP POST on the specified route.
If model argument is not provided or false only one method can bind to the specified route. When true the incoming Content-Type must include parameter domain-model=(methodName) so allowing multiple methods to share the route. The model can be explicitly provided and have different value from decorated service method.
@Post(route: string, model?: boolean | string, adapter?: HttpAdapter)
@Put decoratorDecorate the service method to respond on HTTP PUT on the specified route. Argument model as in @Post.
@Put(route: string, model?: boolean | string, adapter?: HttpAdapter)
@Delete decoratorDecorate the service method to respond on HTTP POST on the specified route. Argument model as in @Post.
@Delete(route: string, model?: boolean | string, adapter?: HttpAdapter)
@Patch decoratorDecorate the service method to respond on HTTP PATCH on the specified route. Argument model as in @Post.
@Patch(route: string, model?: boolean | string, adapter?: HttpAdapter)
@ContentType decoratorOverride the default content type application/json for the response.
@ContentType(type: string)
Special type HttpResponse allows the method to provide a complete response corresponding to the following interface:
interface HttpResponse {
statusCode: HttpCode;
contentType?: string;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
body: any;
}
HttpAdapter functionIt is preferred to use [7. Method Argument Decorators] however a custom function can be provided to convert the context and request objects to method arguments. When a HttpAdapter is provided argument decorators are not evaluated.
interface HttpAdapter {
(
next: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any>,
ctx?: Context,
req?: HttpRequest,
path?: Record<string, string>,
query?: Record<string, string>
): Promise<any>;
}
@Put("/product/{id}", true)
public async startProduction(
@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string,
@ContextParam("auth.role") role: string,
@PathParam("id") productId: string,
@Body() order: any): Promise<Confirmation> {
}
HttpAdapter@Put("/product/{id}", true, (next, ctx, req, path) => next(
ctx.auth.userId,
ctx.auth.role,
path.id,
req.json
))
public async startProduction(
userId: string,
role: string,
productId: string,
order: any): Promise<Confirmation> {
}
@PathParam decoratorUse @PathParam decorator to inject path parameters in service methods:
@Get("/notes/{id}")
getOne(@PathParam("id") id: string) { ... }
@PathParams decoratorUse @PathParams decorator to inject record of all path parameters in service methods:
@Get("/root/{p1}/{p2}/{p3}")
action(@PathParams() params: Record<string, string>) { ... }
@QueryParam decoratorTo inject query parameters, use @QueryParam decorator:
@Get("/notes")
getNotes(@QueryParam("limit") limit: number) { ... }
@QueryParams decoratorUse @QueryParams decorator to inject record of all query parameters in service methods:
@Get("/notes")
getNotes(@QueryParams() query: Record<string, string>) { ... }
@HeaderParam decoratorTo inject request header parameter, use @HeaderParam decorator:
@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@HeaderParam("host") originHost: string, @Body() note: Note) { ... }
@Body decoratorTo inject request body, use @Body decorator:
@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@Body() note: Note) { ... }
The decorator does not support class transformation, interfaces can be used as arguments types.
@BodyParam decoratorTo inject request body parameter, use @BodyParam decorator:
@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@BodyParam("name") noteName: string, @BodyParam("note.text") text: string) { ... }
The parameter may be given as dot separated path, it will evaluate to null or undefined if last token can not be reached.
@ContextObject decoratorTo inject directly the Context object, use @ContextObject decorator:
@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@ContextObject() context: Context, @Body() note: Note) { ... }
@ContextParam decorator@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@ContextParam("auth.userId") userId: string, @Body() note: Note) { ... }
The parameter may be given as dot separated path, it will evaluate to null or undefined if last token can not be reached.
@RequestObject decoratorTo inject directly the Request object, use @ContextObject decorator:
@Post("/notes")
saveNote(@RequstObject() req: HttpRequest) { ... }
Authorization decorators allow access control at service method level. At most one of the decorators should be specified, when none is present the method is not available to process any events.
@Public decoratorAllow public access to the service method via HTTP decorated routes.
@Public()
@Private decoratorService method is only allowed to be called within the container. HTTP decorators should not be used in combination.
@Private()
@Internal decoratorProxy calls allowed only from services from the same application. HTTP decorators should not be used in combination.
@Internal()
@Remote decoratorRemote proxy calls allowed from services of other applications. HTTP decorators should not be used in combination.
@Remote()
@Query decoratorMethod allowed only to specified roles. This decorator should used on methods retrieving data, in combination with HTTP decorators.
@Query<R extends Roles>(roles: R)
@Command decoratorMethod allowed only to specified roles. This decorator should used on methods manipulating data or having other side effects, in combination with HTTP decorators.
@Command<R extends Roles>(roles: R)
@Invoke decoratorMethod allowed only to specified roles. Use this decorator in cases when the user action fulfilled by the service method is neither query or command.
@Invoke<R extends Roles>(roles: R)
The Roles interface defines the built-in reserved roles. When using @Query, @Command and @Invoke the reserved roles should not be explicitly specified, by default they are set as Public: false, Internal: true, Remote: true.
export interface Roles {
Public?: boolean;
Internal?: boolean;
Remote?: boolean;
Application?: never;
[role: string]: boolean;
}
Services can implement the provided interface to provide implementation of life-cycle handlers activate and release as well as the logger instance. Before a service method corresponding to the Lambda triggering event is executed all services registered in the container that provide implementation of activate are invoked to prepare for event processing. At this point the service can initialize any resources or connections. After completion of the event processing release is called so services can dispose or close any resources or connections that were initialized in activate or in business logic of the service methods (lazy initialization). The service public API and implementation must not provide methods or properties with these names for other purposes.
interface Service {
log?: Logger;
activate?(ctx?: Context): Promise<void>;
release?(ctx?: Context): Promise<void>;
}
BaseService class is provided that initialize the logger in its constructor.
The is a Proxy interface that simply extends Service without additional behavior. Implementation of proxies is supported by two classes, BaseProxy and LambdaProxy.
BaseProxy is intended as internal base class in the framework.
abstract class BaseProxy implements Proxy {
public readonly log: Logger;
protected config: Configuration;
protected security: Security;
public initialize(config: Configuration, security: Security): void;
protected proxy(method: Function, params: IArguments): Promise<any>;
protected abstract token(req: RemoteRequest): Promise<string>;
protected abstract invoke(req: RemoteRequest): Promise<any>;
}
LambdaProxy is implementation over AWS SDK support for Lambda function invocation.
abstract class LambdaProxy extends BaseProxy {
private lambda;
constructor();
protected token(req: RemoteRequest): Promise<string>;
protected invoke(req: RemoteRequest): Promise<any>;
}
It is used in all of the provided examples, with following pattern:
@Proxy(ExampleApi)
export class ExampleProxy extends LambdaProxy implements ExampleApi {
public async serviceMethod(arg1: string, arg2: any): Promise<ReturnType> {
return this.proxy(this.serviceMethod, arguments);
}
}
Containers implement the following interface:
interface Container {
register(resource: Object, name?: string): this;
register(service: Service): this;
register(proxy: Proxy): this;
register(type: Function, ...args: any[]): this;
publish(service: Function, ...args: any[]): this;
publish(service: Service): this;
metadata(): ContainerMetadata;
state(): ContainerState;
prepare(): Container;
httpRequest(req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>;
remoteRequest(req: RemoteRequest): Promise<any>;
eventRequest(req: EventRequest): Promise<EventResult>;
}
ContainerPool is the base class for exposed container implementations LambdaContainer and ExpressContainer:
class ContainerPool implements Container {
// Only the additional members given
protected log: Logger;
constructor(application: string, name?: string);
public config(): Configuration;
public security(): Security;
public dispose(): void;
}
LambdaContainer provides only an additional method to export the Lambda handler function:
class LambdaContainer extends ContainerPool {
constructor(applicationId: string);
public export(): LambdaHandler;
}
ExpressContainer provides additional methods to start and stop the Express server; default port is 5000.
class ExpressContainer extends ContainerPool {
constructor(application: string, basePath?: string);
start(port?: number): Server;
stop(): void;
}
The Configuration interface and the provided BaseConfiguration represent the built-in configuration service.
interface Configuration {
appId: string;
stage: string;
logLevel: LogLevel;
resources: Record<string, string>;
aliases: Record<string, string>;
httpSecret: string;
httpTimeout: string;
internalSecret: string;
internalTimeout: string;
remoteTimeout: string;
remoteSecret(appId: string): string;
remoteStage(appId: string): string;
}
abstract class BaseConfiguration implements Configuration {
protected config: Record<string, any>;
constructor(config?: Record<string, any>);
public init(appId: string): void;
public readonly appId: string;
public readonly stage: string;
public readonly logLevel: LogLevel;
public readonly aliases: Record<string, string>;
public readonly resources: Record<string, string>;
public readonly httpSecret: string;
public readonly httpTimeout: string;
public readonly internalSecret: string;
public readonly internalTimeout: string;
public readonly remoteTimeout: string;
public remoteSecret(appId: string): string;
public remoteStage(appId: string): string;
}
The Security interface and the provided BaseSecurity implement the TyX token based authorization.
interface Security extends Service {
httpAuth(req: HttpRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
remoteAuth(req: RemoteRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
eventAuth(req: EventRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
issueToken(req: IssueRequest): string;
}
abstract class BaseSecurity implements Security {
public readonly log: Logger;
protected abstract config: Configuration;
public httpAuth(req: HttpRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
public remoteAuth(req: RemoteRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
public eventAuth(req: EventRequest, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
public issueToken(req: IssueRequest): string;
protected verify(requestId: string, token: string, permission: PermissionMetadata): Promise<Context>;
protected secret(subject: string, issuer: string, audience: string): string;
protected timeout(subject: string, issuer: string, audience: string): string;
}
The Logger interface in TyX is currently implemented to emit to console, in the future it is to be extended to use provided log writers as registered service.
BaseService creates a logger instance with logName being the service name and emitter the class name; these are part of the log lines emitted to console. When the service is implemented as multiple classes or scripts emitter is to identify where the log entries originate from.
enum LogLevel {
ALL = 0,
TRACE = 0,
DEBUG = 1,
INFO = 2,
WARN = 3,
ERROR = 4,
FATAL = 5,
OFF = 6,
}
namespace LogLevel {
function bellow(level: LogLevel): boolean;
function set(level: LogLevel): void;
}
interface Logger {
todo(message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
fatal(message: any, ...args: any[]): any;
error(message: any, ...args: any[]): any;
info(message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
warn(message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
debug(message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
trace(message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
time(): [number, number];
timeEnd(start: [number, number], message: any, ...args: any[]): void;
}
namespace Logger {
const sys: Logger;
function get(logName: string, emitter?: any): Logger;
}
TODO: Logger example
See example 2.6. Express service.
abstract class ExpressService extends BaseService {
protected process(ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): Promise<HttpResponse>;
protected abstract setup(app: Express, ctx: Context, req: HttpRequest): void;
public release(): Promise<void>;
}
FAQs
TyX Core Framework, Serverless back-end in TypeScript for AWS Lambda
The npm package tyx receives a total of 170 weekly downloads. As such, tyx popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that tyx demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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