unplugin-vue-router

What is unplugin-vue-router?

unplugin-vue-router is a plugin for Vue.js that provides enhanced routing capabilities. It simplifies the process of defining and managing routes in a Vue.js application, offering features like automatic route generation, route guards, and more.

What are unplugin-vue-router's main functionalities?

Automatic Route Generation

This feature allows you to automatically generate routes based on the file structure of your project. It simplifies the process of setting up routes by eliminating the need to manually define each route.

```javascript
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router';
import routes from 'virtual:generated-pages';

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  routes,
});

export default router;
```

Route Guards

Route guards are used to protect certain routes based on conditions such as authentication status. This feature allows you to define global or per-route guards to control access to different parts of your application.

```javascript
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !isAuthenticated()) {
    next({ name: 'login' });
  } else {
    next();
  }
});
```

Dynamic Routing

Dynamic routing allows you to define routes with dynamic segments, such as user IDs. This feature is useful for creating routes that depend on variable parameters.

```javascript
const routes = [
  { path: '/user/:id', component: UserComponent }
];

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  routes,
});
```

Other packages similar to unplugin-vue-router

vue-router

vue-router is the official router for Vue.js. It provides a comprehensive set of features for routing in Vue.js applications, including nested routes, route guards, and dynamic routing. Compared to unplugin-vue-router, vue-router requires more manual setup for route definitions but offers a high level of customization.

vite-plugin-pages

vite-plugin-pages is a Vite plugin that automatically generates routes based on the file structure of your project. It is similar to unplugin-vue-router in that it simplifies route management, but it is specifically designed to work with Vite, a build tool that is often used with Vue.js.

README

unplugin-vue-router

Automatic file based Routing in Vue with TS support ✨

This build-time plugin simplifies your routing setup and makes it safer and easier to use thanks to TypeScript. Requires Vue Router at least 4.1.0.

⚠️ This package is still experimental. If you found any issue, design flaw, or have ideas to improve it, please, open an issue or a Discussion.

Install

npm i -D unplugin-vue-router

Add VueRouter plugin before Vue plugin:

Vite

// vite.config.ts
import VueRouter from 'unplugin-vue-router/vite'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    VueRouter({
      /* options */
    }),
    // ⚠️ Vue must be placed after VueRouter()
    Vue(),
  ],
})

Example: playground/

Rollup

// rollup.config.js
import VueRouter from 'unplugin-vue-router/rollup'

export default {
  plugins: [
    VueRouter({
      /* options */
    }),
    // ⚠️ Vue must be placed after VueRouter()
    Vue(),
  ],
}

Webpack

// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
  /* ... */
  plugins: [
    require('unplugin-vue-router/webpack')({
      /* options */
    }),
  ],
}

Vue CLI

// vue.config.js
module.exports = {
  configureWebpack: {
    plugins: [
      require('unplugin-vue-router/webpack')({
        /* options */
      }),
    ],
  },
}

esbuild

// esbuild.config.js
import { build } from 'esbuild'
import VueRouter from 'unplugin-vue-router/esbuild'

build({
  plugins: [VueRouter()],
})

Setup

After installing, you should run your dev server (usually npm run dev) to generate the first version of the types. Then, you should replace your imports from vue-router to vue-router/auto:

-import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
+import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router/auto'

createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  // You don't need to pass the routes anymore,
  // the plugin writes it for you 🤖
})

Note You can exclude vue-router from VSCode import suggestions by adding this setting to your .vscode/settings.json:

{
  "typescript.preferences.autoImportFileExcludePatterns": [
    "vue-router"
  ]
}

This will ensure VSCode only suggests vue-router/auto for imports. Alternatively, you can also configure auto imports.

Alternatively, you can also import the routes array and create the router manually or pass it to some plugin. Here is an example with Vitesse starter:

 import { ViteSSG } from 'vite-ssg'
 import { setupLayouts } from 'virtual:generated-layouts'
 import App from './App.vue'
 import type { UserModule } from './types'
-import generatedRoutes from '~pages'
+import { routes } from 'vue-router/auto/routes'

 import '@unocss/reset/tailwind.css'
 import './styles/main.css'
 import 'uno.css'

-const routes = setupLayouts(generatedRoutes)

 // https://github.com/antfu/vite-ssg
 export const createApp = ViteSSG(
   App,
   {
-   routes,
+   routes: setupLayouts(routes),
    base: import.meta.env.BASE_URL
  },
   (ctx) => {
     // install all modules under `modules/`
     Object.values(import.meta.glob<{ install: UserModule }>('./modules/*.ts', { eager: true }))
       .forEach(i => i.install?.(ctx))
   },
 )

Auto Imports

If you are using unplugin-auto-import, make sure to remove the vue-router preset and use the one exported by unplugin-vue-router:

 import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
 import AutoImport from 'unplugin-auto-import/vite'
+import { VueRouterAutoImports } from 'unplugin-vue-router'

 export default defineConfig({
   plugins: [
     // other plugins
     AutoImport({
       imports: [
-        'vue-router',
+        VueRouterAutoImports,
       ],
     }),
   ],
 })

Note that the vue-router preset might export less things than the one exported by unplugin-vue-router so you might need to add any other imports you were relying on manually:

     AutoImport({
       imports: [
-        'vue-router',
+        VueRouterAutoImports,
+        {
+           // add any other imports you were relying on
+           'vue-router/auto': ['useLink']
+        },
       ],
     }),

Make sure to also check and follow the TypeScript section below if you are using TypeScript or have a jsconfig.json file.

Configuration

Have a glimpse of all the existing configuration options with their corresponding default values:

VueRouter({
  // Folder(s) to scan for vue components and generate routes. Can be a string, or
  // an object, or an array of those.
  routesFolder: 'src/pages',

  // allowed extensions to be considered as routes
  extensions: ['.vue'],

  // list of glob files to exclude from the routes generation
  // e.g. ['**/__*'] will exclude all files and folders starting with `__`
  // e.g. ['**/__*/**/*'] will exclude all files within folders starting with `__`
  // e.g. ['*.component.vue'] will exclude components ending with `.component.vue`
  // note you can exclude patterns with a leading `!`:
  // '!__not-ignored', -> __not-ignored will still be used as a page
  exclude: [],

  // Path for the generated types. Defaults to `./typed-router.d.ts` if typescript
  // is installed. Can be disabled by passing `false`.
  dts: './typed-router.d.ts',

  // Override the name generation of routes. unplugin-vue-router exports two versions:
  // `getFileBasedRouteName()` (the default) and `getPascalCaseRouteName()`. Import any
  // of them within your `vite.config.ts` file.
  getRouteName: (routeNode) => myOwnGenerateRouteName(routeNode),

  // Customizes the default langage for `<route>` blocks
  // json5 is just a more permissive version of json
  routeBlockLang: 'json5',

  // Change the import mode of page components. Can be 'async', 'sync', or a function with the following signature:
  // (filepath: string) => 'async' | 'sync'
  importMode: 'async',
})

Routes folder structure

By default, this plugins checks the folder at src/pages for any .vue files and generates the corresponding routing structure basing itself in the file name. This way, you no longer need to maintain a routes array when adding routes to your application, instead just add the new .vue component to the routes folder and let this plugin do the rest!

Let's take a look at a simple example:

src/pages/
├── index.vue
├── about.vue
└── users/
    ├── index.vue
    └── [id].vue

This will generate the following routes:

• /: -> renders the index.vue component
• /about: -> renders the about.vue component
• /users: -> renders the users/index.vue component
• /users/:id: -> renders the users/[id].vue component. id becomes a route param.

Index Routes

Any index.vue file will generate an empty path (similar to index.html files):

• src/pages/index.vue: generates a / route
• src/pages/users/index.vue: generates a /users route

Nested Routes

Nested routes are automatically defined by defining a .vue file alongside a folder with the same name. If you create both a src/pages/users/index.vue and a src/pages/users.vue components, the src/pages/users/index.vue will be rendered within the src/pages/users.vue's <RouterView>.

In other words, given this folder structure:

src/pages/
├── users/
│   └── index.vue
└── users.vue

You will get this routes array:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/users',
    component: () => import('src/pages/users.vue'),
    children: [
      { path: '', component: () => import('src/pages/users/index.vue') },
    ],
  },
]

While omitting the src/pages/users.vue component will generate the following routes:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/users',
    // notice how there is no component here
    children: [
      { path: '', component: () => import('src/pages/users/index.vue') },
    ],
  },
]

Note the folder and file's name users/ could be any valid naming like my-[id]-param/.

Nested routes without nesting layouts

Sometimes you might want to add nesting to the URL in the form of slashes but you don't want it to impact your UI hierarchy. Consider the following folder structure:

src/pages/
├── users/
│   ├── [id].vue
│   └── index.vue
└── users.vue

If you want to add a new route /users/create you could add a new file src/pages/users/create.vue but that would nest the create.vue component within the users.vue component. To avoid this you can instead create a file src/pages/users.create.vue. The . will become a / when generating the routes:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/users',
    component: () => import('src/pages/users.vue'),
    children: [
      { path: '', component: () => import('src/pages/users/index.vue') },
      { path: ':id', component: () => import('src/pages/users/[id].vue') },
    ],
  },
  {
    path: '/users/create',
    component: () => import('src/pages/users.create.vue'),
  },
]

Named routes

All generated routes that have a component property will have a name property. This avoid accidentally directing your users to a parent route. By default, names are generated using the file path, but you can override this behavior by passing a custom getRouteName() function. You will get TypeScript validation almost everywhere, so changing this should be easy.

Dynamic Routes

You can add route params by wrapping the param name with brackets, e.g. src/pages/users/[id].vue will create a route with the following path: /users/:id. Note you can add a param in the middle in between static segments: src/pages/users_[id].vue -> /users_:id. You can even add multiple params: src/pages/product_[skuId]_[seoDescription].vue.

You can create optional params by wrapping the param name with an extra pair of brackets, e.g. src/pages/users/[[id]].vue will create a route with the following path: /users/:id?.

You can create repeatable params by adding a plus character (+) after the closing bracket, e.g. src/pages/articles/[slugs]+.vue will create a route with the following path: /articles/:slugs+.

And you can combine both to create optional repeatable params, e.g. src/pages/articles/[[slugs]]+.vue will create a route with the following path: /articles/:slugs*.

Catch all / 404 Not found route

To create a catch all route prepend 3 dots (...) to the param name, e.g. src/pages/[...path].vue will create a route with the following path: /:path(.*). This will match any route. Note this can be done inside a folder too, e.g. src/pages/articles/[...path].vue will create a route with the following path: /articles/:path(.*).

Multiple routes folders

It's possible to provide multiple routes folders by passing an array to routesFolder:

VueRouter({
  routesFolder: ['src/pages', 'src/admin/routes'],
})

You can also provide a path prefix for each of these folders, it will be used as is, and cannot start with a / but can contain any params you want or even not finish with a /:

VueRouter({
  routesFolder: [
    'src/pages',
    {
      src: 'src/admin/routes',
      // note there is always a trailing slash and never a leading one
      path: 'admin/',
      // src/admin/routes/dashboard.vue -> /admin/dashboard
    },
    {
      src: 'src/docs',
      // you can add parameters
      path: 'docs/:lang/',
      // src/docs/introduction.vue -> /docs/:lang/introduction
    },
    {
      src: 'src/promos',
      // you can omit the trailing slash
      path: 'promos-',
      // src/promos/black-friday.vue -> /promos-black-friday
    },
  ],
})

Note that the provided folders must be separate and one route folder cannot contain another specified route folder. If you need further customization, give definePage() a try.

TypeScript

This plugin generates a d.ts file with all the typing overrides when the dev or build server is ran. Make sure to include it in your tsconfig.json's (or jsconfig.json's) include or files property:

{
  // ...
  "include": [/* ... */ "typed-router.d.ts"]
  // ...
}

Then, you will be able to import from vue-router/auto (instead of vue-router) to get access to the typed APIs. You can commit the typed-router.d.ts file to your repository to make your life easier.

Extra types

You can always take a look at the generated typed-router.d.ts file to inspect what are the generated types. unplugin-vue-router improves upon many of the existing types in vue-router and adds a few ones as well:

RouteNamedMap

The RouteNamedMap interface gives you access to all the metadata associated with a route. It can also be extended to enable types for dynamic routes that are added during runtime.

import type { RouteNamedMap } from 'vue-router/auto/routes'

Extending types with dynamically added routes:

declare module 'vue-router/auto/routes' {
  import type {
    RouteRecordInfo,
    ParamValue,
    // these are other param helper types
    ParamValueOneOrMore,
    ParamValueZeroOrMore,
    ParamValueZeroOrOne,
  } from 'unplugin-vue-router'
  export interface RouteNamedMap {
    // the key is the name and should match the first generic of RouteRecordInfo
    'custom-dynamic-name': RouteRecordInfo<
      'custom-dynamic-name',
      '/added-during-runtime/[...path]',
      // these are the raw param types (accept numbers, strings, booleans, etc)
      { path: ParamValue<true> },
      // these are the normalized params as found in useRoute().params
      { path: ParamValue<false> }
    >
  }
}

RouterTyped

The RouterTyped type gives you access to the typed version of the router instance. It's also the ReturnType of the useRouter() function.

import type { RouterTyped } from 'vue-router/auto'

RouteLocationResolved

The RouteLocationResolved type exposed by vue-router/auto allows passing a generic (which autocomplete) to type a route whenever checking the name doesn't makes sense because you know the type. This is useful for cases like <RouterLink v-slot="{ route }">:

<RouterLink v-slot="{ route }">
  User {{ (route as RouteLocationResolved<'/users/[id]'>).params.id }}
</RouterLink>

This type is also the return type of router.resolve().

You have the same equivalents for RouteLocation, RouteLocationNormalized, and RouteLocationNormalizedLoaded. All of them exist in vue-router but vue-router/auto override them to provide a type safe version of them. In addition to that, you can pass the name of the route as a generic:

// these are all valid
let userWithId: RouteLocationNormalizedLoaded<'/users/[id]'> = useRoute()
userWithId = useRoute<'/users/[id]'>()
// 👇 this one is the easiest to write because it autocomplete
userWithId = useRoute('/users/[id]')

Named views

It is possible to define named views by appending an @ + a name to their filename, e.g. a file named src/pages/[e-mail] will generate a route of:

{
  path: '/',
  component: {
    aux: () => import('src/pages/[e-mail]')
  }
}

Note that by default a non named route is named default and that you don't need to name your file [e-mail] even if there are other named views (e.g. having [e-mail] and index.vue is the same as having [e-mail] and [e-mail]).

Extending existing routes

definePage() in <script>

The macro definePage() allows you to define any extra properties related to the route. It is useful when you need to customize the path, the name, meta, etc

<script setup>
definePage({
  name: 'my-own-name',
  path: '/absolute-with-:param',
  alias: ['/a/:param'],
  meta: {
    custom: 'data',
  },
})
</script>

Note you cannot use variables in definePage() as its passed parameter gets extracted at build time and is removed from <script setup>. You can also use the <route> block which allows other formats like yaml.

SFC <route> custom block

The <route> custom block is a way to extend existing routes. It can be used to add new meta fields, override the path, the name, or anything else in a route. It has to be added to a .vue component inside of the routes folder. It is similar to the same feature in vite-plugin-pages to facilitate migration.

<route lang="json">
{
  "name": "name-override",
  "meta": {
    "requiresAuth": false
  }
}
</route>

Note you can specify the language to use with <route lang="yaml">. By default, the language is JSON5 (more flexible version of JSON) but yaml and JSON are also supported. This will also add Syntax Highlighting.

extendRoutes()

You can extend existing routes by passing an extendRoutes function to createRouter(). This should be used as a last resort (or until a feature is natively available here):

import { createWebHistory, createRouter } from 'vue-router/auto'

const router = createRouter({
  extendRoutes: (routes) => {
    const adminRoute = routes.find((r) => r.name === '/admin')
    if (adminRoute) {
      adminRoute.meta ??= {}
      adminRoute.meta.requiresAuth = true
    }
    // completely optional since we are modifying the routes in place
    return routes
  },
  history: createWebHistory(),
})

As this plugin evolves, this function should be used less and less and only become necessary in unique edge cases.

One example of this is using vite-plugin-vue-layouts which can only be used alongside extendRoutes():

import { createRouter } from 'vue-router/auto'
import { setupLayouts } from 'virtual:generated-layouts'

const router = createRouter({
  // ...
  extendRoutes: (routes) => setupLayouts(routes),
})

Rationale

This project idea came from trying to type the router directly using Typescript, finding out it's not fast enough to be pleasant to use and, ending up using build-based tools, taking some inspiration from other projects like:

• Nuxt - The Vue.js Framework
• vite-plugin-pages - Framework agnostic file based routing
• Typed Router for Nuxt - A module to add typed routing to Nuxt

License

MIT

Changelog

0.6.1 (2023-05-01)

Bug Fixes

• types: correct exports in new files (e9056f7)