websocket

What is websocket?

The 'websocket' npm package provides a WebSocket server and client for Node.js, allowing for real-time, bidirectional communication between a client and server over a single, long-lived connection.

What are websocket's main functionalities?

WebSocket Server

This code sets up a basic WebSocket server using the 'websocket' package. It listens for incoming WebSocket connections, accepts them, and allows for message exchange between the server and connected clients.

const WebSocketServer = require('websocket').server;
const http = require('http');

const server = http.createServer((request, response) => {
  response.writeHead(404);
  response.end();
});
server.listen(8080, () => {
  console.log('Server is listening on port 8080');
});

const wsServer = new WebSocketServer({
  httpServer: server
});

wsServer.on('request', (request) => {
  const connection = request.accept(null, request.origin);
  console.log('Connection accepted.');

  connection.on('message', (message) => {
    if (message.type === 'utf8') {
      console.log('Received Message: ' + message.utf8Data);
      connection.sendUTF('Hello from server!');
    }
  });

  connection.on('close', (reasonCode, description) => {
    console.log('Peer ' + connection.remoteAddress + ' disconnected.');
  });
});

WebSocket Client

This code demonstrates how to create a WebSocket client using the 'websocket' package. The client connects to a WebSocket server, handles connection events, and sends random numbers to the server at regular intervals.

const WebSocketClient = require('websocket').client;

const client = new WebSocketClient();

client.on('connectFailed', (error) => {
  console.log('Connect Error: ' + error.toString());
});

client.on('connect', (connection) => {
  console.log('WebSocket Client Connected');
  connection.on('error', (error) => {
    console.log('Connection Error: ' + error.toString());
  });
  connection.on('close', () => {
    console.log('Connection Closed');
  });
  connection.on('message', (message) => {
    if (message.type === 'utf8') {
      console.log('Received: ' + message.utf8Data);
    }
  });

  function sendNumber() {
    if (connection.connected) {
      const number = Math.round(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF);
      connection.sendUTF(number.toString());
      setTimeout(sendNumber, 1000);
    }
  }
  sendNumber();
});

client.connect('ws://localhost:8080/', 'echo-protocol');

Other packages similar to websocket

ws

The 'ws' package is a popular WebSocket implementation for Node.js. It is known for its performance and simplicity. Compared to 'websocket', 'ws' is more lightweight and has a larger community, making it a preferred choice for many developers.

socket.io

The 'socket.io' package provides a WebSocket-like API but with additional features such as fallback to HTTP long-polling, automatic reconnection, and rooms/namespaces support. It is more feature-rich compared to 'websocket' and is suitable for applications requiring more advanced real-time communication capabilities.

README

WebSocket Client & Server Implementation for Node

Overview

This is a (mostly) pure JavaScript implementation of the WebSocket protocol versions 8 and 13 for Node. There are some example client and server applications that implement various interoperability testing protocols in the "test/scripts" folder.

Documentation

You can read the full API documentation in the docs folder.

Changelog

Current Version: 1.0.32 - Release 2020-08-28

• Refactor to use N-API modules from ws project. (Thanks, @andreek)
  • Specifically:
    • utf-8-validate
    • bufferutil
• Removed some documentation notations about very old browsers and very old Websocket protocol drafts that are no longer relevant today in 2020.
• Removed outdated notations and instructions about building native extensions, since those functions are now delegated to dependencies.
• Add automated unit test executionn via Github Actions (Thanks, @nebojsa94)
• Accept new connection close code 1015 ("TLS Handshake"). (More information at the WebSocket Close Code Number Registry)

View the full changelog

Browser Support

All current browsers are fully supported.

• Firefox 7-9 (Old) (Protocol Version 8)
• Firefox 10+ (Protocol Version 13)
• Chrome 14,15 (Old) (Protocol Version 8)
• Chrome 16+ (Protocol Version 13)
• Internet Explorer 10+ (Protocol Version 13)
• Safari 6+ (Protocol Version 13)

Benchmarks

There are some basic benchmarking sections in the Autobahn test suite. I've put up a benchmark page that shows the results from the Autobahn tests run against AutobahnServer 0.4.10, WebSocket-Node 1.0.2, WebSocket-Node 1.0.4, and ws 0.3.4.

(These benchmarks are quite a bit outdated at this point, so take them with a grain of salt. Anyone up for running new benchmarks? I'll link to your report.)

Autobahn Tests

The very complete Autobahn Test Suite is used by most WebSocket implementations to test spec compliance and interoperability.

• View Server Test Results

Installation

In your project root:

$ npm install websocket

Then in your code:

var WebSocketServer = require('websocket').server;
var WebSocketClient = require('websocket').client;
var WebSocketFrame  = require('websocket').frame;
var WebSocketRouter = require('websocket').router;
var W3CWebSocket = require('websocket').w3cwebsocket;

Current Features:

• Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
• Protocol version "8" and "13" (Draft-08 through the final RFC) framing and handshake
• Can handle/aggregate received fragmented messages
• Can fragment outgoing messages
• Router to mount multiple applications to various path and protocol combinations
• TLS supported for outbound connections via WebSocketClient
• TLS supported for server connections (use https.createServer instead of http.createServer)
  • Thanks to pors for confirming this!
• Cookie setting and parsing
• Tunable settings
  • Max Receivable Frame Size
  • Max Aggregate ReceivedMessage Size
  • Whether to fragment outgoing messages
  • Fragmentation chunk size for outgoing messages
  • Whether to automatically send ping frames for the purposes of keepalive
  • Keep-alive ping interval
  • Whether or not to automatically assemble received fragments (allows application to handle individual fragments directly)
  • How long to wait after sending a close frame for acknowledgment before closing the socket.
• W3C WebSocket API for applications running on both Node and browsers (via the W3CWebSocket class).

Known Issues/Missing Features:

• No API for user-provided protocol extensions.

Usage Examples

Server Example

Here's a short example showing a server that echos back anything sent to it, whether utf-8 or binary.

#!/usr/bin/env node
var WebSocketServer = require('websocket').server;
var http = require('http');

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response) {
    console.log((new Date()) + ' Received request for ' + request.url);
    response.writeHead(404);
    response.end();
});
server.listen(8080, function() {
    console.log((new Date()) + ' Server is listening on port 8080');
});

wsServer = new WebSocketServer({
    httpServer: server,
    // You should not use autoAcceptConnections for production
    // applications, as it defeats all standard cross-origin protection
    // facilities built into the protocol and the browser.  You should
    // *always* verify the connection's origin and decide whether or not
    // to accept it.
    autoAcceptConnections: false
});

function originIsAllowed(origin) {
  // put logic here to detect whether the specified origin is allowed.
  return true;
}

wsServer.on('request', function(request) {
    if (!originIsAllowed(request.origin)) {
      // Make sure we only accept requests from an allowed origin
      request.reject();
      console.log((new Date()) + ' Connection from origin ' + request.origin + ' rejected.');
      return;
    }
    
    var connection = request.accept('echo-protocol', request.origin);
    console.log((new Date()) + ' Connection accepted.');
    connection.on('message', function(message) {
        if (message.type === 'utf8') {
            console.log('Received Message: ' + message.utf8Data);
            connection.sendUTF(message.utf8Data);
        }
        else if (message.type === 'binary') {
            console.log('Received Binary Message of ' + message.binaryData.length + ' bytes');
            connection.sendBytes(message.binaryData);
        }
    });
    connection.on('close', function(reasonCode, description) {
        console.log((new Date()) + ' Peer ' + connection.remoteAddress + ' disconnected.');
    });
});

Client Example

This is a simple example client that will print out any utf-8 messages it receives on the console, and periodically sends a random number.

This code demonstrates a client in Node.js, not in the browser

#!/usr/bin/env node
var WebSocketClient = require('websocket').client;

var client = new WebSocketClient();

client.on('connectFailed', function(error) {
    console.log('Connect Error: ' + error.toString());
});

client.on('connect', function(connection) {
    console.log('WebSocket Client Connected');
    connection.on('error', function(error) {
        console.log("Connection Error: " + error.toString());
    });
    connection.on('close', function() {
        console.log('echo-protocol Connection Closed');
    });
    connection.on('message', function(message) {
        if (message.type === 'utf8') {
            console.log("Received: '" + message.utf8Data + "'");
        }
    });
    
    function sendNumber() {
        if (connection.connected) {
            var number = Math.round(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF);
            connection.sendUTF(number.toString());
            setTimeout(sendNumber, 1000);
        }
    }
    sendNumber();
});

client.connect('ws://localhost:8080/', 'echo-protocol');

Client Example using the W3C WebSocket API

Same example as above but using the W3C WebSocket API.

var W3CWebSocket = require('websocket').w3cwebsocket;

var client = new W3CWebSocket('ws://localhost:8080/', 'echo-protocol');

client.onerror = function() {
    console.log('Connection Error');
};

client.onopen = function() {
    console.log('WebSocket Client Connected');

    function sendNumber() {
        if (client.readyState === client.OPEN) {
            var number = Math.round(Math.random() * 0xFFFFFF);
            client.send(number.toString());
            setTimeout(sendNumber, 1000);
        }
    }
    sendNumber();
};

client.onclose = function() {
    console.log('echo-protocol Client Closed');
};

client.onmessage = function(e) {
    if (typeof e.data === 'string') {
        console.log("Received: '" + e.data + "'");
    }
};

Request Router Example

For an example of using the request router, see libwebsockets-test-server.js in the test folder.

Resources

A presentation on the state of the WebSockets protocol that I gave on July 23, 2011 at the LA Hacker News meetup. WebSockets: The Real-Time Web, Delivered