dogslow

======================================= Dogslow -- Django Slow Request Watchdog

Overview

Dogslow is a Django watchdog middleware class that logs tracebacks of slow requests.

It started as an internal project inside Bitbucket_ to help trace operational problems.

.. _internal project inside Bitbucket: http://blog.bitbucket.org/2011/05/17/tracking-slow-requests-with-dogslow/

Installation

Install dogslow::

$ pip install dogslow

Then add dogslow.WatchdogMiddleware to your list of middleware classes in your Django settings.py file::

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'dogslow.WatchdogMiddleware',
    ...
)

It can also be used as a Django 2.0-style middleware function::

MIDDLEWARE = (
    'dogslow.WatchdogMiddleware',
    ...
)

For best results, make it one of the first middlewares that is run.

Configuration

You can use the following configuration properties in your settings.py file to tune the watchdog::

# Watchdog is enabled by default, to temporarily disable, set to False:
DOGSLOW = True

# By default, Watchdog will create log files with the backtraces.
# You can also set the location of where it stores them:
DOGSLOW_LOG_TO_FILE = True
DOGSLOW_OUTPUT = '/tmp'

# Log requests taking longer than 25 seconds:
DOGSLOW_TIMER = 25

# When both specified, emails backtraces:
# (DOGSLOW_EMAIL_TO can also be a list of addresses)
DOGSLOW_EMAIL_TO = '[e-mail]'
DOGSLOW_EMAIL_FROM = '[e-mail]'

# Also log to this logger (defaults to none):
DOGSLOW_LOGGER = 'syslog_logger'
DOGSLOW_LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'

# Tuple of url pattern names that should not be monitored:
# (defaults to none -- everything monitored)
# Note: this option is not compatible with Django < 1.3
DOGSLOW_IGNORE_URLS = ('some_view', 'other_view')

# Print (potentially huge!) local stack variables (off by default, use
# True for more detailed, but less manageable reports)
DOGSLOW_STACK_VARS = True

Usage

Every incoming HTTP request gets a 25 second timeout in the watchdog. If a request does not return within that time, the watchdog activates and takes a peek at the request thread's stack and writes the backtrace (including all local stack variables -- Django style) to a log file.

Each slow request is logged in a separate file that looks like this::

Undead request intercepted at: 16-05-2011 02:10:12 UTC

GET http://localhost:8000/?delay=2
Thread ID:  140539485042432
Process ID: 18010
Started:    16-05-2011 02:10:10 UTC

  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
    run(self.addr, int(self.port), handler, ipv6=self.use_ipv6)
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 696, in run
    httpd.serve_forever()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py", line 227, in serve_forever
    self._handle_request_noblock()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py", line 284, in _handle_request_noblock
    self.process_request(request, client_address)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py", line 310, in process_request
    self.finish_request(request, client_address)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py", line 323, in finish_request
    self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 570, in __init__
    BaseHTTPRequestHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/SocketServer.py", line 639, in __init__
    self.handle()
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 615, in handle
    handler.run(self.server.get_app())
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/servers/basehttp.py", line 283, in run
    self.result = application(self.environ, self.start_response)
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/handlers.py", line 68, in __call__
    return self.application(environ, start_response)
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 273, in __call__
    response = self.get_response(request)
  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 111, in get_response
    response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/home/erik/work/middleware/middleware/sleep/views.py", line 6, in sleep
    time.sleep(float(request.GET.get('delay', 1)))

Full backtrace with local variables:

  File "/home/erik/work/virtualenv/bit/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 107, in inner_run
    run(self.addr, int(self.port), handler, ipv6=self.use_ipv6)

  ...loads more...

The example above shows that the request thread was blocked in time.sleep() at the time dogslow took its snapshot.

Requests that return before dogslow's timeout expires do not get logged.

Note that dogslow only takes a peek at the thread's stack. It does not interrupt the request, or influence it in any other way. Using dogslow is therefore safe to use in production.

Sentry Integration

Dogslow natively integrates with Sentry. You can set it up by configuring Dogslow to use DOGSLOW_LOGGER and DOGSLOW_LOG_TO_SENTRY and by configuring Raven_ to collect Dogslow's reports. ::

DOGSLOW_LOGGER = 'dogslow' # can be anything, but must match `logger` below
DOGSLOW_LOG_TO_SENTRY = True

DOGSLOW_LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING' # optional, defaults to 'WARNING'

# Add a new sentry handler to handle WARNINGs. It's not recommended to
# modify the existing sentry handler, as you'll probably start seeing
# other warnings unnecessarily sent to Sentry.
LOGGING = {
    ...
    'handlers': {
        ...
        'dogslow': {
            'level': 'WARNING',
            'class': 'raven.contrib.django.handlers.SentryHandler',
        }
        ...
    }
    'loggers': {
        ...
        'dogslow': {
            'level': 'WARNING',
            'handlers': ['dogslow'], # or whatever you named your handler
        }
        ...
    }
    ...
}

.. _configuring Raven: http://raven.readthedocs.org/en/latest/config/django.html#integration-with-logging

Caveats

Dogslow uses multithreading. It has a single background thread that handles the watchdog timeouts and takes the tracebacks, so that the original request threads are not interrupted. This has some consequences.

Multithreading and the GIL

In CPython, the GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) prevents multiple threads from
executing Python code simultaneously. Only when a thread explicitly releases
its lock on the GIL, can a second thread run.

Releasing the GIL is done automatically whenever a Python program makes
blocking calls outside of the interpreter, for example when doing IO.

For ``dogslow`` this means that it can only reliably intercept requests that
are slow because they are doing IO, calling sleep or busy waiting to acquire
locks themselves.

In most cases this is fine. An important cause of slow Django requests is an
expensive database query. Since this is IO, ``dogslow`` can intercept those
fine. A scenario where CPython's GIL is problematic is when the request's
thread hits an infinite loop in Python code (or legitimate Python that is
extremely expensive and takes a long time to execute), never releasing the
GIL. Even though ``dogslow``'s watchdog timer thread does become runnable, it
cannot log the stack.


Co-routines and Greenlets
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

``Dogslow`` is intended for use in a synchronous worker configuration. A
webserver that uses dedicated threads (or single-threaded, dedicated worker
processes) to serve requests. Django's built-in wsgi server does this, as
does ``Gunicorn`` in its default sync-worker mode.

When running with a "co-routines framework" where multiple requests are served
concurrently by one thread, backtraces might become nonsensical.