pyonepassword

PYONEPASSWORD

Description

A Python API to sign into and query a 1Password account using the op command.

Requirements

• Python >= 3.10
• 1Password command-line tool >= 2.26.0
  • Versions >= 2.21.0, < 2.26.0 supported but deprecated
  • Versions < 2.21.0 are unsupported and an exception will be raised
  • See 1Password Developer Documentation
• Internet connectivity to 1Password.com
  • The op command queries your online account, not your local vault

Notes:

• Generally pyonepassword will support up to 5 patch versions, including the current. E.g., 2.{24-28}.0. Five additional patch versions, e.g., 2.{19-23}.0, will be considered deprecated.
• This version of pyonepassword does not support deprecated op 1.x versions. Support for those versions is still available, albeit with minimal maintanence. See pyonepassword-legacy for more information.

Installation

python3 -m pip install pyonepassword

Overview

pyonepassword essentially has two parts:

1. Convenience Python classes for the various objects that the op command returns
2. A full-fledged API for querying a 1Password account

If you already have a workflow to drive the op command, handle authentication, and so forth, but would benefit from an API that can ingest op's JSON and give you Python objects, you're in luck, number one might be just what you need.

On the other hand, if you're using op manually (maybe along side jq), or in shell scripts (or maybe not at all), and you'd like a full-service Python API rather than console commands, number two does that.

We'll get into some examples below for both of these.

Example Usage

Object API

pyonepassword provides Python classes for many of the objects op returns, including:

• Several "item" types (login, password, secure note, etc)
• User
• User List (e.g., from 'op user list')
• Group
• Group List
• Vault
• Vault List
• Account
• Account List

All of these classes provide assorted convenience properties. For example obj.created_at returns a proper Python datetime object.

All of the object types are fundamentally dictionaries, so their data can be accessed as such, and they can be serialized back to JSON.

Also, all classes can be instantiated from either directly from a JSON string, or from an unserialized object.

Take the following Login item as an example:

{
  "id": "4smjvvepfbg3hencrmo7cozphe",
  "title": "Example Login",
  "version": 2,
  "vault": {
    "id": "yhdg6ovhkjcfhn3u25cp2bnl6e"
  },
  "category": "LOGIN",
  "last_edited_by": "RAXCWKNRRNGL7I3KSZOH5ERLHI",
  "created_at": "2021-06-29T18:42:03Z",
  "updated_at": "2022-03-17T03:40:49Z",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "linked items",
      "label": "Related Items"
    }
  ],
  "fields": [
    {
      "id": "password",
      "type": "CONCEALED",
      "purpose": "PASSWORD",
      "label": "password",
      "value": "doth-parrot-hid-tussock-veldt",
      "password_details": {
        "strength": "FANTASTIC"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "username",
      "type": "STRING",
      "purpose": "USERNAME",
      "label": "username",
      "value": "zcutlip"
    },
    {
      "id": "notesPlain",
      "type": "STRING",
      "purpose": "NOTES",
      "label": "notesPlain"
    }
  ],
  "urls": [
    {
      "href": "http://example2.website"
    },
    {
      "primary": true,
      "href": "https://example.website"
    }
  ]
}

In just a line of Python, you can create an OPLoginItem object:

from pyonepassword.api.object_types import OPLoginItem

login_item = OPLoginItem(login_item_json)


print(login_item.username)
print(login_item.password)
print(login_item.primary_url.href)

# login_item is also a dictionary:
print(login_item["username"] == login_item.username)

Example usage of the OP class

If you want to fully automate connecting to and querying a 1Password account, that's what the OP class is for. It handles authentication (except for initial sign-in). And provides methods that are congruent to many of the op CLI tool's subcommands, such as:

• item_get()
• item_list()
• user_get()
• user_list()...

... and so forth.

All of these methods return objects types as described above. Also, item_get() returns the appropriate object type for the item, such as OPLoginItem or OPSecureNoteItem, as long as pyonepassword has a class for the returned item type.

Note: In some cases the op command may return items that don't conform to the expected structure. When this happens, the item dictionary will fail to validate, an exception will be raised. There is API for relaxing item validation, globally, on a per-class basis, or a per-item basis. See item-validation.md for more information.

Sign-in and item retrieval

Below is an example demonstrating:

• Sign-in
• Specifying a default vault for queries
• Retrieving an item from 1Password by name or by UUID
• Overriding the default vault to retrieve a subsequent item from 1Password

import getpass

from pyonepassword import OP
from pyonepassword.api.exceptions import (
    OPSigninException,
    OPItemGetException,
    OPNotFoundException,
    OPConfigNotFoundException
)



# See examples/example-sign-in.py for more sign-in examples
def do_signin():
    # Let's check If biometric is enabled
    # If so, no need to provide a password
    if OP.uses_biometric():
        try:
            # no need to provide any authentication parameters if biometric is enabled
            op = OP()
        except OPAuthenticationException:
            print("Uh oh! Sign-in failed")
            exit(-1)
    else:
        # prompt user for a password (or get it some other way)
        my_password = getpass.getpass(prompt="1Password master password:\n")
        # You may optionally provide an account shorthand if you used a custom one during initial sign-in
        # shorthand = "arbitrary_account_shorthand"
        # return OP(account_shorthand=shorthand, password=my_password)
        # Or we'll try to look up account shorthand from your latest sign-in in op's config file
        op = OP(password=my_password)
    return op


def main():
  	op = do_signin()
    item_password = op.item_get_password("Example Login")

    # We can also look up the item by its UUID
    # as well as retrieve from an alternate vault
    item_password = op.item_get_password(
      "ykhsbhhv2vf6hn2u4qwblfrmg4", vault="Private")

Document retrieval

Below is an example demonstrating:

• Retrieving a document and its file name from 1Password, based on item name
• Retrieving a document & file name from 1Password, based on UUID

op = do_signin()
# File name and document title in 1Password are often different.
# so we get back the file name, and the bytes object representing the document
file_name, document_bytes = op.document_get("Example Login - 1Password Logo")

# we can also look up the document by UUID
file_name, document_bytes = op.document_get(
    "bmxpvuthureo7e52uqmvqcr4dy")
open(file_name, "wb").write(document_bytes)

Signing out of 1Password

Below is an example demonstrating:

• Signing in, then signing out of 1Password
• Signing out and also forgetting a 1Password account

Note: Currently pyonepassword's sign-out & forget support requires a signed-in session. It is not yet possible to forget an arbitrary account.

def main():
	  op = do_signin()

    # do signout
    op.signout()

    try:
		    print(op.item_get_password("Example Login"))
     except OPItemGetException:
      	# lookup fails since we signed out
        pass

    # now let's sign in again, then signout with forget=True
    op = do_signin()
    op.signout(forget=True)

    try:
        do_signin()
    except OPSigninException:
				# Sign-in fails since we erased the initial sign-in with forget=True
				pass

Getting Details for a User

op = OP(password=my_password)

# User's name:
user: OPUser = op.user_get("Firstname Lastname")

# or the user's UUID
user: OPUser = op.user_get(user_uuid)

Getting Details for a Group

op = OP(password=my_password)

# Group name:
group: OPGroup = op.group_get("Team Members")

# or the group's UUID
group: OPGroup = op.group_get("yhdg6ovhkjcfhn3u25cp2bnl6e")

Getting Details for a Vault

op = OP(password=my_password)

# Group name:
vault: OPVault = op.vault_get("Test Data")

# or the group's UUID
vault: OPVault = op.vault_get("yhdg6ovhkjcfhn3u25cp2bnl6e")

Extending Item Types

If any of the item types (login, password, etc.) are missing or don't provide sufficient properties or methods, it's very easy to add new ones or extend existing ones.

Here's an example extending OPLoginItem.

from pyonepassword import OP
from pyonepassword.api.decorators import op_register_item_type
from pyonepassword.api.object_types import OPLoginItem

@op_register_item_type
class OPEnhancedLoginItem(OPLoginItem):

    @property
    def custom_property(self):
      return self["custom_field"]


op = OP()
enhanced_login = op.item_get("Example Login", vault="Test Data")

print(enhanced_login.custom_property)

Item Deletion

from pyonepassword import OP  # noqa: E402
from pyonepassword.api.exceptions import OPItemDeleteException  # noqa: E402


def main():
    op: OP()
    try:
        # op.item_delete() can take any identifier accepted by the 'op' command:
        # Usage:  op item delete [{ <itemName> | <itemID> | <shareLink> | - }] [flags]
        deleted_uuid = op.item_delete("Example Login")  # noqa: F841
        # if desired inspect resulting UUID to ensure it's what was
        # Expected
    except OPItemDeleteException as ope:
        # 'op' command can fail for a few reaons, including
        # - item not found
        # - duplicate item names
        # Inspect the error message from the command
        print(ope.err_output)

Item Sharing

To generate a URL for sharing an item, use the OP.item_share() method. This is congruent to the op item share subcommand.

NOTE: There is no way to revoke a share URL via pyonepassword or the op CLI command. It can be revoked in the 1Password application.

NOTE: The emails= kwarg may be omitted or be an empty list. In this case the share URL returned will not be restricted. Anyone who has the URL may view the shared item.

Some of the parameters passed to item_share() are not validated by pyonepassword, but are validated by the op command. These include the expiration and email addresses.

Additionally, the email addresses may be a list of email address strings or a string object for one single email address.

from pyonepassword import OP  # noqa: E402
from pyonepassword.api.exceptions import OPItemShareException  # noqa: E402


def main():
    op: OP = do_signin()
    try:
        # op.item_share() can take any identifier accepted by the 'op' command:
        # Usage:  op item share { <itemName> | <itemID> }
        share_url = op.item_share("Example Login Item 22", ["[e-mail]", "[e-mail]"], expires_in="2d")
        print(share_url)
    except OPItemShareException as ope:
        # 'op' command can fail for a few reaons, including
        # - item not found
        # - duplicate item names
        # - malformed emails or expiration duration
        # Inspect the error message from the command
        print(ope.err_output)

Item Creation

For details on creating new items in a 1Password vault, see item-creation.md

Also see the examples in examples/item_creation

Item Editing

For details on editing existing items in a 1Password vault, see item-editing.md

Also see the examples in examples/item_editing

Document Editing

For details on editing existing document item file contents, see document-editing.md

See examples in examples/document_editing

User Editing

User editing is supported via the OP.user_edit() method. It supports toggling travel mode on and off, as well as setting a new user name. Only one user at a time may be edited via this method.

See examples in examples/user_editing

More Examples

Lots more examples are available in the examples directory