ZHA Device Handlers are custom quirks implementations for Zigpy, the library that provides the Zigbee support for the ZHA component in Home Assistant.
ZHA device handlers bridge the functionality gap created when manufacturers deviate from the ZCL specification, handling deviations and exceptions by parsing custom messages to and from Zigbee devices. Zigbee devices that deviate from or do not fully conform to the standard specifications set by the Zigbee Alliance may require the development of custom ZHA Device Handlers (ZHA custom quirks handler implementation) to for all their functions to work properly with the ZHA component in Home Assistant.
Custom quirks implementations for zigpy implemented as ZHA Device Handlers are a similar concept to that of Hub-connected Device Handlers for the SmartThings Classics platform as well that of Zigbee-Herdsman Converters (formerly Zigbee-Shepherd Converters) as used by Zigbee2mqtt, meaning they are virtual representation of a physical device that expose additional functionality that is not provided out-of-the-box by the existing integration between these platforms. See Device Specifics for details.
ZHA device handlers and its provided Quirks allow Zigpy, ZHA and Home Assistant to work with non-standard Zigbee devices. If you are reading this you may have a device that isn't working as expected. This can be the case for a number of reasons but in this guide we will cover the cases where functionality is provided by a device in a non specification compliant manner by the device manufacturer.
Reference official Zigbee specification documentation from Connectivity Standards Alliance (a.k.a. "CSA-IOT", formerly "Zigbee Alliance"):
Additionally, see these third-party and manufacturer specific documents:
A device is a physical object that you want to join to a Zigbee network: a light bulb, a switch, a sensor etc. The host application, in this case Zigpy, needs to understand how to interact with the device so there are standards that define how the application and devices can communicate. The device's functionality is described by several descriptors while the device itself contains endpoints and endpoints contain clusters. There are two types of clusters an endpoint contains:
on_off server cluster. in_clusters are also the ones which also send attribute reports and/or you can read an attribute from an in_cluster.on_off client cluster and will generate cluster commands and send those to some other device.
Zigpy needs to understand all these elements in order to correctly work with the device.Endpoints are essentially groupings of functionality. For example, a typical Zigbee light bulb will have a single endpoint for the light. A multi-gang wall switch may have an endpoint for each individual switch, so they can all be controlled separately. Each endpoint has several functions represented by clusters.
Clusters are objects that contain the information (attributes and commands) for individual functions. There is the ability to turn the switch on and off, maybe there is energy monitoring, maybe there is the ability to add each switch to an individual group or a scene, etc. Each of these functions belong to a cluster.
For the purposes of Zigpy and Quirks we will focus on two descriptors: Node Descriptor and Simple Descriptor.
A node descriptor explains some basic device attributes to Zigpy. The manufacturer code and the power type are the ones that we generally care about. In most cases you won't have to worry about this, but it is good to know why it is there in case you come across it while looking at an existing quirk. Here is an example:
<Optional byte1=2 byte2=64 mac_capability_flags=128 manufacturer_code=4174 maximum_buffer_size=82 maximum_incoming_transfer_size=82 server_mask=0 maximum_outgoing_transfer_size=82 descriptor_capability_field=0>
A simple descriptor is a description of a Zigbee device endpoint and is responsible for explaining the endpoint's functionality. It contains a profile id, the device type, and collections of clusters. The profile id tells the application what set of Zigbee rules to use. The most common profile will be 260 (0x0104) for the Home Automation profile. The device type tells the application what logical type of device this is ex: on off light, color light, etc. The clusters explain to the application what types of functionality exist on the endpoint. Here is an example:
<SimpleDescriptor endpoint=1 profile=260 device_type=1026 device_version=0 input_clusters=[0, 1, 3, 32, 1026, 1280, 2821] output_clusters=[25]>
In human terms you can think of a quirk like Google Translate. I know it's a weird comparison but let's dig in a bit. You may only speak one language but there is an interesting article written in another language that you really want to read. Google Translate takes the original article and displays it in a format (language) that you understand. A quirk is a file that translates device functionality from the format that the manufacturer chose to implement it in to a format that Zigpy and in turn ZHA understand. The main purpose of a quirk is to serve as a translator. A quirk comprises several parts:
The signature on a quirk identifies the device as the manufacturer implemented it. You can think of it as a fingerprint or the dna of the device. The signature is what we use to identify the device. If any part of the signature doesn't match what the device returns during discovery the quirk will not match and as a result it will not be applied. The signature is made up of several parts:
models_infoendpointsModels info tells the application which devices should use this particular quirk. Endpoints are the simple descriptors that we spoke about earlier exactly as they are on the device. endpoints is a dict where the key is the id of the endpoint and the value is an object with the following properties: profile_id, device_type, input_clusters and output_clusters. Creating the signature element is generally just a job of transcribing what the device gives us. Here is an example:
signature = {
MODELS_INFO: [(LUMI, "lumi.plug.maus01")],
ENDPOINTS: {
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=1 profile=260 device_type=81
# device_version=1
# input_clusters=[0, 4, 3, 6, 16, 5, 10, 1, 2, 2820]
# output_clusters=[25, 10]>
1: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.SMART_PLUG,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [
Basic.cluster_id,
PowerConfiguration.cluster_id,
DeviceTemperature.cluster_id,
Groups.cluster_id,
Identify.cluster_id,
OnOff.cluster_id,
Scenes.cluster_id,
BinaryOutput.cluster_id,
Time.cluster_id,
ElectricalMeasurement.cluster_id,
],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [Ota.cluster_id, Time.cluster_id],
},
},
}
The replacement on a quirk is what we want the device to be. Remember, we said that quirks were like Google Translate... You can think of the replacement like the output from Google Translate. The replacement dict is what will actually be used by Zigpy and ZHA to interact with the device. The structure of replacement is the same as signature with 2 key differences: models_info is generally omitted and there is an extra element skip_configuration that instructs the application to skip configuration if necessary. Some manufacturers have not implemented the specifications correctly and the devices come pre-configured and therefore the configuration calls fail (non Zigbee 3.0 Xiaomi devices for instance). Usually, you should not add skip_configuration.
Here is an example:
replacement = {
SKIP_CONFIGURATION: True,
ENDPOINTS: {
1: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.SMART_PLUG,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [
BasicCluster,
PowerConfiguration.cluster_id,
DeviceTemperature.cluster_id,
Groups.cluster_id,
Identify.cluster_id,
OnOff.cluster_id,
Scenes.cluster_id,
BinaryOutput.cluster_id,
Time.cluster_id,
ElectricalMeasurementCluster,
],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [Ota.cluster_id, Time.cluster_id],
},
},
}
Device automation triggers are essentially representations of the events that the devices fire in HA. They allow users to use actions in the UI instead of using the raw events.
Now that we got that out of the way we can focus on the task at hand: make our devices work the way they should with Zigpy and ZHA. Because the device doesn't work correctly out of the box we have to write a quirk for it. First lets look at what the quirk looks like when complete:
class Plug(XiaomiCustomDevice):
"""lumi.plug.maus01 plug."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Init."""
self.voltage_bus = Bus()
self.consumption_bus = Bus()
self.power_bus = Bus()
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
signature = {
MODELS_INFO: [(LUMI, "lumi.plug.maus01")],
ENDPOINTS: {
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=1 profile=260 device_type=81
# device_version=1
# input_clusters=[0, 4, 3, 6, 16, 5, 10, 1, 2, 2820]
# output_clusters=[25, 10]>
1: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.SMART_PLUG,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [
Basic.cluster_id,
PowerConfiguration.cluster_id,
DeviceTemperature.cluster_id,
Groups.cluster_id,
Identify.cluster_id,
OnOff.cluster_id,
Scenes.cluster_id,
BinaryOutput.cluster_id,
Time.cluster_id,
ElectricalMeasurement.cluster_id,
],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [Ota.cluster_id, Time.cluster_id],
},
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=2 profile=260 device_type=9
# device_version=1
# input_clusters=[12]
# output_clusters=[12, 4]>
2: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.MAIN_POWER_OUTLET,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=3 profile=260 device_type=83
# device_version=1
# input_clusters=[12]
# output_clusters=[12]>
3: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.METER_INTERFACE,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
},
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=100 profile=260 device_type=263
# device_version=2
# input_clusters=[15]
# output_clusters=[15, 4]>
100: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.OCCUPANCY_SENSOR,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
},
}
replacement = {
SKIP_CONFIGURATION: True,
ENDPOINTS: {
1: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.SMART_PLUG,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [
BasicCluster,
PowerConfiguration.cluster_id,
DeviceTemperature.cluster_id,
Groups.cluster_id,
Identify.cluster_id,
OnOff.cluster_id,
Scenes.cluster_id,
BinaryOutput.cluster_id,
Time.cluster_id,
ElectricalMeasurementCluster,
],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [Ota.cluster_id, Time.cluster_id],
},
2: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.MAIN_POWER_OUTLET,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInputCluster],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
3: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.METER_INTERFACE,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
},
100: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.OCCUPANCY_SENSOR,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
},
}
This quirk is for the US version of the Xiaomi plug. Xiaomi is notorious for not following the Zigbee specifications and most of their non Zigbee 3.0 devices need a quirk to function correctly. In this case we are correcting the ElectricalMeasurement cluster readings. Xiaomi decided to report the values for this cluster on the AnalogInput cluster instead. To fix this we will create a custom cluster to replace the AnalogInput and ElectricalMeasurement clusters. We will take the values that are reported on the AnalogInput cluster and publish them to the ElectricalMeasurement cluster. Doing this allows the device to work as if Xiaomi had implemented this in the first place. This is the act of translating that was mentioned in the Google Translate analogy above.
First things first. All device definitions in quirks must extend CustomDevice or a derivative of it and all clusters that you define must extend CustomCluster or a derivative of it. If you want to send messages between CustomCluster definitions as we do here you need to create channels for the communication to flow through. We do this by adding instances of Bus on our CustomDevice implementation. Bus is a utility class used specifically for this purpose and adding it to the device implementation ensures that all clusters that you define will have access to the Bus so that they can communicate with each other.
class Plug(XiaomiCustomDevice):
"""lumi.plug.maus01 plug."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Init."""
self.voltage_bus = Bus()
self.consumption_bus = Bus()
self.power_bus = Bus()
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
You can see that we have extended XiaomiCustomDevice which is a derivative of CustomDevice shared by Xiaomi devices. You can also see that we have added some instances of Bus so that we can pass messages between CustomCluster definitions. To be clear, this is not always necessary. Quirks can be used to change formats of data on an existing cluster, to add manufacturer specific attributes or commands to clusters etc. In these instances you just need to create a derivative of CustomCluster and add your logic. This is more of an advanced example to illustrate what is possible.
Here are the custom cluster definitions:
class AnalogInputCluster(CustomCluster, AnalogInput):
"""Analog input cluster, only used to relay power consumption information to ElectricalMeasurementCluster."""
cluster_id = AnalogInput.cluster_id
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Init."""
self._current_state = {}
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def _update_attribute(self, attrid, value):
super()._update_attribute(attrid, value)
if value is not None and value >= 0:
self.endpoint.device.power_bus.listener_event(POWER_REPORTED, value)
class ElectricalMeasurementCluster(LocalDataCluster, ElectricalMeasurement):
"""Electrical measurement cluster to receive reports that are sent to the basic cluster."""
cluster_id = ElectricalMeasurement.cluster_id
POWER_ID = 0x050B
VOLTAGE_ID = 0x0500
CONSUMPTION_ID = 0x0304
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Init."""
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.endpoint.device.voltage_bus.add_listener(self)
self.endpoint.device.consumption_bus.add_listener(self)
self.endpoint.device.power_bus.add_listener(self)
def power_reported(self, value):
"""Power reported."""
self._update_attribute(self.POWER_ID, value)
def voltage_reported(self, value):
"""Voltage reported."""
self._update_attribute(self.VOLTAGE_ID, value)
def consumption_reported(self, value):
"""Consumption reported."""
self._update_attribute(self.CONSUMPTION_ID, value)
In the AnalogInput cluster we override the _update_attribute method so that we can access the data that the cluster receives when the device sends a report and we send the data via an event on a bus to the ElectricalMeasurement cluster. This is the line that does the heavy lifting:
self.endpoint.device.power_bus.listener_event(POWER_REPORTED, value)
Then in the ElectricalMeasurement cluster we need to subscribe to these events and handle them. This is how we subscribe to our custom events:
self.endpoint.device.power_bus.add_listener(self)
and this method (the method name must match the event name that you publish EXACTLY):
def power_reported(self, value):
"""Power reported."""
self._update_attribute(self.POWER_ID, value)
receives the event and handles updating the attribute on the correct zigbee cluster. As you can see there really isn't much here that needs to be done to accomplish our goal.
Once we have created our CustomCluster implementations we have to tell the CustomDevice implementation to use them. We do this in the replacement dict in the quirk definition. Start by copying the signature dict and remove the models_info from it. Then we replace the cluster ids that we want to override with the names of our CustomCluster implementations that we have created. The result looks like this:
replacement = {
SKIP_CONFIGURATION: True,
ENDPOINTS: {
1: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.SMART_PLUG,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [
BasicCluster,
PowerConfiguration.cluster_id,
DeviceTemperature.cluster_id,
Groups.cluster_id,
Identify.cluster_id,
OnOff.cluster_id,
Scenes.cluster_id,
BinaryOutput.cluster_id,
Time.cluster_id,
ElectricalMeasurementCluster,
],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [Ota.cluster_id, Time.cluster_id],
},
2: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.MAIN_POWER_OUTLET,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInputCluster],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
3: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.METER_INTERFACE,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [AnalogInput.cluster_id],
},
100: {
PROFILE_ID: zha.PROFILE_ID,
DEVICE_TYPE: zha.DeviceType.OCCUPANCY_SENSOR,
INPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id],
OUTPUT_CLUSTERS: [BinaryInput.cluster_id, Groups.cluster_id],
},
You can see that we have replaced ElectricalMeasurement.cluster_id from endpoint 1 in the signature dict with the name of our cluster that we created: ElectricalMeasurementCluster and on endpoint 2 we replaced AnalogInput.cluster_id with the implementation we created for that: AnalogInputCluster. This instructs Zigpy to use these CustomCluster derivatives instead of the normal cluster definitions for these clusters and this is why this part of the quirk is called replacement.
Now lets put this all together. If you examine the device definition above you will see that we have defined our custom device, we defined the signature dict where we transcribed the SimpleDescriptor output we obtained when the device joined the network and we defined the replacement dict where we swapped the cluster ids for the culsters that we wanted to replace with the CustomCluster implementations that we created.
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Capture the SimpleDescriptor log entries for each endpoint on the device. These can be found in the HA logs after joining a device and they look like this: <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=1 profile=260 device_type=1026 device_version=0 input_clusters=[0, 1, 3, 32, 1026, 1280, 2821] output_clusters=[25]>. This information can also be obtained from the zigbee.db if you want to take the time to query the tables and reconstitute the log entry. I find it easier to just remove and rejoin the device. ZHA entity ids are stable for the most part so it shouldn't disrupt anything you have configured. These need to match what the device reports EXACTLY or zigpy will not match them when a device joins and the handler will not be used for the device. You can also obtain this information from the device screen in HA for the device. The Zigbee Device Signature button will launch a dialog that contains all of the information necessary to create quirks.
All custom device definitions must extend CustomDevice or a derivative of it
All custom cluster definitions must extend CustomCluster or a derivative of it
Use constants for all attribute values referencing the appropriate labels from Zigpy / HA as necessary
Use an existing handler as a guide. signature and replacement dicts are required. Include the SimpleDescriptor entry for each endpoint in the signature dict above the definition of the endpoint in this format:
# <SimpleDescriptor endpoint=1 profile=260 device_type=1026
# device_version=0
# input_clusters=[0, 1, 3, 32, 1026, 1280, 2821]
# output_clusters=[25]>
device_automation_triggers workDevice automation triggers are essentially representations of the events that the devices fire in HA. They allow users to use actions in the UI instead of using the raw events. Ex: For the Hue remote - the on button fires this event:
<Event zha_event[L]: unique_id=00:17:88:01:04:e7:f9:37:1:0x0006, device_ieee=00:17:88:01:04:e7:f9:37, endpoint_id=1, cluster_id=6, command=on, args=[]>
and the action defined for this is:
(SHORT_PRESS, TURN_ON): {COMMAND: COMMAND_ON}
The first part (SHORT_PRESS, TURN_ON) corresponds to the txt the user will see in the UI:
The second part is the event data. You only need to supply enough of the event data to uniquely match the event which in this case is just the command for this event fired by this device: {COMMAND: COMMAND_ON}
If you look at another example for the same device:
(SHORT_PRESS, DIM_UP): {COMMAND: COMMAND_STEP, CLUSTER_ID: 8, ENDPOINT_ID: 1, PARAMS: {'step_mode': 0},}
You can see a pattern that illustrates how to match a more complex event. In this case the step command is used for the dim up and dim down buttons so we need to match more of the event data to uniquely match the event.
Open a terminal at the root of the project and run the setup script: script/setup This script will install all necessary dependencies and it will install the precommit hook.
The tests use the pytest framework.
To get set up, you need install the test dependencies:
pip install -r requirements_test_all.txt
See the pytest documentation for details about how to run
the tests. For example, to run all the test_tuya.py tests:
$ pytest --disable-warnings tests/test_tuya.py
Test session starts (platform: linux, Python 3.9.2, pytest 6.2.5, pytest-sugar 0.9.4)
collecting ...
tests/test_tuya.py ✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓ 100% ██████████
Results (3.58s):
41 passed
To add a new test, start by adding a new function to one of the existing test files. You can follow the instructions in the Getting started section of the pytest documentation.
In order to write a test, you will need to access an instance of a quirk to run the tests against. Pytest provides a useful feature called Fixtures that allow you to write and use the setup code necessary in one place, similar to how we use libraries to provide common functions to other code.
You can read more about fixtures here.
You can find the common fixtures in files named conftest.py. Pytest will list them for you as follows:
$ pytest --fixtures
[...]
--- fixtures defined from tests.conftest ---
MockAppController
App controller mock.
ieee_mock
Return a static ieee.
zigpy_device_mock
Zigpy device mock.
zigpy_device_from_quirk
Create zigpy device from Quirks signature.
[...]
--- fixtures defined from tests.test_tuya_clusters ---
TuyaCluster
Mock of the new Tuya manufacturer cluster.
Some fixtures such as app_controller_mock will provide an object instance that you can
use directly. Others, such as zigpy_device_mock will return a function, which you can
call to create a customised object during your own setup.
The fixture assert_signature_matches_quirk provides a function that can be
used to check that a particular device signature matches the corresponding quirk.
By capturing the signature and adding a few lines to the test file, this means that
you can verify that your device will be matched against the quirk without needing to
go through the paring process directly.
You need to capture the device signature and save it. If you have previously started the pairing process in Home assistant, you can find the signature under 'Zigbee Device Signature' on the device page.
Now you can create a test that checks the signature as follows:
def test_ts0121_signature(assert_signature_matches_quirk):
signature = {
"node_descriptor": "NodeDescriptor(logical_type=<LogicalType.Router: 1>, complex_descriptor_available=0, user_descriptor_available=0, reserved=0, aps_flags=0, frequency_band=<FrequencyBand.Freq2400MHz: 8>, mac_capability_flags=<MACCapabilityFlags.AllocateAddress|RxOnWhenIdle|MainsPowered|FullFunctionDevice: 142>, manufacturer_code=4098, maximum_buffer_size=82, maximum_incoming_transfer_size=82, server_mask=11264, maximum_outgoing_transfer_size=82, descriptor_capability_field=<DescriptorCapability.NONE: 0>, *allocate_address=True, *is_alternate_pan_coordinator=False, *is_coordinator=False, *is_end_device=False, *is_full_function_device=True, *is_mains_powered=True, *is_receiver_on_when_idle=True, *is_router=True, *is_security_capable=False)",
"endpoints": {
"1": {
"profile_id": 260,
"device_type": "0x0051",
"in_clusters": [
"0x0000",
"0x0004",
"0x0005",
"0x0006",
"0x0702",
"0x0b04"
],
"out_clusters": [
"0x000a",
"0x0019"
]
}
},
"manufacturer": "_TZ3000_g5xawfcq",
"model": "TS0121",
"class": "zhaquirks.tuya.ts0121_plug.Plug"
}
assert_signature_matches_quirk(zhaquirks.tuya.ts0121_plug.Plug, signature)
zigpy is a Zigbee protocol stack integration project to implement the Zigbee Home Automation standard as a Python 3 library. Zigbee Home Automation integration with zigpy allows you to connect one of many off-the-shelf Zigbee adapters using one of the available Zigbee radio library modules compatible with zigpy to control Zigbee based devices. There is currently support for controlling Zigbee device types such as binary sensors (e.g., motion and door sensors), sensors (e.g., temperature sensors), light bulbs, switches, locks, fans, covers (blinds, marquees, and more). A working implementation of zigpy exists in Home Assistant (Python based open source home automation software) as part of its ZHA component
zha-network-card is a custom Lovelace card that displays ZHA network and device information in Home Assistant
FAQs
Library implementing Zigpy quirks for ZHA in Home Assistant
We found that zha-quirks demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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