Zerobounce
Ruby client for Zerobounce.net API. Developed based on this version by Aaron Frase.
Usage
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'zerobounce-sdk'
And then execute:
$bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$gem install zerobounce-sdk
Import
require 'zerobounce'
Set a valid ZeroBounce API key.
Zerobounce.configure do |config|
config.apikey = '<zerobounce-api-key>'
...
end
or
Zerobounce.config.apikey = '<zerobounce-api-key>'
...
Credits
Zerobounce.credits
=> 79
Activity
Zerobounce.activity('ss@gmail.com')
=> {"found"=>true, "active_in_days"=>"180"}
Usage statistics
Zerobounce.api_usage(Date.today, Date.today)
=>
{"total"=>0,
"status_valid"=>0,
"status_invalid"=>0,
"status_catch_all"=>0,
"status_do_not_mail"=>0,
"status_spamtrap"=>0,
"status_unknown"=>0,
"sub_status_toxic"=>0,
"sub_status_disposable"=>0,
"sub_status_role_based"=>0,
"sub_status_possible_trap"=>0,
"sub_status_global_suppression"=>0,
"sub_status_timeout_exceeded"=>0,
"sub_status_mail_server_temporary_error"=>0,
"sub_status_mail_server_did_not_respond"=>0,
"sub_status_greylisted"=>0,
"sub_status_antispam_system"=>0,
"sub_status_does_not_accept_mail"=>0,
"sub_status_exception_occurred"=>0,
"sub_status_failed_syntax_check"=>0,
"sub_status_mailbox_not_found"=>0,
"sub_status_unroutable_ip_address"=>0,
"sub_status_possible_typo"=>0,
"sub_status_no_dns_entries"=>0,
"sub_status_role_based_catch_all"=>0,
"sub_status_mailbox_quota_exceeded"=>0,
"sub_status_forcible_disconnect"=>0,
"sub_status_failed_smtp_connection"=>0,
"sub_status_mx_forward"=>0,
"sub_status_alternate"=>0,
"sub_status_blocked"=>0,
"sub_status_allowed"=>0,
"start_date"=>"4/28/2023",
"end_date"=>"4/28/2023"}
Email Validation
Validate single eMail
Zerobounce.validate('valid@example.com')
=>
{"address"=>"valid@example.com",
"status"=>"valid",
"sub_status"=>"",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:18:45.631"}
Validate batch
emails
=>
["disposable@example.com",
"invalid@example.com",
"valid@example.com",
"toxic@example.com",
"donotmail@example.com",
"spamtrap@example.com"]
=> ["192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1", "192.168.0.1"]
Zerobounce.validate_batch(emails)
=>
[{"address"=>"disposable@example.com",
"status"=>"do_not_mail",
"sub_status"=>"disposable",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"},
{"address"=>"invalid@example.com",
"status"=>"invalid",
"sub_status"=>"mailbox_not_found",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"},
{"address"=>"valid@example.com",
"status"=>"valid",
"sub_status"=>"",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"},
{"address"=>"toxic@example.com",
"status"=>"do_not_mail",
"sub_status"=>"toxic",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"},
{"address"=>"donotmail@example.com",
"status"=>"do_not_mail",
"sub_status"=>"role_based",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"},
{"address"=>"spamtrap@example.com",
"status"=>"spamtrap",
"sub_status"=>"",
"free_email"=>false,
"did_you_mean"=>nil,
"account"=>nil,
"domain"=>nil,
"domain_age_days"=>"9692",
"smtp_provider"=>"example",
"mx_found"=>"true",
"mx_record"=>"mx.example.com",
"firstname"=>"zero",
"lastname"=>"bounce",
"gender"=>"male",
"country"=>nil,
"region"=>nil,
"city"=>nil,
"zipcode"=>nil,
"processed_at"=>"2023-04-28 15:21:44.340"}]
Batch File Validation
Send file
validate_file_path = File.join(Dir.pwd, 'files', 'validation.csv')
=> "/home/zb/wrappers/ruby-test/files/validation.csv"
Zerobounce.validate_file_send(validate_file_path)
=>
{"success"=>true,
"message"=>"File Accepted",
"file_name"=>"validation.csv",
"file_id"=>"75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"}
email_address_column: 1,
first_name_column: 2,
last_name_column: 3,
gender_column: 4,
has_header_row: true,
return_url: nil
Check file
file_id = "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
=> "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
Zerobounce.validate_file_check(file_id)
=>
{"success"=>true,
"file_id"=>"75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c",
"file_name"=>"validation.csv",
"upload_date"=>"2023-04-28T15:25:41Z",
"file_status"=>"Greylisted",
"complete_percentage"=>"0%",
"error_reason"=>nil,
"return_url"=>nil}
Get file
file_id = "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
=> "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
Zerobounce.validate_file_get(file_id)
=> "\"email\",\"first\",\"last\",\"gender\",\"ip\",\"ZB Status\",\"ZB Sub Status\",\"ZB Account\",\"ZB Domain\",\"ZB First Name\",\"ZB Last Name\",\"ZB Gender\",\"ZB Free Email\",\"ZB MX Found\",\"ZB MX Record\",\"ZB SMTP Provider\",\"ZB Did You Mean\"\n\"disposable@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"disposable\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"invalid@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"mailbox_not_found\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"valid@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"valid\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"toxic@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"toxic\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"donotmail@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"role_based\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"spamtrap@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"spamtrap\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"abuse@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"abuse\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"unknown@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"mail_server_temporary_error\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"catch_all@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"catch-all\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"antispam_system@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"antispam_system\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"does_not_accept_mail@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"does_not_accept_mail\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"exception_occurred@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"exception_occurred\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"failed_smtp_connection@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"failed_smtp_connection\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"failed_syntax_check@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"failed_syntax_check\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"forcible_disconnect@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"forcible_disconnect\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"global_suppression@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"global_suppression\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"greylisted@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"greylisted\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"leading_period_removed@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"valid\",\"leading_period_removed\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"mail_server_did_not_respond@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"mail_server_did_not_respond\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"mail_server_temporary_error@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"mail_server_temporary_error\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"mailbox_quota_exceeded@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"mailbox_quota_exceeded\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"mailbox_not_found@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"mailbox_not_found\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"no_dns_entries@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"no_dns_entries\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"possible_trap@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"possible_trap\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"possible_typo@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"possible_typo\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"role_based@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"role_based\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"timeout_exceeded@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"unknown\",\"timeout_exceeded\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"unroutable_ip_address@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"invalid\",\"unroutable_ip_address\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"free_email@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"valid\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"True\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n\"role_based_catch_all@example.com\",\"First\",\"Last\",\"male\",\"127.0.0.1\",\"do_not_mail\",\"role_based_catch_all\",\"\",\"\",\"zero\",\"bounce\",\"male\",\"False\",\"true\",\"mx.example.com\",\"example\",\"\"\n"
Delete file
file_id = "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
=> "75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"
Zerobounce.validate_file_delete(file_id)
=>
{"success"=>true,
"message"=>"File Deleted",
"file_name"=>"validation.csv",
"file_id"=>"75d854a6-565c-49f9-b4c8-b3344480ec4c"}
AI Scoring
Send file
scoring_file_path = File.join(Dir.pwd, 'files', 'scoring.csv')
=> "/home/odin/zb/wrappers/ruby-test/files/scoring.csv"
Zerobounce.scoring_file_send(scoring_file_path)
=>
{"success"=>true,
"message"=>"File Accepted",
"file_name"=>"scoring.csv",
"file_id"=>"89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"}
email_address_column: 1,
has_header_row: true,
return_url: nil
File check
file_id = "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
=> "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
Zerobounce.scoring_file_check(file_id)
=>
{"success"=>true,
"file_id"=>"89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e",
"file_name"=>"scoring.csv",
"upload_date"=>"2023-04-28T16:57:18Z",
"file_status"=>"Complete",
"complete_percentage"=>"100% Complete.",
"return_url"=>nil}
Get file
file_id = "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
=> "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
Zerobounce.scoring_file_get(file_id)
=> "\"email\",\"ZeroBounceQualityScore\"\r\n\"disposable@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"invalid@example.com\",\"10\"\r\n\"valid@example.com\",\"10\"\r\n\"toxic@example.com\",\"2\"\r\n\"donotmail@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"spamtrap@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"abuse@example.com\",\"10\"\r\n\"unknown@example.com\",\"10\"\r\n\"catch_all@example.com\",\"10\"\r\n\"antispam_system@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"does_not_accept_mail@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"exception_occurred@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"failed_smtp_connection@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"failed_syntax_check@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"forcible_disconnect@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"global_suppression@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"greylisted@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"leading_period_removed@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"mail_server_did_not_respond@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"mail_server_temporary_error@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"mailbox_quota_exceeded@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"mailbox_not_found@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"no_dns_entries@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"possible_trap@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"possible_typo@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"role_based@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"timeout_exceeded@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"unroutable_ip_address@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"free_email@example.com\",\"0\"\r\n\"role_based_catch_all@example.com\",\"0\""
Delete file
file_id = "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
=> "89fb7262-b845-4fa1-aa25-e486347ec64e"
Zerobounce.validate_file_delete(file_id)
=> {"success"=>false, "message"=>"File cannot be found."}
More details on CSV file submission and CSV result retrieval
This applies for both 'Email validation' and 'AI Scoring' functionalities.
The data of the submitted CSV file will be included in the result CSV file. Therefore, the first columns of the result CSV file will consist of the submitted data and the following columns will provide information specific to each functionality.
'Email validation'
The additional columns that would be included in result CSV file:
- ZB Status
- ZB Sub Status
- ZB Account
- ZB Domain
- ZB First Name
- ZB Last Name
- ZB Gender
- ZB Free Email
- ZB MX Found
- ZB MX Record
- ZB SMTP Provider
- ZB Did You Mean
- ZB City
- ZB Region/State
- ZB Zip Code
- ZB Country
When has_header_row: true
is provided to validate_file_send()
method, original columns of the submitted file will be retained.
When has_header_row: false
, the columns that were explicitly specified in validate_file_send()
will be given the following column title:
email_address_column => "Email Address"
first_name_column => "First Name"
last_name_column => "Last Name"
gender_column => "Gender"
Any additional that were not (or can not be) specified by parameters, will be given column title "Custom".
'AI Scoring':
The additional column that would be included in result CSV file:
When has_header_row: true
is provided to scoring_file_send()
method, original columns of the submitted file will be retained.
When has_header_row: false
is provided to scoring_file_send()
method, column title for the email column (as well as the other columns) will be Email Address.
Email Finder
Guess Format
Zerobounce.guessformat("zerobounce.net")
=>
{"email"=>"",
"domain"=>"zerobounce.net",
"format"=>"first.last",
"status"=>"",
"sub_status"=>"",
"confidence"=>"high",
"did_you_mean"=>"",
"failure_reason"=>"",
"other_domain_formats"=>
[{"format"=>"first", "confidence"=>"high"},
{"format"=>"last.first", "confidence"=>"high"},
{"format"=>"lfirst", "confidence"=>"high"},
{"format"=>"lastfirst", "confidence"=>"high"},
{"format"=>"firstl", "confidence"=>"high"},
{"format"=>"last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first.middle.last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first-last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"l.first", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"f.last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"f-last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first.l", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first-l", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"firstlast", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first_l", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"f_last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"last.f", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"last-f", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"last-first", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"first_last", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"last_f", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"last_first", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"flast", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"lastf", "confidence"=>"medium"},
{"format"=>"l-first", "confidence"=>"low"},
{"format"=>"l_first", "confidence"=>"low"}]}
Development
After checking out the repo run tests
rspec --init
bundle exec rspec
You should see an output like this
Run options: include {:focus=>true}
running live tests
.....................................................
Finished in 6.81 seconds (files took 0.40587 seconds to load)
53 examples, 0 failures
Test parameters
The tests use the following environment parameters:
TEST {unit|live} influences whether mocked unit tests are run or the live server is used (credits may be used if you choose to do this)
ZEROBOUNCE_API_KEY {} this key is used to make requests to the live server; it is also used in mock tests as a valid key sample (any value will work for mock tests)
INCORRECT_API_KEY {any non whitespace string value that is not a valid key} used for tests where the requests are meant to fail due to the API key value.
To set them
export ZEROBOUNCE_API_KEY=99e7ef20ceea4480a173b07b1be75371
export INCORRECT_API_KEY=thiskeyisinvalidorotherwiseincorrect
export TEST=unit
A .env.sample file is provided.
Mock tests were generated using webmock and vcr. This means that actual requests were made and recorded in the spec/cassettes with an (at the time) valid API key used for testing purposes. This key has been invalidated in the meantime, however it is provided in the .env.sample file for the mock tests to work. If you do not wish to use this key for mocks, you can replace it with any value in the .yml files under spec/cassettes or delete all of them and rerun the tests so that vcr records them with a new key.