@astrojs/cloudflare

@astrojs/cloudflare

An SSR adapter for use with Cloudflare Pages Functions targets. Write your code in Astro/Javascript and deploy to Cloudflare Pages.

Install

Add the Cloudflare adapter to enable SSR in your Astro project with the following astro add command. This will install the adapter and make the appropriate changes to your astro.config.mjs file in one step.

# Using NPM
npx astro add cloudflare
# Using Yarn
yarn astro add cloudflare
# Using PNPM
pnpm astro add cloudflare

If you prefer to install the adapter manually instead, complete the following two steps:

1. Add the Cloudflare adapter to your project's dependencies using your preferred package manager. If you’re using npm or aren’t sure, run this in the terminal:

npm install @astrojs/cloudflare

1. Add the following to your astro.config.mjs file:

  // astro.config.mjs
  import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
+ import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

  export default defineConfig({
+   output: 'server',
+   adapter: cloudflare(),
  });

Options

mode

mode: "advanced" | "directory"

default "advanced"

This configuration option defines how your Astro project is deployed to Cloudflare Pages.

• advanced mode picks up the _worker.js file in the dist folder
• directory mode picks up the files in the functions folder, by default only one [[path]].js file is generated

Switching to directory mode allows you to add additional files manually such as Cloudflare Pages Plugins, Cloudflare Pages Middleware or custom functions using Cloudflare Pages Functions Routing.

// astro.config.mjs
export default defineConfig({
  adapter: cloudflare({ mode: 'directory' }),
});

To compile a separate bundle for each page, set the functionPerRoute option in your Cloudflare adapter config. This option requires some manual maintenance of the functions folder. Files emitted by Astro will overwrite existing files with identical names in the functions folder, so you must choose unique file names for each file you manually add. Additionally, the adapter will never empty the functions folder of outdated files, so you must clean up the folder manually when you remove pages.

  // astro.config.mjs
  import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
  import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
      mode: 'directory',
+     functionPerRoute: true
    })
  })

This adapter doesn't support the edgeMiddleware option.

routes.strategy

routes.strategy: "auto" | "include" | "exclude"

default "auto"

Determines how routes.json will be generated if no custom _routes.json is provided.

There are three options available:

• "auto" (default): Will automatically select the strategy that generates the fewest entries. This should almost always be sufficient, so choose this option unless you have a specific reason not to.

• include: Pages and endpoints that are not pre-rendered are listed as include entries, telling Cloudflare to invoke these routes as functions. exclude entries are only used to resolve conflicts. Usually the best strategy when your website has mostly static pages and only a few dynamic pages or endpoints.

  Example: For src/pages/index.astro (static), src/pages/company.astro (static), src/pages/users/faq.astro (static) and /src/pages/users/[id].astro (SSR) this will produce the following _routes.json:

  {
    "version": 1,
    "include": [
      "/_image", // Astro's image endpoint
      "/users/*" // Dynamic route
    ],
    "exclude": [
      // Static routes that needs to be exempted from the dynamic wildcard route above
      "/users/faq/",
      "/users/faq/index.html"
    ]
  }
  

• exclude: Pre-rendered pages are listed as exclude entries (telling Cloudflare to handle these routes as static assets). Usually the best strategy when your website has mostly dynamic pages or endpoints and only a few static pages.

  Example: For the same pages as in the previous example this will produce the following _routes.json:

  {
    "version": 1,
    "include": [
      "/*" // Handle everything as function except the routes below
    ],
    "exclude": [
      // All static assets
      "/",
      "/company/",
      "/index.html",
      "/users/faq/",
      "/favicon.png",
      "/company/index.html",
      "/users/faq/index.html"
    ]
  }
  

routes.include

routes.include: string[]

default []

If you want to use the automatic _routes.json generation, but want to include additional routes (e.g. when having custom functions in the functions folder), you can use the routes.include option to add additional routes to the include array.

routes.exclude

routes.exclude: string[]

default []

If you want to use the automatic _routes.json generation, but want to exclude additional routes, you can use the routes.exclude option to add additional routes to the exclude array.

The following example automatically generates _routes.json while including and excluding additional routes. Note that that is only necessary if you have custom functions in the functions folder that are not handled by Astro.

  // astro.config.mjs
  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
      mode: 'directory',
+     routes: {
+       strategy: 'include',
+       include: ['/users/*'], // handled by custom function: functions/users/[id].js
+       exclude: ['/users/faq'], // handled by static page: pages/users/faq.astro
+     },
    }),
  });

imageService

imageService: "passthrough" | "cloudflare"

Determines which image service is used by the adapter. The adapter will default to passthrough mode when an incompatible image service is configured. Otherwise, it will use the globally configured image service:

• cloudflare: Uses the Cloudflare Image Resizing service.
• passthrough: Uses the existing noop service.

wasmModuleImports

wasmModuleImports: boolean

default: false

Whether or not to import .wasm files directly as ES modules using the .wasm?module import syntax.

Add wasmModuleImports: true to astro.config.mjs to enable this functionality in both the Cloudflare build and the Astro dev server. Read more about using Wasm modules.

// astro.config.mjs
import {defineConfig} from "astro/config";
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare({
+      wasmModuleImports: true
    }),
    output: 'server'
})

runtime

runtime: { mode: "off" | "local", persistTo: string }

default { mode: 'off', persistTo: '' }

Determines whether and how the Cloudflare Runtime is added to astro dev.

The Cloudflare Runtime includes Cloudflare bindings, environment variables, and the cf object. Read more about accessing the Cloudflare Runtime.

The mode property defines how the runtime is added to astro dev:

• local: uses bindings mocking and locally static placeholders
• off: no access to the Cloudflare runtime using astro dev. You can alternatively use Preview with Wrangler

The persistTo property defines where the local runtime is persisted to when using mode: local. This value is a directory relative to your astro dev execution path.

The default value is set to .wrangler/state/v3 to match the default path Wrangler uses. This means both tools are able to access and use the local state.

Whichever directory is set in persistTo, .wrangler or your custom value, must be added to .gitignore.

// astro.config.mjs
import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';
import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare';

export default defineConfig({
  output: 'server',
  adapter: cloudflare({
+   runtime: { mode: 'local' },
  }),
});

Cloudflare runtime

Gives you access to environment variables, and Cloudflare bindings.

Currently supported bindings:

• Cloudflare D1
• Cloudflare R2
• Cloudflare Workers KV
• Cloudflare Durable Objects

You can access the runtime from Astro components through Astro.locals inside any .astro file.

---
// src/pages/index.astro
const runtime = Astro.locals.runtime;
---

<pre>{JSON.stringify(runtime.env)}</pre>

You can access the runtime from API endpoints through context.locals:

// src/pages/api/someFile.js
export function GET(context) {
  const runtime = context.locals.runtime;

  return new Response('Some body');
}

Typing

If you have configured mode: advanced, you can type the runtime object using AdvancedRuntime:

// src/env.d.ts
/// <reference types="astro/client" />

type KVNamespace = import('@cloudflare/workers-types/experimental').KVNamespace;
type ENV = {
  SERVER_URL: string;
  KV_BINDING: KVNamespace;
};

type Runtime = import('@astrojs/cloudflare').AdvancedRuntime<ENV>;

declare namespace App {
  interface Locals extends Runtime {
    user: {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
    };
  }
}

If you have configured mode: directory, you can type the runtime object using DirectoryRuntime:

// src/env.d.ts
/// <reference types="astro/client" />

type KVNamespace = import('@cloudflare/workers-types/experimental').KVNamespace;
type ENV = {
  SERVER_URL: string;
  KV_BINDING: KVNamespace;
};

type Runtime = import('@astrojs/cloudflare').DirectoryRuntime<ENV>;

declare namespace App {
  interface Locals extends Runtime {
    user: {
      name: string;
      surname: string;
    };
  }
}

Platform

Headers

You can attach custom headers to your responses by adding a _headers file in your Astro project's public/ folder. This file will be copied to your build output directory.

Redirects

You can declare custom redirects using Cloudflare Pages. This allows you to redirect requests to a different URL. You can add a _redirects file in your Astro project's public/ folder. This file will be copied to your build output directory.

Routes

You can define which routes are invoking functions and which are static assets, using Cloudflare routing via a _routes.json file. This file is automatically generated by Astro.

Custom _routes.json

By default, @astrojs/cloudflare will generate a _routes.json file with include and exclude rules based on your applications's dynamic and static routes. This will enable Cloudflare to serve files and process static redirects without a function invocation. Creating a custom _routes.json will override this automatic optimization. See Cloudflare's documentation on creating a custom routes.json for more details.

Use Wasm modules

The following is an example of importing a Wasm module that then responds to requests by adding the request's number parameters together.

// pages/add/[a]/[b].js
import mod from '../util/add.wasm?module';

// instantiate ahead of time to share module
const addModule: any = new WebAssembly.Instance(mod);

export async function GET(context) {
  const a = Number.parseInt(context.params.a);
  const b = Number.parseInt(context.params.b);
  return new Response(`${addModule.exports.add(a, b)}`);
}

While this example is trivial, Wasm can be used to accelerate computationally intensive operations which do not involve significant I/O such as embedding an image processing library.

Node.js compatibility

Astro's Cloudflare adapter allows you to use any Node.js runtime API supported by Cloudflare:

• assert
• AsyncLocalStorage
• Buffer
• Crypto
• Diagnostics Channel
• EventEmitter
• path
• process
• Streams
• StringDecoder
• util

To use these APIs, your page or endpoint must be server-side rendered (not pre-rendered) and must use the the import {} from 'node:*' import syntax.

// pages/api/endpoint.js
export const prerender = false;
import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';

Additionally, you'll need to enable the Compatibility Flag in Cloudflare. The configuration for this flag may vary based on where you deploy your Astro site. For detailed guidance, please refer to the Cloudflare documentation on enabling Node.js compatibility.

Cloudflare module support

All Cloudflare namespaced packages (e.g. cloudflare:sockets) are allowlisted for use. Note that the package cloudflare:sockets does not work locally without using Wrangler dev mode.

Preview with Wrangler

To use wrangler to run your application locally, update the preview script:

//package.json
"preview": "wrangler pages dev ./dist"

wrangler gives you access to Cloudflare bindings, environment variables, and the cf object. Getting hot reloading or the astro dev server to work with Wrangler might require custom setup. See community examples.

Meaningful error messages

Currently, errors during running your application in Wrangler are not very useful, due to the minification of your code. For better debugging, you can add vite.build.minify = false setting to your astro.config.mjs.

  // astro.config.mjs
  export default defineConfig({
    adapter: cloudflare(),
    output: 'server',

+   vite: {
+     build: {
+       minify: false,
+     },
+   },
  });

Troubleshooting

For help, check out the #support channel on Discord. Our friendly Support Squad members are here to help!

You can also check our Astro Integration Documentation for more on integrations.

Contributing

This package is maintained by Astro's Core team. You're welcome to submit an issue or PR!