next-secure-headers
Advanced tools
export default withSecureHeaders({
contentSecurityPolicy: {
directives: {
defaultSrc: "'self'",
styleSrc: ["'self'", "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com"],
},
},
forceHTTPSRedirect: [true, { maxAge: 60 * 60 * 24 * 4, includeSubDomains: true }],
referrerPolicy: "same-origin",
})(Application);
| FEATURES | WHAT YOU CAN DO |
|---|---|
| ⚛️ Designed for Next.js | Use for page components in /pages |
| ✨ Default applied rules | Help your project even if you don't have knowledge |
| 🎩 Type Safe | You can use with TypeScript |
next-secure-headers is a similar to Helmet which sets HTTP response headers related to security for Express.js.
Next.js supports to be used in Node.js frameworks such as Express.js. So you can use Helmet with your Next.js project if you create a custom server, but a custom server is not recommended by Next.js development team. Also they are working to implement in order to be possible to use Next.js without a custom server. In fact, Next.js 9 supports Dynamic Routing, so we don't need to build a custom server in order to implement it using such as next-routes which requires a custom server.
// /pages/_app.tsx
import withSecureHeaders from "next-secure-headers";
class Application extends App {
...
}
export default withSecureHeaders()(Application);
If you want to use Helmet, it requires to use a custom server against a recommended way. To solve this problem, next-secure-headers was born. next-secure-headers is built for Next.js project, so you can use it in page components as HOC like other libraries for Next.js such as next-redux-wrapper.
The following are rules next-secure-headers has and Helmet has. next-secure-headers is inspired by Helmet, but it don't have some rules for some reason.
| next-secure-headers | Helmet | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strict-Transport-Security | forceHTTPSRedirect | hsts | |
| X-Frame-Options | frameGuard | frameguard | |
| X-Download-Options | noopen | ieNoOpen | |
| X-Content-Type-Options | nosniff | noSniff | |
| X-XSS-Protection | xssProtection | xssFilter | |
| Content-Security-Policy | contentSecurityPolicy | contentSecurityPolicy | |
| Expect-CT | expectCT | expectCt | |
| Referrer-Policy | referrerPolicy | referrerPolicy | |
| X-DNS-Prefetch-Control | - | dnsPrefetchControl | This has privacy implications but this improves performance. |
| Feature-Policy | - | featurePolicy | Feature Policy improves security but it is working draft yet. |
| X-Powered-By | - | hidePoweredBy | Next.js supports to remove this header in next.config.js. |
| Related to cache | - | nocache | As Helmet said, caching has lots of benefits. |
| X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies | - | crossdomain | Adobe Flash is one of old web technologies. |
$ npm install next-secure-headers
If you are using Yarn, use the following command.
$ yarn add next-secure-headers
Firstly use an exported function for your Next.js application in /pages/_app.tsx . Also you can use in any
page components in /pages/xxx.tsx instead.
// /pages/_app.tsx
import withSecureHeaders from "next-secure-headers";
class Application extends App {
...
}
export default withSecureHeaders()(Application);
By default, next-secure-headers applies some rules. If you want to enable or disable rules, you can give settings to the first argument of the function.
export default withSecureHeaders({
contentSecurityPolicy: {
directives: {
defaultSrc: "'self'",
styleSrc: ["'self'", "https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com"],
},
},
forceHTTPSRedirect: [true, { maxAge: 60 * 60 * 24 * 4, includeSubDomains: true }],
referrerPolicy: "same-origin",
})(Application);
forceHTTPSRedirect{
forceHTTPSRedirect: boolean | [true, Partial<{ maxAge: number; includeSubDomains: boolean; preload: boolean }>];
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
[true, { maxAge: 63072000 }] | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Strict-Transport-Security |
This is to set "Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)" header and it's to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks during redirects from HTTP to HTTPS. To enable this is highly recommended if you use HTTPS (SSL) on your servers.
You can give true if you want to enable this rule, or you can specify options by giving [true, OPTION_OBJECT] . By default,
this sets max-age to two years (63,072,000 seconds).
frameGuard{
frameGuard: false | "deny" | "sameorigin" | ["allow-from", { uri: string | URL }];
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
"deny" | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Frame-Options |
This is to set "X-Frame-Options" header and it's to prevent clickjacking attacks. "deny" is highly recommended if you don't
use frame elements such as iframe .
noopen{
noopen: false | "noopen";
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
"noopen" | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Download-Options |
This is to set "X-Download-Options" header and it's to prevent to open downloaded files automatically for IE8+ (MIME Handling attacks).
nosniff{
nosniff: false | "nosniff";
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
"nosniff" | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Content-Type-Options |
This is to set "X-Content-Type-Options" header and it's to prevent MIME Sniffing attacks.
xssProtection{
xssProtection: false | "sanitize" | "block-rendering" | ["report", { uri: string | URL }];
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
"sanitize" | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-XSS-Protection |
This is to set "X-XSS-Protection" header and it's to prevent XSS attacks.
If you specify "sanitize" , this sets the header to "1" and browsers will sanitize unsafe area. If you specify
"block-rendering" , this sets the header to "1; mode=block" and browsers will block rendering a page. "X-XSS-Protection"
blocks many XSS attacks, but Content Security Policy is recommended to use compared to this.
contentSecurityPolicy{
contentSecurityPolicy:
| false
| {
directives:
& Partial<{
childSrc: string | string[];
connectSrc: string | string[];
defaultSrc: string | string[];
fontSrc: string | string[];
frameSrc: string | string[];
imgSrc: string | string[];
manifestSrc: string | string[];
mediaSrc: string | string[];
prefetchSrc: string | string[];
objectSrc: string | string[];
scriptSrc: string | string[];
scriptSrcElem: string | string[];
scriptSrcAttr: string | string[];
styleSrc: string | string[];
styleSrcElem: string | string[];
styleSrcAttr: string | string[];
workerSrc: string | string[];
}>
& Partial<{
baseURI: string | string[];
pluginTypes: string | string[];
sandbox:
| true
| "allow-downloads-without-user-activation"
| "allow-forms"
| "allow-modals"
| "allow-orientation-lock"
| "allow-pointer-lock"
| "allow-popups"
| "allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"
| "allow-presentation"
| "allow-same-origin"
| "allow-scripts"
| "allow-storage-access-by-user-activation"
| "allow-top-navigation"
| "allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation";
}>
& Partial<{
navigateTo: string | string[];
reportURI: string | URL | (string | URL)[];
reportTo: object;
}>;
reportOnly?: boolean;
};
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
false | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy |
This is to set "Content-Security-Policy" or "Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only" header and it's to prevent to load and execute non-allowed resources.
If you give true to reportOnly , this sets "Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only" to value instead of "Content-Security-Policy".
expectCT{
expectCT: boolean | [true, Partial<{ maxAge: number; enforce: boolean; reportURI: string | URL }>];
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
false | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Expect-CT |
This is to set "Expect-CT" header and it's to tell browsers to expect Certificate Transparency.
referrerPolicy{
referrerPolicy:
| false
| "no-referrer" | "no-referrer-when-downgrade" | "origin" | "origin-when-cross-origin" | "same-origin" | "strict-origin" | "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
| ("no-referrer" | "no-referrer-when-downgrade" | "origin" | "origin-when-cross-origin" | "same-origin" | "strict-origin" | "strict-origin-when-cross-origin")[];
}
| Default Value | MDN |
|---|---|
false | https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referrer-Policy |
This is to set "Referrer-Policy" header and it's to prevent to be got referrer by other servers. You can specify one or more values for legacy browsers which does not support a specific value.
import withSecureHeaders from "next-secure-headers";
export default withSecureHeaders({ referrerPolicy: "same-origin" })(Page);
next-secure-headers exports a HOC for Next.js as default export. You can use this function for application ( /pages/_app.tsx )
and page components ( /pages/xxx.tsx ).
withSecureHeaders(OPTIONS)(APPLICATION_OR_COMPONENT);
The first argument accepts options for rules, and the argument of the returned function accepts application or page components. The returned value is a new React component.
createHeadersObjectimport { createHeadersObject } from "next-secure-headers";
createHeadersObject({ referrerPolicy: "same-origin" });
// {
// "Referrer-Policy": "same-origin",
// }
createHeadersObject is a function to return HTTP headers as object.
createHeadersObject(OPTIONS);
The first argument accepts options for rules.
In general, X-Powered-By HTTP response header should be removed from response headers because it helps hackers to get the server information.
next-secure-headers does not support to remove X-Powered-By header, but Next.js supports to do.
// next.config.js
module.exports = {
poweredByHeader: false,
};
If you give false to poweredByHeader in next.config.js , Next.js removes the header from response headers.
// /pages/_app.tsx
export default withSecureHeaders({ referrerPolicy: "same-origin" })(Application);
// /pages/about.tsx
export default withSecureHeaders({ referrerPolicy: "no-referrer-when-downgrade" })(Page);
// But actually the server responds "same-origin"...
next-secure-headers does not support to override response headers in child page components because of being restricted by Next.js architecture.
// /config/secure-headers.ts
import withSecureHeaders from "next-secure-headers";
export const secureHeadersDefaultOption: Parameters<typeof withSecureHeaders>[0] = {
referrerPolicy: "same-origin",
};
// /pages/_app.tsx
import { secureHeadersDefaultOption } from "../config/secure-headers";
export default withSecureHeaders(secureHeadersDefaultOption)(Application);
// /pages/about.tsx
export default withSecureHeaders({
...secureHeadersDefaultOption,
referrerPolicy: "no-referrer-when-downgrade",
})(Page);
To solve this, you should define the option as one module, then you should import and merge the object.
Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/jagaapple/next-secure-headers. This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the Contributor Covenant code of conduct.
Please read Contributing Guidelines before development and contributing.
The library is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.
Copyright 2019 Jaga Apple. All rights reserve
1.0.0 (2019-12-04)
FAQs
Sets secure response headers for Next.js.
The npm package next-secure-headers receives a total of 44,955 weekly downloads. As such, next-secure-headers popularity was classified as popular.
We found that next-secure-headers demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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