openpgp

What is openpgp?

The openpgp npm package is a JavaScript implementation of the OpenPGP standard, which allows for encryption, decryption, signing, and verification of messages and files. It is widely used for secure communication and data protection.

What are openpgp's main functionalities?

Encrypting a message

This feature allows you to encrypt a message using a public key. The code sample demonstrates how to read a public key, create a message, and then encrypt it.

const openpgp = require('openpgp');
(async () => {
  const publicKeyArmored = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';
  const message = 'Hello, world!';
  const publicKey = await openpgp.readKey({ armoredKey: publicKeyArmored });
  const encrypted = await openpgp.encrypt({ message: await openpgp.createMessage({ text: message }), encryptionKeys: publicKey });
  console.log(encrypted);
})();

Decrypting a message

This feature allows you to decrypt a message using a private key and passphrase. The code sample demonstrates how to read a private key, decrypt it with a passphrase, read an encrypted message, and then decrypt it.

const openpgp = require('openpgp');
(async () => {
  const privateKeyArmored = '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----';
  const passphrase = 'yourPassphrase';
  const encryptedMessage = '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE ... END PGP MESSAGE-----';
  const privateKey = await openpgp.decryptKey({ privateKey: await openpgp.readPrivateKey({ armoredKey: privateKeyArmored }), passphrase });
  const message = await openpgp.readMessage({ armoredMessage: encryptedMessage });
  const { data: decrypted } = await openpgp.decrypt({ message, decryptionKeys: privateKey });
  console.log(decrypted);
})();

Signing a message

This feature allows you to sign a message using a private key and passphrase. The code sample demonstrates how to read a private key, decrypt it with a passphrase, create a message, and then sign it.

const openpgp = require('openpgp');
(async () => {
  const privateKeyArmored = '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----';
  const passphrase = 'yourPassphrase';
  const message = 'Hello, world!';
  const privateKey = await openpgp.decryptKey({ privateKey: await openpgp.readPrivateKey({ armoredKey: privateKeyArmored }), passphrase });
  const signedMessage = await openpgp.sign({ message: await openpgp.createMessage({ text: message }), signingKeys: privateKey });
  console.log(signedMessage);
})();

Verifying a signed message

This feature allows you to verify a signed message using a public key. The code sample demonstrates how to read a public key, read a signed message, and then verify the signature.

const openpgp = require('openpgp');
(async () => {
  const publicKeyArmored = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';
  const signedMessage = '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE ... END PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----';
  const publicKey = await openpgp.readKey({ armoredKey: publicKeyArmored });
  const message = await openpgp.readMessage({ armoredMessage: signedMessage });
  const verificationResult = await openpgp.verify({ message, verificationKeys: publicKey });
  const { verified } = verificationResult.signatures[0];
  try {
    await verified;
    console.log('Signature is valid');
  } catch (e) {
    console.log('Signature is invalid');
  }
})();

Other packages similar to openpgp

node-forge

node-forge is a JavaScript library that provides a set of cryptographic utilities, including support for RSA, AES, and other encryption algorithms. It is more general-purpose compared to openpgp, which is specifically focused on the OpenPGP standard.

crypto

The crypto module is a built-in Node.js module that provides cryptographic functionality, including a set of wrappers for OpenSSL's hash, HMAC, cipher, decipher, sign, and verify functions. It is more low-level compared to openpgp, which provides higher-level abstractions for OpenPGP operations.

kbpgp

kbpgp is a JavaScript library for OpenPGP encryption and decryption, similar to openpgp. It is designed to be compatible with the Keybase platform and provides a simpler API for common OpenPGP operations.

README

OpenPGP.js

OpenPGP.js is a JavaScript implementation of the OpenPGP protocol. This is defined in RFC 4880.

Table of Contents

• OpenPGP.js
  • Platform Support
  • Performance
  • Getting started
    • Npm
    • Bower
  • Examples
    • Set up
    • Encrypt and decrypt Uint8Array data with a password
    • Encrypt and decrypt String data with PGP keys
    • Encrypt with compression
    • Streaming encrypt Uint8Array data with a password
    • Streaming encrypt and decrypt String data with PGP keys
    • Generate new key pair
    • Revoke a key
    • Lookup public key on HKP server
    • Upload public key to HKP server
    • Sign and verify cleartext messages
    • Create and verify detached signatures
    • Streaming sign and verify Uint8Array data
  • Documentation
  • Security Audit
  • Security recommendations
  • Development
  • How do I get involved?
  • License
  • Resources

Platform Support

• The dist/openpgp.min.js bundle works well with recent versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge. It also works in Node.js 8+.

• The dist/compat/openpgp.min.js bundle also works with Internet Explorer 11 and old versions of Safari. Please note that this bundle overwrites the global Promise with a polyfill version even in some cases where it already exists, which may cause issues. It also adds some builtin prototype functions if they don't exist, such as Array.prototype.includes.

• If you wish, you could even load one or the other depending on which browser the user is using. However, if you're using the Web Worker, keep in mind that you also need to pass { path: 'compat/openpgp.worker.min.js' } to initWorker whenever you load compat/openpgp.min.js.

• Currently, Chrome, Safari and Edge have partial implementations of the Streams specification, and Firefox has a partial implementation behind feature flags. Chrome is the only browser that implements TransformStreams, which we need, so we include a polyfill for all other browsers. Please note that in those browsers, the global ReadableStream property gets overwritten with the polyfill version if it exists. In some edge cases, you might need to use the native ReadableStream (for example when using it to create a Response object), in which case you should store a reference to it before loading OpenPGP.js. There is also the web-streams-adapter library to convert back and forth between them.

Performance

• Version 3.0.0 of the library introduces support for public-key cryptography using elliptic curves. We use native implementations on browsers and Node.js when available or Elliptic otherwise. Elliptic curve cryptography provides stronger security per bits of key, which allows for much faster operations. Currently the following curves are supported (* = when available):

  Curve	Encryption	Signature	Elliptic	NodeCrypto	WebCrypto
  p256	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	Yes*
  p384	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	Yes*
  p521	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	Yes*
  secp256k1	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	No
  brainpoolP256r1	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	No
  brainpoolP384r1	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	No
  brainpoolP512r1	ECDH	ECDSA	Yes	Yes*	No
  curve25519	ECDH	N/A	Yes	No	No
  ed25519	N/A	EdDSA	Yes	No	No

• Version 2.x of the library has been built from the ground up with Uint8Arrays. This allows for much better performance and memory usage than strings.

• If the user's browser supports native WebCrypto via the window.crypto.subtle API, this will be used. Under Node.js the native crypto module is used. This can be deactivated by setting openpgp.config.use_native = false.

• The library implements the IETF proposal for authenticated encryption using native AES-EAX, OCB, or GCM. This makes symmetric encryption up to 30x faster on supported platforms. Since the specification has not been finalized and other OpenPGP implementations haven't adopted it yet, the feature is currently behind a flag. Note: activating this setting can break compatibility with other OpenPGP implementations, and also with future versions of OpenPGP.js. Don't use it with messages you want to store on disk or in a database. You can enable it by setting openpgp.config.aead_protect = true.

  You can change the AEAD mode by setting one of the following options:

  openpgp.config.aead_mode = openpgp.enums.aead.eax // Default, native
  openpgp.config.aead_mode = openpgp.enums.aead.ocb // Non-native
  openpgp.config.aead_mode = openpgp.enums.aead.experimental_gcm // **Non-standard**, fastest
  

  We previously also implemented an earlier version of the draft (using GCM), which you could enable by setting openpgp.config.aead_protect = true. If you need to stay compatible with that version, you need to set openpgp.config.aead_protect_version = 0.

• For environments that don't provide native crypto, the library falls back to asm.js implementations of AES, SHA-1, and SHA-256. We use Rusha and asmCrypto Lite (a minimal subset of asmCrypto.js built specifically for OpenPGP.js).

Getting started

Npm

npm install --save openpgp

Bower

bower install --save openpgp

Or just fetch a minified build under dist.

Examples

Here are some examples of how to use the v2.x+ API. For more elaborate examples and working code, please check out the public API unit tests. If you're upgrading from v1.x it might help to check out the documentation.

Set up

var openpgp = require('openpgp'); // use as CommonJS, AMD, ES6 module or via window.openpgp

openpgp.initWorker({ path:'openpgp.worker.js' }) // set the relative web worker path

Encrypt and decrypt Uint8Array data with a password

Encryption will use the algorithm specified in config.encryption_cipher (defaults to aes256), and decryption will use the algorithm used for encryption.

var options, encrypted;

options = {
    message: openpgp.message.fromBinary(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x01, 0x01])), // input as Message object
    passwords: ['secret stuff'],                                             // multiple passwords possible
    armor: false                                                             // don't ASCII armor (for Uint8Array output)
};

openpgp.encrypt(options).then(function(ciphertext) {
    encrypted = ciphertext.message.packets.write(); // get raw encrypted packets as Uint8Array
});

options = {
    message: await openpgp.message.read(encrypted), // parse encrypted bytes
    passwords: ['secret stuff'],              // decrypt with password
    format: 'binary'                          // output as Uint8Array
};

openpgp.decrypt(options).then(function(plaintext) {
    return plaintext.data // Uint8Array([0x01, 0x01, 0x01])
});

Encrypt and decrypt String data with PGP keys

Encryption will use the algorithm preferred by the public key (defaults to aes256 for keys generated in OpenPGP.js), and decryption will use the algorithm used for encryption.

const openpgp = require('openpgp') // use as CommonJS, AMD, ES6 module or via window.openpgp

openpgp.initWorker({ path:'openpgp.worker.js' }) // set the relative web worker path

// put keys in backtick (``) to avoid errors caused by spaces or tabs
const pubkey = `-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`
const privkey = `-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----` //encrypted private key
const passphrase = `yourPassphrase` //what the privKey is encrypted with

const encryptDecryptFunction = async() => {
    const privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0]
    await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase)

    const options = {
        message: openpgp.message.fromText('Hello, World!'),       // input as Message object
        publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys, // for encryption
        privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                                 // for signing (optional)
    }

    openpgp.encrypt(options).then(ciphertext => {
        encrypted = ciphertext.data // '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE ... END PGP MESSAGE-----'
        return encrypted
    })
    .then(encrypted => {
        const options = {
            message: await openpgp.message.readArmored(encrypted),    // parse armored message
            publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys, // for verification (optional)
            privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                                 // for decryption
        }

        openpgp.decrypt(options).then(plaintext => {
            console.log(plaintext.data)
            return plaintext.data // 'Hello, World!'
        })

    })
}

encryptDecryptFunction()

Encrypt with multiple public keys:

const pubkeys = [`-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`,
`-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`
const privkey = `-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
...
-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----` //encrypted private key
const passphrase = `yourPassphrase` //what the privKey is encrypted with
const message = 'Hello, World!'    // input as Message object

async encryptWithMultiplePublicKeys(pubkeys, privkey, passphrase, message) {
    const privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0]
    await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase)

    pubkeys = pubkeys.map(async (key) => {
    	return (await openpgp.key.readArmored(key)).keys[0]
    });

    const options = {
        message: openpgp.message.fromText(message),
        publicKeys: pubkeys,           				  // for encryption
        privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                                 // for signing (optional)
    }

    return openpgp.encrypt(options).then(ciphertext => {
        encrypted = ciphertext.data // '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE ... END PGP MESSAGE-----'
        return encrypted
    })
   };

Encrypt with compression

By default, encrypt will not use any compression. It's possible to override that behavior in two ways:

Either set the compression parameter in the options object when calling encrypt.

var options, encrypted;

options = {
    message: openpgp.message.fromBinary(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02, 0x03])), // or .fromText('string')
    passwords: ['secret stuff'],                                             // multiple passwords possible
    compression: openpgp.enums.compression.zip                               // compress the data with zip
};

ciphertext = await openpgp.encrypt(options);     // use ciphertext

Or, override the config to enable compression:

openpgp.config.compression = openpgp.enums.compression.zlib

Where the value can be any of:

• openpgp.enums.compression.zip
• openpgp.enums.compression.zlib

Streaming encrypt Uint8Array data with a password

const readableStream = new ReadableStream({
    start(controller) {
        controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02, 0x03]));
        controller.close();
    }
});

const options = {
    message: openpgp.message.fromBinary(readableStream), // input as Message object
    passwords: ['secret stuff'],                         // multiple passwords possible
    armor: false                                         // don't ASCII armor (for Uint8Array output)
};

openpgp.encrypt(options).then(async function(ciphertext) {
    const encrypted = ciphertext.message.packets.write(); // get raw encrypted packets as ReadableStream<Uint8Array>

    // Either pipe the above stream somewhere, pass it to another function,
    // or read it manually as follows:
    const reader = openpgp.stream.getReader(encrypted);
    while (true) {
        const { done, value } = await reader.read();
        if (done) break;
        console.log('new chunk:', value); // Uint8Array
    }
});

For more information on creating ReadableStreams, see the MDN Documentation on new ReadableStream(). For more information on reading streams using openpgp.stream, see the documentation of the web-stream-tools dependency, particularly its Reader class.

Streaming encrypt and decrypt String data with PGP keys

(async () => {
    let options;

    const pubkey = `-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
    ...
    -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`; // Public key
    const privkey = `-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
    ...
    -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----`; // Encrypted private key
    const passphrase = `yourPassphrase`; // Password that privKey is encrypted with

    const privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0];
    await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase);

    const readableStream = new ReadableStream({
        start(controller) {
            controller.enqueue('Hello, world!');
            controller.close();
        }
    });

    options = {
        message: openpgp.message.fromText(readableStream),        // input as Message object
        publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys, // for encryption
        privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                                 // for signing (optional)
    };

    const encrypted = await openpgp.encrypt(options);
    const ciphertext = encrypted.data; // ReadableStream containing '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE ... END PGP MESSAGE-----'

    options = {
        message: await openpgp.message.readArmored(ciphertext),   // parse armored message
        publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys, // for verification (optional)
        privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                                 // for decryption
    };

    const decrypted = await openpgp.decrypt(options);
    const plaintext = await openpgp.stream.readToEnd(decrypted.data); // 'Hello, World!'
})();

Generate new key pair

RSA keys:

var options = {
    userIds: [{ name:'Jon Smith', email:'[e-mail]' }], // multiple user IDs
    numBits: 4096,                                            // RSA key size
    passphrase: 'super long and hard to guess secret'         // protects the private key
};

ECC keys:

Possible values for curve are: curve25519, ed25519, p256, p384, p521, secp256k1, brainpoolP256r1, brainpoolP384r1, or brainpoolP512r1. Note that options both curve25519 and ed25519 generate a primary key for signing using Ed25519 and a subkey for encryption using Curve25519.

var options = {
    userIds: [{ name:'Jon Smith', email:'[e-mail]' }], // multiple user IDs
    curve: "ed25519",                                         // ECC curve name
    passphrase: 'super long and hard to guess secret'         // protects the private key
};

openpgp.generateKey(options).then(function(key) {
    var privkey = key.privateKeyArmored; // '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... '
    var pubkey = key.publicKeyArmored;   // '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... '
    var revocationCertificate = key.revocationCertificate; // '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... '
});

Revoke a key

Using a revocation certificate:

var options = {
    key: openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey).keys[0],
    revocationCertificate: revocationCertificate
};

Using the private key:

var options = {
    key: openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey).keys[0]
};

openpgp.revokeKey(options).then(function(key) {
    var pubkey = key.publicKeyArmored;   // '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... '
});

Lookup public key on HKP server

var hkp = new openpgp.HKP('https://pgp.mit.edu');

var options = {
    query: '[e-mail]'
};

let armoredPubkey = await hkp.lookup(options);
var pubkey = await openpgp.key.readArmored(armoredPubkey);

Upload public key to HKP server

var hkp = new openpgp.HKP('https://pgp.mit.edu');

var pubkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';

hkp.upload(pubkey).then(function() { ... });

Sign and verify cleartext messages

var options, cleartext, validity;

var pubkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';
var privkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----'; //encrypted private key
var passphrase = 'secret passphrase'; //what the privKey is encrypted with

var privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0];
await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase);

options = {
    message: openpgp.cleartext.fromText('Hello, World!'), // CleartextMessage or Message object
    privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                             // for signing
};

openpgp.sign(options).then(function(signed) {
    cleartext = signed.data; // '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE ... END PGP SIGNATURE-----'
});

options = {
    message: await openpgp.cleartext.readArmored(cleartext), // parse armored message
    publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys // for verification
};

openpgp.verify(options).then(function(verified) {
	validity = verified.signatures[0].valid; // true
	if (validity) {
		console.log('signed by key id ' + verified.signatures[0].keyid.toHex());
	}
});

Create and verify detached signatures

var options, detachedSig, validity;

var pubkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';
var privkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----'; //encrypted private key
var passphrase = 'secret passphrase'; //what the privKey is encrypted with

var privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0];
await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase);

options = {
    message: openpgp.cleartext.fromText('Hello, World!'), // CleartextMessage or Message object
    privateKeys: [privKeyObj],                            // for signing
    detached: true
};

openpgp.sign(options).then(function(signed) {
    detachedSig = signed.signature;
});

options = {
    message: openpgp.cleartext.fromText('Hello, World!'),        // CleartextMessage or Message object
    signature: await openpgp.signature.readArmored(detachedSig), // parse detached signature
    publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys     // for verification
};

openpgp.verify(options).then(function(verified) {
    validity = verified.signatures[0].valid; // true
    if (validity) {
        console.log('signed by key id ' + verified.signatures[0].keyid.toHex());
    }
});

Streaming sign and verify Uint8Array data

var readableStream = new ReadableStream({
    start(controller) {
        controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02, 0x03]));
        controller.close();
    }
});

var options, signedArmor, validity;

var pubkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----';
var privkey = '-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK ... END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----'; //encrypted private key
var passphrase = 'secret passphrase'; //what the privKey is encrypted with

var privKeyObj = (await openpgp.key.readArmored(privkey)).keys[0];
await privKeyObj.decrypt(passphrase);

options = {
    message: openpgp.message.fromBinary(readableStream),  // or .fromText(readableStream: ReadableStream<String>)
    privateKeys: [privKeyObj]                             // for signing
};

openpgp.sign(options).then(function(signed) {
    signedArmor = signed.data; // ReadableStream containing '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE ... END PGP SIGNATURE-----'
});

options = {
    message: await openpgp.message.readArmored(signedArmor), // parse armored message
    publicKeys: (await openpgp.key.readArmored(pubkey)).keys // for verification
};

openpgp.verify(options).then(async function(verified) {
    await openpgp.stream.readToEnd(verified.data);
    // Note: you *have* to read `verified.data` in some way or other,
    // even if you don't need it, as that is what triggers the
    // verification of the data.

    validity = await verified.signatures[0].verified; // true
    if (validity) {
        console.log('signed by key id ' + verified.signatures[0].keyid.toHex());
    }
});

Documentation

A jsdoc build of our code comments is available at doc/index.html. Public calls should generally be made through the OpenPGP object doc/openpgp.html.

For the documentation of openpgp.stream, see the documentation of the web-stream-tools dependency.

Security Audit

To date the OpenPGP.js code base has undergone two complete security audits from Cure53. The first audit's report has been published here.

Security recommendations

It should be noted that js crypto apps deployed via regular web hosting (a.k.a. host-based security) provide users with less security than installable apps with auditable static versions. Installable apps can be deployed as a Firefox or Chrome packaged app. These apps are basically signed zip files and their runtimes typically enforce a strict Content Security Policy (CSP) to protect users against XSS. This blogpost explains the trust model of the web quite well.

It is also recommended to set a strong passphrase that protects the user's private key on disk.

Development

To create your own build of the library, just run the following command after cloning the git repo. This will download all dependencies, run the tests and create a minified bundle under dist/openpgp.min.js to use in your project:

npm install && npm test

For debugging browser errors, you can open test/unittests.html in a browser or, after running the following command, open http://localhost:3000/test/unittests.html:

grunt browsertest

How do I get involved?

You want to help, great! It's probably best to send us a message on Gitter before you start your undertaking, to make sure nobody else is working on it, and so we can discuss the best course of action. Other than that, just go ahead and fork our repo, make your changes and send us a pull request! :)

License

GNU Lesser General Public License (3.0 or any later version). Please take a look at the LICENSE file for more information.

Resources

Below is a collection of resources, many of these were projects that were in someway a precursor to the current OpenPGP.js project. If you'd like to add your link here, please do so in a pull request or email to the list.

• https://www.hanewin.net/encrypt/
• https://github.com/seancolyer/gmail-crypt
• https://github.com/mete0r/jspg
• https://fitblip.pub/JSPGP-Stuffs/
• http://qooxdoo.org/contrib/project/crypto
• https://github.com/GPGTools/Mobile/wiki/Introduction
• http://gpg4browsers.recurity.com/
• https://github.com/gmontalvoriv/mailock