should

What is should?

The 'should' npm package is an expressive, readable, framework-agnostic assertion library for Node.js and browsers. It extends the 'Object.prototype' with a single non-enumerable getter that allows you to express how your code should behave in a readable way. It can be used for writing tests and supports both BDD (Behavior-Driven Development) and TDD (Test-Driven Development) styles.

What are should's main functionalities?

Chainable Assertions

Allows chaining multiple assertions together for readability and expressiveness.

should(value).be.exactly(42).and.be.a.Number();

Type Assertions

Provides assertions to check the type of a variable.

should('test').be.a.String();

Number Assertions

Includes assertions specifically for numbers, such as checking if a number is within a range.

should(10).be.above(5).and.below(15);

Property Assertions

Allows asserting the presence and value of an object's property.

should({ name: 'Alice', age: 25 }).have.property('name', 'Alice');

Equality Assertions

Enables asserting deep equality between objects or arrays.

should([1, 2, 3]).eql([1, 2, 3]);

Error Assertions

Provides a way to assert that a function throws an error.

should(function() { throw new Error('fail'); }).throw();

Other packages similar to should

chai

Chai is a BDD / TDD assertion library for node and the browser that can be delightfully paired with any javascript testing framework. It offers similar functionality to 'should' with chainable assertions but has a different syntax and additional interfaces like 'expect' and 'assert'.

expect.js

Expect.js is a minimalistic BDD-style assertions library that can be used in Node.js or in the browser. It provides a similar API to 'should' but does not extend 'Object.prototype', which can be a desirable feature for some users to avoid potential conflicts.

assert

Assert is a module that provides a simple set of assertion tests that can be used to test invariants. It is built into Node.js and offers a more traditional TDD assertion style, which is different from the BDD style provided by 'should'.

jest

Jest is a delightful JavaScript Testing Framework with a focus on simplicity. It comes with its own assertion library and test runner. While it provides similar assertion capabilities, it is more than just an assertion library as it includes testing utilities and is often used as a complete testing solution.

README

should.js

should is an expressive, readable, framework-agnostic assertion library. The main goals of this library are to be expressive and to be helpful. It keeps your test code clean, and your error messages helpful.

By default (when you require('should')) should extends the Object.prototype with a single non-enumerable getter that allows you to express how that object should behave. It also returns itself when required with require.

It is also possible to use should.js without getter (it will not even try to extend Object.prototype), just require('should/as-function'). Or if you already use version that auto add getter, you can call .noConflict function.

Results of (something).should getter and should(something) in most situations are the same

Upgrading instructions

Please check wiki page for upgrading instructions.

FAQ

You can take look in FAQ.

Example

var should = require('should');

var user = {
    name: 'tj'
  , pets: ['tobi', 'loki', 'jane', 'bandit']
};

user.should.have.property('name', 'tj');
user.should.have.property('pets').with.lengthOf(4);

// If the object was created with Object.create(null)
// then it doesn't inherit `Object.prototype`, so it will not have `.should` getter
// so you can do:
should(user).have.property('name', 'tj');

// also you can test in that way for null's
should(null).not.be.ok();

someAsyncTask(foo, function(err, result){
  should.not.exist(err);
  should.exist(result);
  result.bar.should.equal(foo);
});

To begin

1. Install it:

   $ npm install should --save-dev
   

2. Require it and use:

   var should = require('should');
   
   (5).should.be.exactly(5).and.be.a.Number();
   

   var should = require('should/as-function');
   
   should(10).be.exactly(5).and.be.a.Number();
   

In browser

Well, even when browsers by complains of authors has 100% es5 support, it does not mean it has no bugs. Please see wiki for known bugs.

If you want to use should in browser, use the should.js file in the root of this repository, or build it yourself. To build a fresh version:

$ npm install
$ gulp script

The script is exported to window.should:

should(10).be.exactly(10)

You can easy install it with npm or bower:

npm install should -D
# or
bower install shouldjs/should.js

API docs

Actual api docs generated by jsdoc comments and available at http://shouldjs.github.io.

Usage examples

Please look on usage in examples

.not

.not negates the current assertion.

.any

.any allow for assertions with multiple parameters to assert any of the parameters (but not all). This is similar to the native JavaScript array.some.

Assertions

chaining assertions

Every assertion will return a should.js-wrapped Object, so assertions can be chained. To help chained assertions read more clearly, you can use the following helpers anywhere in your chain: .an, .of, .a, .and, .be, .have, .with, .is, .which. Use them for better readability; they do nothing at all. For example:

user.should.be.an.instanceOf(Object).and.have.property('name', 'tj');
user.pets.should.be.instanceof(Array).and.have.lengthOf(4);

Almost all assertions return the same object - so you can easy chain them. But some (eg: .length and .property) move the assertion object to a property value, so be careful.

Adding own assertions

Adding own assertion is pretty easy. You need to call should.Assertion.add function. It accept 2 arguments:

1. name of assertion method (string)
2. assertion function (function)

What assertion function should do. It should check only positive case. should will handle .not itself. this in assertion function will be instance of should.Assertion and you must define in any way this.params object in your assertion function call before assertion check happen.

params object can contain several fields:

• operator - it is string which describe your assertion
• actual it is actual value, you can assume it is your own this.obj if you need to define you own
• expected it is any value that expected to be matched this.obj

You can assume its usage in generating AssertionError message like: expected obj? || this.obj not? operator expected?

In should sources appeared 2 kinds of usage of this method.

First not preferred and used only for shortcuts to other assertions, e.g how .should.be.true() defined:

Assertion.add('true', function() {
    this.is.exactly(true);
});

There you can see that assertion function do not define own this.params and instead call within the same assertion .exactly that will fill this.params. You should use this way very carefully, but you can use it.

Second way preferred and i assume you will use it instead of first.

Assertion.add('true', function() {
    this.params = { operator: 'to be true', expected: true };

    should(this.obj).be.exactly(true);
});

in this case this.params defined and then used new assertion context (because called .should). Internally this way does not create any edge cases as first.

Assertion.add('asset', function() {
    this.params = { operator: 'to be asset' };

    this.obj.should.have.property('id').which.is.a.Number();
    this.obj.should.have.property('path');
})

//then
> ({ id: '10' }).should.be.an.asset();
AssertionError: expected { id: '10' } to be asset
    expected '10' to be a number

> ({ id: 10 }).should.be.an.asset();
AssertionError: expected { id: 10 } to be asset
    expected { id: 10 } to have property path

Contributions

Actual list of contributors if you want to show it your friends.

To run the tests for should simply run:

$ npm test

See also CONTRIBUTING.

OMG IT EXTENDS OBJECT???!?!@

Yes, yes it does, with a single getter should, and no it won't break your code, because it does this properly with a non-enumerable property.

Also it is possible use it without extension.

License

MIT © 2010-2014 TJ Holowaychuk

Changelog

8.0.0 / 2015-12-08

• Move should-promised to main repo
• Expose window.should as should function and not a getter