type-check

type-check

type-check is a library which allows you to check the types of JavaScript values at runtime with a Haskell like type syntax. It is great for checking external input, for testing, or even for adding a bit of safety to your internal code. It is a major component of levn. MIT license. Version 0.4.0. Check out the demo.

For updates on type-check, follow me on twitter.

npm install type-check

Quick Examples

// Basic types:
var typeCheck = require('type-check').typeCheck;
typeCheck('Number', 1);               // true
typeCheck('Number', 'str');           // false
typeCheck('Error', new Error);        // true
typeCheck('Undefined', undefined);    // true

// Comment
typeCheck('count::Number', 1);        // true

// One type OR another type:
typeCheck('Number | String', 2);      // true
typeCheck('Number | String', 'str');  // true

// Wildcard, matches all types:
typeCheck('*', 2) // true

// Array, all elements of a single type:
typeCheck('[Number]', [1, 2, 3]);                // true
typeCheck('[Number]', [1, 'str', 3]);            // false

// Tuples, or fixed length arrays with elements of different types:
typeCheck('(String, Number)', ['str', 2]);       // true
typeCheck('(String, Number)', ['str']);          // false
typeCheck('(String, Number)', ['str', 2, 5]);    // false

// Object properties:
typeCheck('{x: Number, y: Boolean}', {x: 2, y: false});             // true
typeCheck('{x: Number, y: Boolean}',       {x: 2});                 // false
typeCheck('{x: Number, y: Maybe Boolean}', {x: 2});                 // true
typeCheck('{x: Number, y: Boolean}',      {x: 2, y: false, z: 3});  // false
typeCheck('{x: Number, y: Boolean, ...}', {x: 2, y: false, z: 3});  // true

// A particular type AND object properties:
typeCheck('RegExp{source: String, ...}', /re/i);          // true
typeCheck('RegExp{source: String, ...}', {source: 're'}); // false

// Custom types:
var opt = {customTypes:
  {Even: { typeOf: 'Number', validate: function(x) { return x % 2 === 0; }}}};
typeCheck('Even', 2, opt); // true

// Nested:
var type = '{a: (String, [Number], {y: Array, ...}), b: Error{message: String, ...}}'
typeCheck(type, {a: ['hi', [1, 2, 3], {y: [1, 'ms']}], b: new Error('oh no')}); // true

Check out the type syntax format and guide.

Usage

require('type-check'); returns an object that exposes four properties. VERSION is the current version of the library as a string. typeCheck, parseType, and parsedTypeCheck are functions.

// typeCheck(type, input, options);
typeCheck('Number', 2);               // true

// parseType(type);
var parsedType = parseType('Number'); // object

// parsedTypeCheck(parsedType, input, options);
parsedTypeCheck(parsedType, 2);       // true

typeCheck(type, input, options)

typeCheck checks a JavaScript value input against type written in the type format (and taking account the optional options) and returns whether the input matches the type.

arguments

• type - String - the type written in the type format which to check against
• input - * - any JavaScript value, which is to be checked against the type
• options - Maybe Object - an optional parameter specifying additional options, currently the only available option is specifying custom types

returns

Boolean - whether the input matches the type

example

typeCheck('Number', 2); // true

parseType(type)

parseType parses string type written in the type format into an object representing the parsed type.

arguments

• type - String - the type written in the type format which to parse

returns

Object - an object in the parsed type format representing the parsed type

example

parseType('Number'); // [{type: 'Number'}]

parsedTypeCheck(parsedType, input, options)

parsedTypeCheck checks a JavaScript value input against parsed type in the parsed type format (and taking account the optional options) and returns whether the input matches the type. Use this in conjunction with parseType if you are going to use a type more than once.

arguments

• type - Object - the type in the parsed type format which to check against
• input - * - any JavaScript value, which is to be checked against the type
• options - Maybe Object - an optional parameter specifying additional options, currently the only available option is specifying custom types

returns

Boolean - whether the input matches the type

example

parsedTypeCheck([{type: 'Number'}], 2); // true
var parsedType = parseType('String');
parsedTypeCheck(parsedType, 'str');     // true

## Type Format

Syntax

White space is ignored. The root node is a Types.

• Identifier = [\$\w]+ - a group of any lower or upper case letters, numbers, underscores, or dollar signs - eg. String
• Type = an Identifier, an Identifier followed by a Structure, just a Structure, or a wildcard * - eg. String, Object{x: Number}, {x: Number}, Array{0: String, 1: Boolean, length: Number}, *
• Types = optionally a comment (an Identifier followed by a ::), optionally the identifier Maybe, one or more Type, separated by | - eg. Number, String | Date, Maybe Number, Maybe Boolean | String
• Structure = Fields, or a Tuple, or an Array - eg. {x: Number}, (String, Number), [Date]
• Fields = a {, followed one or more Field separated by a comma , (trailing comma , is permitted), optionally an ... (always preceded by a comma ,), followed by a } - eg. {x: Number, y: String}, {k: Function, ...}
• Field = an Identifier, followed by a colon :, followed by Types - eg. x: Date | String, y: Boolean
• Tuple = a (, followed by one or more Types separated by a comma , (trailing comma , is permitted), followed by a ) - eg (Date), (Number, Date)
• Array = a [ followed by exactly one Types followed by a ] - eg. [Boolean], [Boolean | Null]

Guide

type-check uses Object.toString to find out the basic type of a value. Specifically,

{}.toString.call(VALUE).slice(8, -1)
{}.toString.call(true).slice(8, -1) // 'Boolean'

A basic type, eg. Number, uses this check. This is much more versatile than using typeof - for example, with document, typeof produces 'object' which isn't that useful, and our technique produces 'HTMLDocument'.

You may check for multiple types by separating types with a |. The checker proceeds from left to right, and passes if the value is any of the types - eg. String | Boolean first checks if the value is a string, and then if it is a boolean. If it is none of those, then it returns false.

Adding a Maybe in front of a list of multiple types is the same as also checking for Null and Undefined - eg. Maybe String is equivalent to Undefined | Null | String.

You may add a comment to remind you of what the type is for by following an identifier with a :: before a type (or multiple types). The comment is simply thrown out.

The wildcard * matches all types.

There are three types of structures for checking the contents of a value: 'fields', 'tuple', and 'array'.

If used by itself, a 'fields' structure will pass with any type of object as long as it is an instance of Object and the properties pass - this allows for duck typing - eg. {x: Boolean}.

To check if the properties pass, and the value is of a certain type, you can specify the type - eg. Error{message: String}.

If you want to make a field optional, you can simply use Maybe - eg. {x: Boolean, y: Maybe String} will still pass if y is undefined (or null).

If you don't care if the value has properties beyond what you have specified, you can use the 'etc' operator ... - eg. {x: Boolean, ...} will match an object with an x property that is a boolean, and with zero or more other properties.

For an array, you must specify one or more types (separated by |) - it will pass for something of any length as long as each element passes the types provided - eg. [Number], [Number | String].

A tuple checks for a fixed number of elements, each of a potentially different type. Each element is separated by a comma - eg. (String, Number).

An array and tuple structure check that the value is of type Array by default, but if another type is specified, they will check for that instead - eg. Int32Array[Number]. You can use the wildcard * to search for any type at all.

Check out the type precedence library for type-check.

Options

Options is an object. It is an optional parameter to the typeCheck and parsedTypeCheck functions. The only current option is customTypes.

### Custom Types

Example:

var options = {
  customTypes: {
    Even: {
      typeOf: 'Number',
      validate: function(x) {
        return x % 2 === 0;
      }
    }
  }
};
typeCheck('Even', 2, options); // true
typeCheck('Even', 3, options); // false

customTypes allows you to set up custom types for validation. The value of this is an object. The keys of the object are the types you will be matching. Each value of the object will be an object having a typeOf property - a string, and validate property - a function.

The typeOf property is the type the value should be (optional - if not set only validate will be used), and validate is a function which should return true if the value is of that type. validate receives one parameter, which is the value that we are checking.

Technical About

type-check is written in LiveScript - a language that compiles to JavaScript. It also uses the prelude.ls library.

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