certifi-linux
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Table of Contents
About
WHAT: certifi-linux
wraps certifi, but instead of distributing a certificate like certifi
does, it uses the Linux system trust store.
WHY? The requests module depends on certifi
and uses it for TLS. certifi
distributes the collection of root certificates provided by Mozilla for Python deployments. In some cases, especially in an enterprise setup it is necessary to use the certificates which are shipped with the OS.
Installation
certifi-linux
is purposed for Linux! For Windows take a look at pip-system-certs.
pip install certifi-linux
Usage
certifi-linux
just needs to be installed. Afterwards certifi.where()
or $ python3 -m certifi
will return the path to the system store. Hence all dependent projects like requests
will do as well.
Compatibility
I am trying to keep tests up to date with endoflife.
Tested distros are:
- alpine:3,
- ubuntu:focal, ubuntu:jammy, ubuntu:mantic,
- debian:buster, debian:bullseye, debian:bookworm,
- fedora:33, fedora:34, fedora:38, fedora:39,
- centos:stream9,
- (manually) rhel:37, rhel:38
Yet untested: Arch, Slackware, OpenWRT, FreeBSD, SUSE, gentoo, ...
Implementation
certifi-linux
monkey patches certif.where
and certifi.contents
by using wrapt. When called, it searches in the defined set of possible certificate bundle paths for a match.
Cert Path Candidates
Tested: yes✅, no❌
Cert Bundle Path | Linux Distribution |
---|
/etc/ssl/cert.pem | fedora >= 3.4✅, RHEL✅, alpine✅, centOS Stream✅, Arch❌, OpenWRT❌, FreeBSD❌ |
/etc/pki/tls/cert.pem | fedora <= 3.3✅ |
/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt | Debian✅, Ubuntu✅ |
/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem | openSUSE❌ |
Related Projects
The idea behind certifi-linux
is the same as behind certifi-system-store. certifi-system-store
replaces the dist-info of certifi with its own dist-info. This approach needs a specific order of installation for a succesful patch. When installed as a dependency among a whole set of dependencies this is hard to ensure and replacing dist-infos can mess up virtual environments.
pip-system-certs solves the same problem with a different approach. It monkey patches the requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter
and uses ssl.create_default_context
to load the OS certs. This works fine on Windows but has shown limitations on Linux as it does not work in some cases.
Viewed from the outside, certifi-debian is doing the exact same thing like certifi-linux
but just for debian. certifi-system-store-wrapper also does the same but with the necessity to set an environment variable.
Credits
Credits go to the developers of certifi-system-store
and pip-system-certs
as certifi-linux
is highly influenced by these two projects.
License
certifi-linux
is distributed under the terms of the MIT license.