pvfactors

pvfactors: irradiance modeling made simple

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pvfactors is a tool used by PV professionals to calculate the irradiance incident on surfaces of a photovoltaic array. It relies on the use of 2D geometries and view factors integrated mathematically into systems of equations to account for reflections between all of the surfaces.

pvfactors was originally ported from the SunPower developed 'vf_model' package, which was introduced at the IEEE PV Specialist Conference 44 2017 (see [#pvfactors_paper]_ and link_ to paper).

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.. contents:: Table of contents :backlinks: top :local:

Documentation

The documentation can be found here <https://sunpower.github.io/pvfactors>. It includes a lot of tutorials that describe the different ways of using pvfactors.

Quick Start

Given some timeseries inputs:

.. code:: python

Import external libraries

from datetime import datetime import pandas as pd

Create input data

df_inputs = pd.DataFrame( {'solar_zenith': [20., 50.], 'solar_azimuth': [110., 250.], 'surface_tilt': [10., 20.], 'surface_azimuth': [90., 270.], 'dni': [1000., 900.], 'dhi': [50., 100.], 'albedo': [0.2, 0.2]}, index=[datetime(2017, 8, 31, 11), datetime(2017, 8, 31, 15)]) df_inputs

+---------------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+ | | solar_zenith | solar_azimuth | surface_tilt | surface_azimuth | dni | dhi | albedo | +=====================+==============+===============+==============+=================+========+=======+========+ | 2017-08-31 11:00:00 | 20.0 | 110.0 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 1000.0 | 50.0 | 0.2 | +---------------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+ | 2017-08-31 15:00:00 | 50.0 | 250.0 | 20.0 | 270.0 | 900.0 | 100.0 | 0.2 | +---------------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+-----------------+--------+-------+--------+

And some PV array parameters

.. code:: python

pvarray_parameters = { 'n_pvrows': 3, # number of pv rows 'pvrow_height': 1, # height of pvrows (measured at center / torque tube) 'pvrow_width': 1, # width of pvrows 'axis_azimuth': 0., # azimuth angle of rotation axis 'gcr': 0.4, # ground coverage ratio }

The user can quickly create a PV array with pvfactors, and manipulate it with the engine

.. code:: python

from pvfactors.geometry import OrderedPVArray

Create PV array

pvarray = OrderedPVArray.init_from_dict(pvarray_parameters)

.. code:: python

from pvfactors.engine import PVEngine

Create engine

engine = PVEngine(pvarray)

Fit engine to data

engine.fit(df_inputs.index, df_inputs.dni, df_inputs.dhi, df_inputs.solar_zenith, df_inputs.solar_azimuth, df_inputs.surface_tilt, df_inputs.surface_azimuth, df_inputs.albedo)

The user can then plot the PV array geometry at any given time of the simulation:

.. code:: python

Plot pvarray shapely geometries

f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5)) pvarray.plot_at_idx(1, ax) plt.show()

.. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SunPower/pvfactors/master/docs/sphinx/_static/pvarray.png

It is then very easy to run simulations using the defined engine:

.. code:: python

pvarray = engine.run_full_mode(fn_build_report=lambda pvarray: pvarray)

And inspect the results thanks to the simple geometry API

.. code:: python

print("Incident irradiance on front surface of middle pv row: {} W/m2"
      .format(pvarray.ts_pvrows[1].front.get_param_weighted('qinc')))
print("Reflected irradiance on back surface of left pv row: {} W/m2"
      .format(pvarray.ts_pvrows[0].back.get_param_weighted('reflection')))
print("Isotropic irradiance on back surface of right pv row: {} W/m2"
      .format(pvarray.ts_pvrows[2].back.get_param_weighted('isotropic')))

.. parsed-literal::

Incident irradiance on front surface of middle pv row: [1034.968  886.377] W/m2
Reflected irradiance on back surface of left pv row: [112.139  86.404] W/m2
Isotropic irradiance on back surface of right pv row: [0.116 1.849] W/m2

The users can also create a "report" while running the simulations that will rely on the simple API shown above, and which will look like whatever the users want.

.. code:: python

# Create a function that will build a report
def fn_report(pvarray): return {'total_incident_back': pvarray.ts_pvrows[1].back.get_param_weighted('qinc'),
                                'total_absorbed_back': pvarray.ts_pvrows[1].back.get_param_weighted('qabs')}

# Run full mode simulation
report = engine.run_full_mode(fn_build_report=fn_report)

# Print results (report is defined by report function passed by user)
df_report = pd.DataFrame(report, index=df_inputs.index)
df_report

+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | total_incident_back | total_absorbed_back | +=====================+=====================+=====================+ | 2017-08-31 11:00:00 | 106.627832 | 103.428997 | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | 2017-08-31 15:00:00 | 79.668878 | 77.278812 | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

Installation

pvfactors is currently compatible and tested with 3.6+, and is available in PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/pvfactors/>. The easiest way to install pvfactors is to use pip as follows:

.. code:: sh

$ pip install pvfactors

The package wheel files are also available in the release section_ of the Github repository.

Requirements

Requirements are included in the requirements.txt file of the package. Here is a list of important dependencies:

• numpy <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/numpy>_
• pvlib-python <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pvlib>_
• shapely <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Shapely>_

Citing pvfactors

We appreciate your use of pvfactors. If you use pvfactors in a published work, we kindly ask that you cite:

.. parsed-literal::

Anoma, M., Jacob, D., Bourne, B.C., Scholl, J.A., Riley, D.M. and Hansen, C.W., 2017. View Factor Model and Validation for Bifacial PV and Diffuse Shade on Single-Axis Trackers. In 44th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference.

Contributing

Contributions are needed in order to improve pvfactors. If you wish to contribute, you can start by forking and cloning the repository, and then installing pvfactors using pip_ in the root folder of the package:

.. code:: sh

$ pip install .

To install the package in editable mode, you can use:

.. code:: sh

$ pip install -e .

Releasing +++++++++

When releasing pvfactors, you will need to run a couple of build commands. First make sure to activate your virtual environment if any, then:

• create a tag on the latest master branch commit using git tag -a vX.X.X, and write a tag message. You can then push that tag to Github so that it will appear there.
• build the documentation by running make build-docs. When done running, you should be able to open build/sphinx/html/index.html, and confirm that the version displayed is the same as the one from the git tag. You can deploy by copying the content of of the build/sphinx/html/ folder into the gh-pages branch of the repo (make sure to keep the .nojekyll file that's already present).
• build the release files by running make build-package. When done running, you should be able to open dist/ and see both a whl file and and tar file. Make sure that their names include the correct git tag you created. Please confirm that the whl file was built correctly by installing it locally and testing the newly released updates. You can deploy by 1) making a Github release from the tag you created and pushed, and including the files in dist/ in the release. 2) The last step is to publish a release in PyPI, for which you can use twine and the command twine upload dist/*

References

.. [#pvfactors_paper] Anoma, M., Jacob, D., Bourne, B. C., Scholl, J. A., Riley, D. M., & Hansen, C. W. (2017). View Factor Model and Validation for Bifacial PV and Diffuse Shade on Single-Axis Trackers. In 44th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference.

.. _link: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ebb2/35e3c3796b158e1a3c45b40954e60d876ea9.pdf

.. _tutorials: https://sunpower.github.io/pvfactors/tutorials/index.html

.. _full mode: https://sunpower.github.io/pvfactors/theory/problem_formulation.html#full-simulations

.. _fast mode: https://sunpower.github.io/pvfactors/theory/problem_formulation.html#fast-simulations

.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/

.. _release section: https://github.com/SunPower/pvfactors/releases

.. |Logo| image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SunPower/pvfactors/master/docs/sphinx/_static/logo.png :target: http://sunpower.github.io/pvfactors/

.. |CircleCI| image:: https://circleci.com/gh/SunPower/pvfactors.svg?style=shield :target: https://circleci.com/gh/SunPower/pvfactors

.. |License| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/License-BSD%203--Clause-blue.svg :target: https://github.com/SunPower/pvfactors/blob/master/LICENSE

.. |PyPI-Status| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pvfactors.svg :target: https://pypi.org/project/pvfactors

.. |PyPI-Versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pvfactors.svg?logo=python&logoColor=white :target: https://pypi.org/project/pvfactors