pyaml

pretty-yaml (or pyaml)

PyYAML_-based python module to produce a bit more pretty and human-readable YAML-serialized data.

This module is for serialization only, see ruamel.yaml_ module for literate YAML parsing (keeping track of comments, spacing, line/column numbers of values, etc).

(side-note: to dump stuff parsed by ruamel.yaml with this module, use only YAML(typ='safe') there)

It's a small module, and for projects that only need part of its functionality, I'd recommend copy-pasting that in, instead of adding janky dependency.

.. _PyYAML: http://pyyaml.org/ .. _ruamel.yaml: https://bitbucket.org/ruamel/yaml/

.. contents:: :backlinks: none

Repository URLs:

• https://github.com/mk-fg/pretty-yaml
• https://codeberg.org/mk-fg/pretty-yaml
• https://fraggod.net/code/git/pretty-yaml

Warning

Prime goal of this module is to produce human-readable output that can be easily diff'ed, manipulated and re-used, but maybe with occasional issues.

So please do not rely on the thing to produce output that can always be deserialized exactly to what was exported, at least - use PyYAML directly for that (but maybe with options from the next section).

Output also isn't guaranteed to be stable between module versions, as new representation tweaks get added occasionally, but these can usually be disabled via module parameters, to get output stability over improvements.

What this module does and why

YAML is generally nice and easy format to read if it was written by humans.

PyYAML can a do fairly decent job of making stuff readable, and the best combination of parameters for such output that I've seen so far is probably this one::

m = [123, 45.67, {1: None, 2: False}, 'some text'] data = dict(a='asldnsa\nasldpáknsa\n', b='whatever text', ma=m, mb=m) yaml.safe_dump( data, sys.stdout, width=100, allow_unicode=True, default_flow_style=False ) a: 'asldnsa

asldpáknsa

'

b: whatever text ma: &id001

• 123
• 45.67
• 1: null 2: false
• some text mb: *id001

pyaml (this module) tries to improve on that a bit, with the following tweaks:

• Most human-friendly representation options in PyYAML (that I know of) are used as defaults - unicode, flow-style, width=100 (old default is 80).

• Dump "null" values as empty values, if possible, which have the same meaning but reduce visual clutter and are easier to edit.

• Dicts, sets, OrderedDicts, defaultdicts, namedtuples, enums, dataclasses, etc are represented as their safe YAML-compatible base (like int, list or mapping), with mappings key-sorted by default for more diff-friendly output.

• Use shorter and simpler yes/no for booleans.

• List items get indented, as they should be.

• Attempt is made to pick more readable string representation styles, depending on the value, e.g.::

  yaml.safe_dump(cert, sys.stdout) cert: '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

  MIIH3jCCBcagAwIBAgIJAJi7AjQ4Z87OMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIHBMRcwFQYD
  
  VQQKFA52YWxlcm9uLm5vX2lzcDEeMBwGA1UECxMVQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9y
  

  ...

  pyaml.p(cert): cert: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIH3jCCBcagAwIBAgIJAJi7AjQ4Z87OMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMIHBMRcwFQYD VQQKFA52YWxlcm9uLm5vX2lzcDEeMBwGA1UECxMVQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9y ...

• "force_embed" option (default=yes) to avoid having &id stuff scattered all over the output. Might be more useful to disable it in some specific cases though.

• "&idXYZ" anchors, when needed, get labels from the keys they get attached to, not just meaningless enumerators, e.g. "&users_-_admin" instead.

• "string_val_style" option to only apply to strings that are values, not keys, i.e::

  pyaml.p(data, string_val_style='"') key: "value\nasldpáknsa\n" yaml.safe_dump(data, sys.stdout, allow_unicode=True, default_style='"') "key": "value\nasldpáknsa\n"

• Add vertical spacing (empty lines) between keys on different depths, to separate long YAML sections in the output visually, make it more seekable.

• Discard end-of-document "..." indicators for simple values.

Result for the (rather meaningless) example above::

pyaml.p(data, force_embed=False, vspacing=dict(split_lines=10))

a: | asldnsa asldpáknsa

b: whatever text

ma: &ma - 123 - 45.67 - 1: 2: no - some text

mb: *ma

(force_embed=False enabled deduplication with &ma anchor, vspacing is adjusted to split even this tiny output)

---

Extended example::

pyaml.dump(data, vspacing=dict(split_lines=10))

destination:

encoding:
  xz:
    enabled: yes
    min_size: 5120
    options:
    path_filter:
      - \.(gz|bz2|t[gb]z2?|xz|lzma|7z|zip|rar)$
      - \.(rpm|deb|iso)$
      - \.(jpe?g|gif|png|mov|avi|ogg|mkv|webm|mp[34g]|flv|flac|ape|pdf|djvu)$
      - \.(sqlite3?|fossil|fsl)$
      - \.git/objects/[0-9a-f]+/[0-9a-f]+$

result:
  append_to_file:
  append_to_lafs_dir:
  print_to_stdout: yes

url: http://localhost:3456/uri

filter: - /(CVS|RCS|SCCS|_darcs|{arch})/$ - /.(git|hg|bzr|svn|cvs)(/|ignore|attributes|tags)?$ - /=(RELEASE-ID|meta-update|update)$

http: ca_certs_files: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt debug_requests: no request_pool_options: cachedConnectionTimeout: 600 maxPersistentPerHost: 10 retryAutomatically: yes

logging:

formatters:
  basic:
    datefmt: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
    format: '%(asctime)s :: %(name)s :: %(levelname)s: %(message)s'

handlers:
  console:
    class: logging.StreamHandler
    formatter: basic
    level: custom
    stream: ext://sys.stderr

loggers:
  twisted:
    handlers:
      - console
    level: 0

root:
  handlers:
    - console
  level: custom

Note that unless there are many moderately wide and deep trees of data, which are expected to be read and edited by people, it might be preferrable to directly use PyYAML regardless, as it won't introduce another (rather pointless in that case) dependency and a point of failure.

Features and Tricks

• Pretty-print any yaml or json (yaml subset) file from the shell::

  % python -m pyaml /path/to/some/file.yaml % pyaml < myfile.yml % curl -s https://www.githubstatus.com/api/v2/summary.json | pyaml

  pipx install pyaml can be a good way to only install "pyaml" command-line script.

• Process and replace json/yaml file in-place::

  % python -m pyaml -r mydata.yml

• Easier "debug printf" for more complex data (all funcs below are aliases to same thing)::

  pyaml.p(stuff) pyaml.pprint(my_data) pyaml.pprint('----- HOW DOES THAT BREAKS!?!?', input_data, some_var, more_stuff) pyaml.print(data, file=sys.stderr) # needs "from future import print_function"

• Force all string values to a certain style (see info on these in PyYAML docs_)::

  pyaml.dump(many_weird_strings, string_val_style='|') pyaml.dump(multiline_words, string_val_style='>') pyaml.dump(no_want_quotes, string_val_style='plain')

  Using pyaml.add_representer() (note *p*yaml) as suggested in this SO thread_ (or github-issue-7_) should also work.

  See also this amazing reply to StackOverflow#3790454_ for everything about the many different string styles in YAML.

• Control indent and width of the results::

  pyaml.dump(wide_and_deep, indent=4, width=120)

  These are actually keywords for PyYAML Emitter (passed to it from Dumper), see more info on these in PyYAML docs_.

• Dump multiple yaml documents into a file: pyaml.dump_all([data1, data2, data3], dst_file)

  explicit_start=True is implied, unless overidden by explicit_start=False.

• Control thresholds for vertical spacing of values (0 = always space stuff out), and clump all oneliner ones at the top::

  pyaml.p( data, sort_dicts=pyaml.PYAMLSort.oneline_group, vspacing=dict(split_lines=0, split_count=0) )

  chart: axisCenteredZero: no axisColorMode: text axisLabel: '' axisPlacement: auto barAlignment: 0 drawStyle: line ...

  hideFrom:
    legend: no
    tooltip: no
    viz: no
  
  scaleDistribution:
    type: linear
  
  stacking:
    group: A
    mode: none
  

  Or same thing with cli tool -v/--vspacing option: pyaml -v 0/0g mydata.yaml

• Dump any non-YAML-type values when debugging or to replace later::

  test2 = type('test2', (object,), dict(a='b'))() test3 = type('test3', (object,), dict(repr=lambda s: '# test3 repr'+' '*80))() pyaml.p(dict(test1='test1', test2=test2, test3=test3), repr_unknown=True)

  test1: test1 test2: <main.test2 object at 0x7f00ccd1ade0> # python value test3: '# test3 repr ...[50/92]' # python main.test3

  Such unknown-type values get truncated if their repr() is too long, which can be controlled by passing int max-length to repr_unknown instead of bool.

.. _PyYAML docs: http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation#Scalars .. _this SO thread: http://stackoverflow.com/a/7445560 .. _github-issue-7: https://github.com/mk-fg/pretty-yaml/issues/7 .. _amazing reply to StackOverflow#3790454: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3790454/how-do-i-break-a-string-in-yaml-over-multiple-lines/21699210#21699210

Installation

It's a regular Python 3.8+ module/package, published on PyPI (as pyaml_).

Module uses PyYAML_ for processing of the actual YAML files and should pull it in as a dependency.

Dependency on unidecode_ module is optional and only be used with force_embed=False keyword (defaults to True), and same-id objects or recursion within serialized data - i.e. only when generating &some_key_id anchors is actually needed. If module is unavailable at runtime, anchor ids might be less like their keys and maybe not as nice.

Using pip_ is how you generally install it, usually coupled with venv_ usage (which will also provide "pip" tool itself)::

% pip install pyaml

Current-git version can be installed like this::

% pip install git+https://github.com/mk-fg/pretty-yaml

pip will default to installing into currently-active venv, then user's home directory (under ~/.local/lib/python...), and maybe system-wide when running as root (only useful in specialized environments like docker containers).

There are many other python packaging tools - pipenv_, poetry_, pdm_, etc - use whatever is most suitable for specific project/environment. pipx_ can be used to install command-line script without a module.

More general info on python packaging can be found at packaging.python.org_.

When changing code, unit tests can be run with python -m unittest from the local repository checkout.

.. _pyaml: https://pypi.org/project/pyaml/ .. _unidecode: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Unidecode .. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/ .. _venv: https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html .. _poetry: https://python-poetry.org/ .. _pipenv: https://pipenv.pypa.io/ .. _pdm: https://pdm.fming.dev/ .. _pipx: https://pypa.github.io/pipx/ .. _packaging.python.org: https://packaging.python.org/installing/