A straightforward library to build, sign, and broadcast Ethereum transactions. It allows the separation of key and node management. Sign transactions and handle keys anywhere you can run Ruby and broadcast transactions through any local or remote node. Sign messages and recover signatures for authentication.
What you get:
Contents:
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem "eth"
Or install it yourself as:
gem install eth
Check out
Generate a random Secp256k1 key-pair.
key = Eth::Key.new
# => #<Eth::Key:0x00005574a6ba80b8 @private_key=#<Secp256k1::PrivateKey:0x00005574a6b9a0a8 @data=")&\x86P\xB5\x16\xD9]\xFA;\x1F\xF6\xD9\xCF\xE3Vj/\xE2\x81\xC0\x9D\xE9\x05o!q\x82G\x9A\x10Q">, @public_key=#<Secp256k1::PublicKey:0x00005574a6b9bf98>>
Create an password-encrypted Ethereum key-store.
my_key = Eth::Key.new priv: "30137644b564785d01420f8043f043d74dcca64008e57c59f8ce713a0005a54b"
key_store = Eth::Key::Encrypter.perform my_key, "secret-password-1337"
# => "{\"crypto\":{\"cipher\":\"aes-128-ctr\",\"cipherparams\":{\"iv\":\"7e5c0fe1e27f4ea61b0f4427dd63555f\"},\"ciphertext\":\"6353653bba494cdae6bcd510febc980cdc6f7b23cfbdf950d7a909a69625c8fd\",\"kdf\":\"pbkdf2\",\"kdfparams\":{\"c\":262144,\"dklen\":32,\"prf\":\"hmac-sha256\",\"salt\":\"cce96286f3c32267fc91f756365307fe6a4c83b6b2a73c69535f721fa407736c\"},\"mac\":\"3361ffd2b158a1d7bca5a5fd86a251ba3e9d80b602c867a2e0f47023a0e17a57\"},\"id\":\"642ee9fc-72e4-4d0a-902f-247c0b59bfda\",\"version\":3}"
restored_key = Eth::Key::Decrypter.perform key_store, "secret-password-1337"
# => "30137644b564785d01420f8043f043d74dcca64008e57c59f8ce713a0005a54b"
Manage Ethereum address objects adhering to EIP-55 checksum format.
address = Eth::Address.new "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"
# => #<Eth::Address:0x00005574a6bd4fc8 @address="0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9">
address.valid?
# => true
address.checksummed # EIP 55
# => "0xD496b23D61F88A8C7758fca7560dCFac7b3b01F9"
See /spec or Documentation for more details about key-pairs, encrypting/decrypting key-stores with a secret, and checksummed addresses.
Manage keypairs to sign messages in EIP-191 (personal_sign) format or typed data in EIP-712 (sign_typed_data) format.
key = Eth::Key.new priv: "268be6f4a68c40f6862b7ac9aed8f701dc25a95ddb9a44d8b1f520b75f440a9a"
# => #<Eth::Key:0x00005574a699adc0 @private_key=#<Secp256k1::PrivateKey:0x00005574a6998200 @data="&\x8B\xE6\xF4\xA6\x8C@\xF6\x86+z\xC9\xAE\xD8\xF7\x01\xDC%\xA9]\xDB\x9AD\xD8\xB1\xF5 \xB7_D\n\x9A">, @public_key=#<Secp256k1::PublicKey:0x00005574a6998160>>
key.public_hex
# => "04b45200621c013a5fbab999ac33b0c836328a04afa0255ffbe6ea0f6fd97e187b02199886d942a9f50f7e279a2bc74c93b2afcbd7255489939f9b36a5eae5e281"
key.address.to_s
# => "0xD496b23D61F88A8C7758fca7560dCFac7b3b01F9"
key.personal_sign "Hello World!"
# => "ac6a59417d8688c8144f01a662384fa691636b48a071d4b7c13902bb87ca472b0bce1d7a758f39a5759ed5e937ce61f50dd1b83158371f8d0faeb9b7d81c194225"
Recover and verify personal signatures respecting EIPs 155, 191, and 712.
address = Eth::Address.new "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"
# => #<Eth::Address:0x00005574a6bd4fc8 @address="0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9">
signature = "ac6a59417d8688c8144f01a662384fa691636b48a071d4b7c13902bb87ca472b0bce1d7a758f39a5759ed5e937ce61f50dd1b83158371f8d0faeb9b7d81c19422d"
# => "ac6a59417d8688c8144f01a662384fa691636b48a071d4b7c13902bb87ca472b0bce1d7a758f39a5759ed5e937ce61f50dd1b83158371f8d0faeb9b7d81c19422d"
recovered_key = Eth::Signature.personal_recover "Hello World!", signature, Eth::Chain::GOERLI
# => "04b45200621c013a5fbab999ac33b0c836328a04afa0255ffbe6ea0f6fd97e187b02199886d942a9f50f7e279a2bc74c93b2afcbd7255489939f9b36a5eae5e281"
Eth::Util.public_key_to_address(recovered_key).to_s
# => "0xD496b23D61F88A8C7758fca7560dCFac7b3b01F9"
Eth::Signature.verify "Hello World!", signature, address, Eth::Chain::GOERLI
# => true
See /spec or Documentation for signing typed data as per EIP-712.
Manage Ethereum chain IDs for EIP-155 replay protection.
chain_id = Eth::Chain::OPTIMISM
# => 10
v = Eth::Chain.to_v 0, Eth::Chain::OPTIMISM
# => 55
recovery_id = Eth::Chain.to_recovery_id v, Eth::Chain::OPTIMISM
# => 0
chain_id = Eth::Chain.to_chain_id v
# => 10
Create an EIP-1559-conform transaction:
payload = {
chain_id: Eth::Chain::GOERLI,
nonce: 5,
priority_fee: 3 * Eth::Unit::GWEI,
max_gas_fee: 69 * Eth::Unit::GWEI,
gas_limit: 230_420,
to: "0xCaA29806044A08E533963b2e573C1230A2cd9a2d",
value: 0.069423 * Eth::Unit::ETHER,
}
# => {:chain_id=>5, :nonce=>5, :priority_fee=>0.3e10, :max_gas_fee=>0.69e11, :gas_limit=>230420, :to=>"0xCaA29806044A08E533963b2e573C1230A2cd9a2d", :value=>0.69423e17}
tx = Eth::Tx.new payload
# => #<Eth::Tx::Eip1559:0x0000557e35fc5a68 @access_list=[], @amount=69423000000000000, @chain_id=5, @destination="CaA29806044A08E533963b2e573C1230A2cd9a2d", @gas_limit=230420, @max_fee_per_gas=69000000000, @max_priority_fee_per_gas=3000000000, @payload="", @sender="", @signature_r=0, @signature_s=0, @signature_y_parity=nil, @signer_nonce=5, @type=2>
my_key = Eth::Key.new priv: "30137644b564785d01420f8043f043d74dcca64008e57c59f8ce713a0005a54b"
# => #<Eth::Key:0x0000557e36243178 @private_key=#<Secp256k1::PrivateKey:0x0000557e36242d40 @data="0\x13vD\xB5dx]\x01B\x0F\x80C\xF0C\xD7M\xCC\xA6@\b\xE5|Y\xF8\xCEq:\x00\x05\xA5K">, @public_key=#<Secp256k1::PublicKey:0x0000557e36242cf0>>
tx.sign my_key
# => "cba302c0ebf8d0205a78ae97f560419b407e32e2426f416abc95a9bfc9dac09c"
tx.hex
# => "02f873050584b2d05e00851010b872008303841494caa29806044a08e533963b2e573c1230a2cd9a2d87f6a3d9c63df00080c080a03aa187d10b138d3e0155729adb961cd89e10f988ba2d19d6869770b9e5a23d10a04d40864600136ae214916043c7d63b849c98db757e95c86983a036982816e1af"
This gem also supports access lists and ABI-encoded data payloads. See /spec or Documentation for more details about the various supported transaction types (legacy, type-1, type-2), payload parameters, and how to estimate intrinsic gas costs.
Encode and decode Ethereum application binary interface data (ABI).
Eth::Util.bin_to_hex Eth::Abi.encode(["string", "address"], ["Hello, Bob!", "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"])
# => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000d496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f2c20426f6221000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
Eth::Abi.decode(["string", "address"], "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000d496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b48656c6c6f2c20426f6221000000000000000000000000000000000000000000")
# => ["Hello, Bob!", "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"]
Serialize and deserialize Ethereum recursive-length prefix data (RLP).
Eth::Util.bin_to_hex Eth::Rlp.encode ["Hello, Bob!", "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"]
# => "f78b48656c6c6f2c20426f6221aa307864343936623233643631663838613863373735386663613735363064636661633762336230316639"
Eth::Rlp.decode "f78b48656c6c6f2c20426f6221aa307864343936623233643631663838613863373735386663613735363064636661633762336230316639"
# => ["Hello, Bob!", "0xd496b23d61f88a8c7758fca7560dcfac7b3b01f9"]
Or ;-)
Eth::Rlp.decode "c7c0c1c0c3c0c1c0"
# => [[], [[]], [[], [[]]]]
Create an IPC- or HTTP-RPC-API client to seamlessly query the chain state, e.g., Infura over HTTPS with access token:
infura = Eth::Client.create "https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/#{access_token}"
# => #<Eth::Client::Http:0x000055d43f3ca460 @gas_limit=21000, @host="mainnet.infura.io", @id=0, @max_fee_per_gas=0.2e11, @max_priority_fee_per_gas=0, @port=443, @ssl=true, @uri=#<URI::HTTPS https://mainnet.infura.io/v3/31b...d93>>
deposit_contract = Eth::Address.new "0x00000000219ab540356cBB839Cbe05303d7705Fa"
# => #<Eth::Address:0x000055d43f381738 @address="0x00000000219ab540356cBB839Cbe05303d7705Fa">
infura.get_balance deposit_contract
# => 9087314000069000000000069
Or set up a local development environment with geth --dev:
cli = Eth::Client.create "/tmp/geth.ipc"
# => #<Eth::Client::Ipc:0x000055d43f51c390 @gas_limit=21000, @id=0, @max_fee_per_gas=0.2e11, @max_priority_fee_per_gas=0, @path="/tmp/geth.ipc">
cli.eth_coinbase
# => {"jsonrpc"=>"2.0", "id"=>1, "result"=>"0x6868074fb21c48dfad0c448fbabd99383a6598e4"}
tx = cli.transfer_and_wait(Eth::Key.new.address, 1337 * Eth::Unit::ETHER)
# => "0x141c6dff40df34fe4fce5a65588d2161dab3e0e977fb8049ff7d79bc901034f7"
cli.eth_get_transaction_by_hash tx
# => {"jsonrpc"=>"2.0", "id"=>8, "result"=> {"blockHash"=>"0x47e742038c75851348dbda87b15fde044d54c442c371f43bea881a44d5589de3", "blockNumber"=>"0x1", "from"=>"0x6868074fb21c48dfad0c448fbabd99383a6598e4", "gas"=>"0x5208", "gasPrice"=>"0x342770c1", "maxFeePerGas"=>"0x77359401", "maxPriorityFeePerGas"=>"0x1", "hash"=>"0x141c6dff40df34fe4fce5a65588d2161dab3e0e977fb8049ff7d79bc901034f7", "input"=>"0x", "nonce"=>"0x0", "to"=>"0x311c61e5dc6123ad016bb7fd687d283c327bcd5f", "transactionIndex"=>"0x0", "value"=>"0x487a9a304539440000", "type"=>"0x2", "accessList"=>[], "chainId"=>"0x539", "v"=>"0x0", "r"=>"0xb42477d69eae65a3a3d91d9cb173e4a45a403fb0a15fa729dbfdc9d13211d7b5", "s"=>"0x4a2f98fc2b61c2d7c907520bc8c6ebe42ea6fe1cb6824f95e4b30e9464395100"}}
cli.get_balance "0x311c61e5dc6123ad016bb7fd687d283c327bcd5f"
# => 1337000000000000000000
cli.get_nonce cli.eth_coinbase["result"]
# => 1
Check out Eth::Api for a list of supported RPC-APIs or consult the Documentation for more details.
Link a system-level Solidity compiler (solc) to your Ruby library and compile contracts.
solc = Eth::Solidity.new
# => #<Eth::Solidity:0x000055f05040c6d0 @compiler="/usr/bin/solc">
contract = solc.compile "spec/fixtures/contracts/greeter.sol"
# => {"Greeter"=>
# {"abi"=>
# [{"inputs"=>[{"internalType"=>"string", "name"=>"message", "type"=>"string"}], "stateMutability"=>"nonpayable", "type"=>"constructor"},
# {"inputs"=>[], "name"=>"greet", "outputs"=>[{"internalType"=>"string", "name"=>"", "type"=>"string"}], "stateMutability"=>"view", "type"=>"function"},
# {"inputs"=>[], "name"=>"kill", "outputs"=>[], "stateMutability"=>"nonpayable", "type"=>"function"}],
# "bin"=>
# "6080604052348015...6c634300080c0033"},
# "Mortal"=>
# {"abi"=>[{"inputs"=>[], "stateMutability"=>"nonpayable", "type"=>"constructor"}, {"inputs"=>[], "name"=>"kill", "outputs"=>[], "stateMutability"=>"nonpayable", "type"=>"function"}],
# "bin"=>
# "6080604052348015...6c634300080c0033"}}
The contract["Greeter"]["bin"] could be directly used to deploy the contract as Eth::Tx payload. Check out the Documentation for more details.
Create, compile, and deploy smart contracts.
contract = Eth::Contract.from_file(file: 'spec/fixtures/contracts/dummy.sol')
# => #<Eth::Contract::Dummy:0x00007fbeee936598>
cli = Eth::Client.create "/tmp/geth.ipc"
# => #<Eth::Client::Ipc:0x00007fbeee946128 @gas_limit=21000, @id=0, @max_fee_per_gas=0.2e11, @max_priority_fee_per_gas=0, @path="/tmp/geth.ipc">
address = cli.deploy_and_wait(contract)
# => "0x2f2faa160420cee087ded96bad52475147136bd8"
Transact with or call the deployed contract.
cli.transact_and_wait(contract, "set", 1234)
# => "0x49ca4c0a5729da19a1d2574de9a444a9cd3219bdad81745b54f9cf3bb83b6a06"
cli.call(contract, "get")
# => 1234
Or call an existing contract, e.g., the ENS registry:
ens_registry_abi = '[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"contract ENS","name":"_old","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"approved","type":"bool"}],"name":"ApprovalForAll","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"label","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"NewOwner","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"resolver","type":"address"}],"name":"NewResolver","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"uint64","name":"ttl","type":"uint64"}],"name":"NewTTL","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"Transfer","type":"event"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"}],"name":"isApprovedForAll","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"old","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract ENS","name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"owner","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"recordExists","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"resolver","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"operator","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bool","name":"approved","type":"bool"}],"name":"setApprovalForAll","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"setOwner","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"resolver","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint64","name":"ttl","type":"uint64"}],"name":"setRecord","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"resolver","type":"address"}],"name":"setResolver","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"label","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"}],"name":"setSubnodeOwner","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"label","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"address","name":"owner","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"resolver","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint64","name":"ttl","type":"uint64"}],"name":"setSubnodeRecord","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"uint64","name":"ttl","type":"uint64"}],"name":"setTTL","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"node","type":"bytes32"}],"name":"ttl","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint64","name":"","type":"uint64"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]'
ens_registry_address = "0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e"
ens_registry_name = "ENSRegistryWithFallback"
ens_registry = Eth::Contract.from_abi(name: ens_registry_name, address: ens_registry_address, abi: ens_registry_abi)
# => #<Eth::Contract::ENSRegistryWithFallback:0x000055bece570980>
ens_registry.address
# => "0x00000000000C2E074eC69A0dFb2997BA6C7d2e1e"
cli.call(ens_registry, "old")
# => "0x112234455c3a32fd11230c42e7bccd4a84e02010"
The gem also comes with an EIP-1271 smart-contract authentification interface.
cli.is_valid_signature contract, hash, signature
# => true
The documentation can be found at: https://q9f.github.io/eth.rb
For any specific version, docs can be generated by yard:
gem install bundler rdoc yard
git checkout v0.5.0
yard doc
The goal is to have 100% API documentation available.
The test suite expects working local HTTP and IPC endpoints with a prefunded developer account, e.g.:
geth --dev --http --ipcpath /tmp/geth.ipc &
To run tests, simply use rspec. Note, that the Ethereum test fixtures are also required.
git submodule update --init --recursive
bundle install
rspec
The goal is to have 100% specification coverage for all code inside this gem.
Pull requests are welcome! To contribute, please consider the following:
yard doc and make sure it does not yield any warnings or undocumented sets.rspec to make sure all tests pass. The CI has an integration that will assis you to identify uncovered lines of code and get coverage up to 100%.rufo gem is recommended.The eth gem is licensed under the conditions of Apache 2.0. Please see AUTHORS for contributors and copyright notices.
This gem is a complete rewrite of the old eth gem by Steve Ellis.
It is not only a rewrite of the eth gem but also a partial merge of the ethereum gem by Marek Kirejczyk and Yuta Kurotaki.
This gem also includes a revised version of the ABI gem by Jan Xie and Zhang Yaning.
It also contains a condensed version of the RLP gem by Jan Xie and Zhang Yaning.
FAQs
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We found that eth-custom demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 2 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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