PubMed ID (PMID) Cite


Turbocharge a PubMed literature search with the command, icite
, rather than clicking and clicking and clicking on Google Scholar "Cited by N" links.
This open-source project is part of a peer-reviewed commentary that was invited by the editors of Research Synthesis Methods.
Please Cite and star on GitHub
if you use pmidcite in your research or literature search.
Contact: dvklopfenstein@protonmail.com
PubMed and NIH Citation data
PubMed contains peer-reviewed research papers
in biomedicine, biochemistry, chemistry, behavioral science, and other life sciences.
Citation data is downloaded
from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
each time icite
is run and includes:
- Citation counts of all papers and clinical papers
- Performance of a paper among its peer papers
- Existence of MeSH terms for the human, animal, and molecular/cellular categories
Table of Contents
- Quickstart on the command line
- Examples in Jupyter notebooks using the pmidcite Python library
- Installation & citation:
- References
1) Download citation counts and data for a research paper
$ icite -H 26032263
- This paper (PMID 26032263) has
25
citations, 10
references, and 4
authors.
- This paper is performing well (
74
th percentile in column %
) compared to its peers.

NIH percentile
This paper is performing well (74
th percentile) compared to its peers (column %
).
The NIH percentile grouping (column G
) helps to
highlight the better performing papers in groups 2
, 3
, and 4
by
sorting the citing papers by group first, then publication year.
The sort places the lower performing papers in groups 0
or 1
at the back.
New papers appear at the beginning of a sorted list,
no matter how many citations they have to
better facilitate researchers in finding the latest discoveries.
The grouping of papers by NIH percentile grouping is a novel feature created by dvklopfenstein for this project.
2) Forward citation search

Also known as following a paper's Cited by links or Forward snowballing
icite -H; icite 26032263 --load_citations | sort -k6 -r
or
icite -H; icite 26032263 -c | sort -k6 -r
3) Backward citation search
Also known as following links to a paper's references or Backward snowballing

$ icite -H; icite 26032263 --load_references | sort -k6 -r
or
$ icite -H; icite 26032263 -r | sort -k6 -r
4) Summarize a group of citations
Create a file containing numerous PMIDs annotated with icite info
$ icite 30022098 -c -o goatools_cites.txt
WROTE: goatools_cites.txt
Count the number of lines in the file
$ wc -l goatools_cites.txt
468 goatools_cites.txt
Summarize the papers in "goatools_cites.txt"
$ sumpaps goatools_cites.txt
i=026.9% 4=003.0% 3=018.9% 2=028.8% 1=015.9% 0=006.5% 6 years:2018-2024 465 papers goatools_cites.txt
- The output is on one line so many files containing sets of PMIDs may be compared
- The groups are from newest(
i
) to top-performing(4
), great(3
), very good(2
), and overlooked(1
and 0
)
5) Download citations for all papers returned from a PubMed search
1. Do a search in PubMed

2. Save all results into a list of PMIDs

3. Download the list of PMIDs

4. Run icite to analyze all the PMIDs
$ icite -i pmid-HIVANDDNAm-set.txt -o pmid-HIVANDDNAm-icite.txt
$ grep TOP pmid-HIVANDDNAm-icite.txt | sort -k6
Command Line Interface (CLI)
A Command-Line Interface (CLI) can be preferable
to a Graphical User Interface (GUI) because:
- processing can be automated from a script
- time-consuming mouse clicking is reduced
- more data can be seen at once on a text screen
than in a browser, giving the researcher
a better overall impression of the full set of information [1]
Researchers who use Linux or Mac already work from the command line.
Researchers who use Windows can get that Linux-like command line feeling
while still running native Windows programs by
downloading Cygwin from https://www.cygwin.com/ [1].
PubMed vs Google Scholar
In 2013, Boeker et al. [6]
recommended that a scientific search interface contain five integrated search criteria.
PubMed implements all five, while Google did not in 2013 or today.
Google's highly popular implementation of the forward citation search through their ubiquitous "Cited by N" links
is a "Better" experience than the PubMed's "forward citation search" implementation.
But if your research is in the health sciences and
you are amenable to working from the command line,
you can use PubMed in your browser plus
citation data downloaded from the NIH using the command-line using pmidcite.
The NIH's citation data includes a paper's ranking among its co-citation network.
PubMed is a search interface and toolset used to access over 30.5 million article records from databases such as:
- MEDLINE: a highly selective database started in the 1960s
- PubMed Central (PMC): an open-access database for full-text papers that are free of cost
- Additional content such as books and articles published before the 1960s
Installation
To install from PyPI
$ pip install pmidcite
To install using Bioconda
$ conda install -c bioconda pmidcite
To install locally
$ git clone https://github.com/dvklopfenstein/pmidcite.git
$ cd ./pmidcite
$ pip install .
Setup
Save your literature search in a GitHub repo.
Add a .pmidciterc init file to a non-git managed directory, such as home (~)
$ icite --generate-rcfile | tee ~/.pmidciterc
[pmidcite]
email = myname@email.edu
# To download PubMed search results, get an NCBI API key here:
# https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2017/11/02/new-api-keys-for-the-e-utilities
apikey = MY_LONG_HEX_NCBI_API_KEY
tool = my_scripts
$ export PMIDCITECONF=~/.pmidciterc
Do not version manage the .pmidciterc
using a tool such as GitHub because it
contains your personal email and your private NCBI API key.
2. NCBI E-Utils API key
To download PubMed abstracts and PubMed search results using NCBI's E-Utils,
get an NCBI API key using these instructions:
https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2017/11/02/new-api-keys-for-the-e-utilities
Set the apikey
value in the config file: ~/.pmidciterc
Contributing
See the contributing guide for detailed instructions on how to get started contributing to the pmidcite project.
Contact
email: dvklopfenstein@protonmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-7603
How to Cite
If you use pmidcite in your research or literature search, please cite paper 1 (pmidcite) and paper 3 (NIH citation data).
Please also consider reading and citing Gusenbauer's response (paper 2) about improving search for all during the information avalanche of these times:
References
Please consider reading and citing the paper [4] which inspired the creation of pmidcite [1] and the authors' response to our paper [2]:
Mentioned in this README are also these outstanding contributions:
Contact
dvklopfenstein@protonmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-7603
Copyright (C) 2019-present pmidcite, DV Klopfenstein, PhD. All rights reserved.